大肠杆菌青霉素酰化酶的提纯及其性质的研究

大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli) AS 1.70发酵液经有机溶剂处理,硫酸铵分级,再用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳进行纯化,得到了聚丙烯酰胺凝肢电泳均一的青霉素酰化酶纯品。纯酶作用的最适温度为45—55℃,最适pH为7．0—7．7,在无NIPAB存在下,纯酶在45℃以下稳定,但在55℃保温一小时,酶活力残存33．58％,纯酶在pH5．0—8.0稳定。酶作用于重排酸的米氏常数为3．33×10-2g／ml。Ag+对酶有抑制作用。用聚丙烯酰胺薄层凝胶等电聚焦测定酶的等电点(pI)为6．7—6．8,用SDS凝胶电泳测酶的亚基分子量分别为14300和58900。纯酶具有水解苯甘氨酸甲酯盐酸盐的作用,反应两小时产生12．74mM苯甘氨酸。     

黑翅土白蚁纤维素酶纯化及其特性研究(英文)

利用DuoFlow层析系统阴离子交换柱UNOsphere Q,从黑翅土白蚁工蚁体内分离出内切葡聚糖酶。以羧甲基纤维素和水杨苷为底物,测得纯化酶的活性分别是原酶液的807.5和14.4倍。经变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析,获得单一的蛋白条带,其分子量大小为80kDa。经双向电泳图谱分析,其等电点为6.4。     

马氏蝎毒毒素的分离纯化及其对红细胞膜作用的初步研究

本文用山东产马氏蝎(Buthus martensii kashi)粗毒为材料,经SephadexG-50和Sp-Sephadex C-25二次柱层析,分离纯化获得三个毒峰部分,毒性比粗毒分别提高40—100倍。 纯度鉴定表明三个毒峰的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和等电聚焦电泳均为一条带,等电点分别为8.7,9.1,9.1,分子量用SDS-不连续聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定分别为6,600,5,000和8,500。对纯化蝎毒毒素的氨基酸组分也作了分析。 蝎毒毒素对人红细胞膜作用的初步探索结果表明:它使人红细胞膜的Na.K-ATP酶活性和膜脂流动性有所降低。     

田菁种子中甘露糖磷酸变位酶（PMM）的纯化及其性质

利用 Sephadex G-200平板等电聚焦技术对田菁(Sesbania cannabina)种子中的 PMM进行了纯化。得到的 PMM 等电点为 pH5.0,在 SDS 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上表现为一条带,分子量为41 kD。酶活测定表明,PMM 的最适催化 pH 为7.3,其催化甘露糖-1-磷酸(M-1-P)到甘露糖-6-磷酸(M-6-P)反应的平衡常数为16.2。另外用酸水解法对田菁 PMM 的氨基酸组分进行了分折。     

竹叶青(Trimeresurus stejnegeri)蛇毒凝血酶样酶的分离纯化及其理化性质的研究

用CM—Sephadex C—25分离竹叶青粗毒,再经DEAE—Sephadex A—50和CM—Sephadex C—25纯化得到凝血酶样酶组分Ⅰ。用DEAE—Sephadex A—50分离竹叶青粗毒,再经DEAE—Sepharose CL—6B纯化得到凝血酶样酶组分Ⅱ。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和SDS—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定,组分Ⅰ在两种电泳中均为一条带; 组分Ⅱ在两朴电泳中均为二条带,经切割后鉴定证明组分Ⅱ的二条带都是凝血酶样酶。组分Ⅰ的分子量为54,500,由261个氨基酸残基组成,其中Asp和Glu含量较高,含14％中性己糖,13.1％己糖胺和14.7％唾液酸,等电点为3.5,在280nm处的消光系数为E_(1cm)~(0.1％)=0.855。组分Ⅱ的分子量分别为54,000和47,000。经凝胶电泳分离后用过碘酸—Schiff's试剂染色,证明组分Ⅰ和组分Ⅱ都是糖蛋白。     

鬼针草属六种植物的同工酶电泳实验研究

目的:建立鬼针草6个品种过氧化物酶同工酶(POD)电泳指纹图谱,探讨鬼针草种内变异规律.方法:聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析.结果:鬼针草6个品种过氧化物酶同工酶PAGE指纹图谱差异显著.结论:聚丙烯酰胺凝胶同工酶电泳图谱可用于鉴别鬼针草6个种质.     

