Effect of fungal fusaric acid on the root and leaf physiology of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seedlings

The impact of fusaric acid (FA) phytotoxin on the physiology of root leaf cells in watermelon seedlings was evaluated. Results revealed that the cell membrane potential treated with FA in 12 h was decreased by 61.9–81.8% compared with untreated controls. FA markedly accelerated the lipid peroxidase activity of watermelon leaves. Malondiadehyde in leaves treated with different concentrations of FA in 24 h was 5.2–11.0 fold as much as control. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity (PAL) in leaves treated with FA was first increased and then decreased. The highest PAL activity was obtained after 6–12 h, which was 7.2–10.5 fold as much as control. Activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) were first increased and then decreased when the seedlings were treated with FA. The highest SOD and POD activities were observed after 12 h and then both declined. The β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase activities in leaves treated with FA were first quickly increased and then declined, the highest activities were found after 12 and 3 h. We concluded that FA strongly inhibited root and leaf cells functions physiologically responsible for fusarium wilt of watermelon.     

不同绿豆品种生育后期叶片衰老的研究

以夏播绿豆品种‘冀绿2号’和‘泰来’为材料,研究