产气气杆菌茁霉多糖酶的研究I．酶的提纯和性质

产气气杆菌(Aerobacter aerogenes) 10016的茁霉多糖酶(pullulanase E．C．3．2．1．41)用Sephadex G100凝胶过滤、聚丙烯酰胺垂直板型凝胶电泳进行纯化,得到了聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳均一的纯酶。纯酶作用的最适温度为50℃,最适pH为5．3—5．8,耐热性较差,50℃ 4小时后仅存活力10％。纯酶在pH4．3一8．6稳定。酶作用于糯米淀粉的米氏常数Km为2.0×10-2克／毫升。用聚丙烯酰胺薄屡凝胶等电聚焦测定酶的等电点pI为3．8,用SDS凝胶电泳测定酶的分子量为51,000—52,000;此酶是一种糖蛋白;含糖总量为6．5—7．0％;纯酶能专一性的水解茁霉多糖、糯米淀粉,也能分解糊精,而不作用于糖原、纤维二糖以及环状糊精。     

蓖麻β-半乳糖苷酶的纯化及其基本性质

蓖麻籽黄化苗中存在高活性β-半乳糖苷酶。经硫酸铵分级分离、DEAE-纤维素离子交換层析、Sephadex G-100、CM-Sephadex和DEAE-Sephadex层析纯化。活性收率为6.4％,纯化倍数达107倍。纯化了的酶经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示单一蛋白带,SDS-PAGE显示两条蛋白带,其相应分子量分别为3.25×10~4和2.94×10~4。用Sephadex G-200分子筛层析法测得分子量为6.7×10~4。综合上述结果推测该酶是由两个不同的亚基构成。以邻硝基苯酚-β-半乳糖苷为底物测得该酶的表观Km为5.9×10~(-3)mol/L。最适pH和最适温度分别为4.5和50℃。酸碱稳定区域在pH4.6—7.5之间。不同浓度缓冲液以及不同种类缓冲液、不同金属离子对酶活性影响均进行了讨论。     

露花叶片PEP羧化酶的纯化及某些分子特性

经硫酸铵分部沉淀,DEAE-纤维素(DE52),DEAE-Sephadex A-50,SephacrylS-200和二次羟基磷灰石等柱层析,从露花叶片中分离得到纯化63.9倍、电泳均一的磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶。此酶的天然分子量经聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳测定为260kD,经SephadexG-200凝胶过滤法测定为240kD。用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳测得酶的亚基分子量为115kD,表明此酶是个二同聚体。此酶的等电点为PI=5.6。免疫双扩散的结果表明此酶与高梁PEPG的抗原决定簇呈部分同一性。     

兔血清中过氧化物酶同工酶在兔分类中的研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法（PAGE）对中国白兔、新西兰兔、獭兔血清中的过氧化物酶同工酶进行研究。研究结果表明：这三种兔在血清中的过氧化物酶有着明显的区别,可以利用过氧化物酶的区别对兔种进行分类鉴定。本方法可为过氧化物酶同工酶在动物分类鉴定中提供参考依据。     

Characteristics and N-terminal amino acid sequence of manganese peroxidase from solid substrate cultures of Agaricus bisporus

Extracellular manganese peroxidase (MnP) was purified from the compost extract of Agaricus bisporus using anion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Two forms (MnP1 and MnP2) were separated by isoelectric focusing and their isoelectric points were determined to be 3.25 (MnP1) and 3.3 (MnP2). Both forms had a molecular mass of 40 kDa. The first 25 amino acids of the N-terminal end of MnP1 sequence was found to share 68% identity with a Pleurotus ostreatus and a P. eryngii MnP. Lignin peroxidase was not detected during any of the steps in the purification process. In liquid cultures with both soluble and insoluble carbon sources in defined medium (D-glucose, glycerol, Whatman CC-41 microcrystalline cellulose or Solka-floc cellulose) MnP protein was detected in culture fluid by Western blot, but no MnP activity could be detected. A. bisporus appears to be in the group of ligninolytic fungi which do not produce lignin peroxidase.     

Thermally stable and hydrogen peroxide tolerant manganese peroxidase (MnP) from Lenzites betulinus

A thermally stable and hydrogen peroxide tolerant manganese peroxidase (MnP) was purified from the culture medium of Lenzites betulinus by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and isoelectric focusing chromatography. The MnP purified from L. betulinus (L-MnP) has a molecular mass of 40 kDa and its isoelectric point was determined to be 6.2. The first 19 amino acids at the N-terminal end of the L-MnP sequence were found to exhibit 74% identity with those of a Phlebia radiata MnP. L-MnP was proved to have the highest hydrogen peroxide tolerance among MnPs reported so far. It retained more than 60% of the initial activity after thermal treatment at 60°C for 60 min, and also retained more than 60% of the initial activity after exposure to 10 mM hydrogen peroxide for 5 min at 37°C.     

Mn-dependent peroxidase from the lignin-degrading white rot fungus Phlebia radiata

A homogeneous Mn-dependent peroxidase (MnP) was purified from the extracellular culture fluid of the lignin-degrading white rot fungus Phlebia radiata by anion exchange chromatography. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 49,000 and pI 3.8. It was a glycoprotein, containing carbohydrate moieties accounting for 10% of the molecular weight. Mn-peroxidase was capable of oxidizing phenolic compounds in the presence of H2O2, whereas the effect on nonphenolic lignin model compounds was insignificant. MnP contained protoporphyrin IX as a prosthetic group. During enzymatic reactions H2O2 converted the native MnP to compound II. Mn2+ was essential in completing the catalytic cycle by returning the enzyme to its native state. The oxidation of ultimate substrates was dependent on superoxide radicals, O2- and probably on Mn3+ generated during the catalytic cycle. MnP exhibited high activity of NADH oxidation without exogenously added H2O2. It was shown to produce H2O2 at the expense of NADH.     

Purification and characterization of a bovine colostrum low molecular weight cysteine proteinase inhibitor

Large amounts of cysteine proteinase inhibitors were found in bovine colostrum. One had a molecular weight of 90,000, and the other a molecular weight of 10,500. The concentrations of both these inhibitors were highest the day after parturition, and were about one-tenth as much on day 7. The lower molecular weight inhibitor was purified by acid treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, CM-Sephadex chromatography and rechromatography on Sephadex G-50. The purified preparation gave a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This inhibitor contained one tryptophanyl residue and one cystinyl residue, and did not contain a free thiol group. Values obtained for its isoelectric point (pI) were 10.0 and 10.3. This material strongly inhibited cathepsin B, cathepsin H, and papain. the higher molecular weight inhibitor was partially purified. It had a pI of 4.2 and inhibited papain, cathepsin H, and cathepsin B.     

Neuraminidase in Bacteroides fragilis.

A neuraminidase from Bacteroides fragilis was purified 542-fold by isoelectric focusing, adsorption chromatography on Affi-Gel 202, and gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-200. On isoelectric focusing the neuraminidase was resolved into three differently charged fractions with pI values of 6.8, 7.1, and 7.4. The major component of pI 7.1 was used for further purification. The purified enzyme had optimal activity at pH 6.4 with N-acetylneuraminlactose as the substrate. Its molecular weight, determined by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography, was 92,000. The neuraminidase hydrolyzed terminal neuraminic acid residues from N-acetylneuraminlactose, fetuin, bovine submaxillary mucin, and porcine stomach lining mucin. A new method for the detection of neuraminidase activity is described which is based on rocket affinoelectrophoresis. It utilizes the differences in the interaction of sialylated and desialylated mucin with Helix pomatia lectin, enzymatic activity being detected by formation of affinorockets after incubation of the neuraminidase with bovine submaxillary mucin.     

De novo synthesis of peroxidase in cotton ovule culture medium

The biosynthesis of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L. 'Stoneville 208') peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) has been investigated in an organ culture system, since this enzyme may play a role in cell wall biogenesis or host defense mechanisms. Electrophoretic analysis of proteins from cotton ovule cultures indicated relatively few proteins being released into the surrounding medium. De novo synthesis of released peroxidase and other medium proteins was determined by in vivo labeling of ovule cultures with [³⁵S]-methionine. Analysis of labeled culture medium by denatured gel electrophoresis followed by fluorography showed incorporation of isotope into 2 major proteins with molecular weights of 30 kD and 56 kD, as well as a limited number of minor proteins. Similar analysis of native isoelectric focusing gels coupled with autoradiography demonstrated [³⁵S]-methionine incorporation into 2 major proteins with pI values of 4.3 and 5.0. The pI 5.0 protein was shown to have a molecular weight of 30 kD. The pI 4.3 protein had a molecular weight of 56 kD and was shown to be peroxidase by activity staining. Minor radiolabeled proteins were observed in the cationic region of the isoelectric focusing gels.     

Characteristics and N-terminal amino acid sequence of a manganese peroxidase purified from Lentinula edodes cultures grown on a commercial wood substrate

Summary Extracellular culture filtrates from ligninolytic cultures of the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Lentinula (syn. Lentinus) edodes (Berk.) Pegler contained one major peroxidase when grown on a commercial oak-wood substrate. The peroxidase was purified by polyethylenimine clarification, anion-exchange chromatography, and hydrophobic-interaction HPLC. The enzyme (MnP1) was a heme-iron protein with an apparent molecular weight of 44 600 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels and an isoelectric point of pH 3.2. The native enzyme had an absorption maximum at 407 nm, which shifted to 420 nm upon H₂O₂ addition. The pyridine-hemochrome-absorption spectrum indicated that one heme group was present per enzyme as protoporphyrin IX. N-terminal amino acid sequencing showed that MnP1 had higher sequence homology with manganese peroxidases than with lignin peroxidases reported from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. L. edodes MnP1 was capable of oxidizing lignin and lignin-model compounds in the presence of manganese and H₂O₂.On leave from the Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.Research carried out while a visiting scientist at the USDA Forest Products Laboratory from the National Chemistry Laboratory, Pune, India 41 1008 Offprint requests to: I. T. Forrester     

Analysis of rat serum apolipoproteins by isoelectric focusing. II. Studies on the low molecular weight subunits.

The low molecular weight proteins of rat apo HDL and apo VLDL have been isolated and analyzed by the technique of isoelectric focusing. Sephadex fractions from apo HDL (HS-3) and apo VLDL (VS-3) that contain these proteins reveal three major bands with apparent isoelectric points of pH 4.50, 4.67, and 4.74, as well as three minor bands at pH 4.43, 4.57, and 4.61. In addition, apo HDL has a major band at pI of 4.83. DEAE-Cellulose chromatography was used to prepare purified fractions of these components that were characterized by N-terminal analyses and molecular weight determinantions by SDS gel electrophoresis. The major low molecular weight components of apo HDL were focused on a slab gel and the bands were identified as A-II (pI 4.83), C-II (pI 4.74), C-III-0 (pI 4.67), and C-III-3 (pI 4.50). Neuraminidase treatment of apo HDL, followed by isoelectric focusing, suggested that the other bands, which have not previously been reported, may be additional forms of the C-III protein, differing only in their content of sialic acid.     

Manganese peroxidase isoenzymes produced by Pleurotus ostreatus grown on wood sawdust

The white rot basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus produces two manganese peroxidase (MnP) isoenzymes when grown in solid stationary conditions on poplar sawdust, whereas a lower production of these same enzymes is observed on fir sawdust. Addition of Mn(2+) to poplar culture resulted in a threefold increase of MnP activity; the same addition to fir culture was able to increase tenfold the MnP production. The two MnP isoenzymes (MnP2 and MnP3) were purified from P. ostreatus poplar culture. The isoenzymes differ in their pI values, molecular masses, and N-terminal sequences. MnP3 has the same N-terminal sequence as that of a P. ostreatus MnP previously reported. Both isoenzymes exhibit Mn(2+)-dependent and Mn(2+)-independent peroxidase activities when tested on phenolic substrates. The gene coding for the new isoenzyme MnP2 was cloned and sequenced and the promoter region analyzed. Furthermore, the chromosomal localization of all known P. ostreatus genes was determined.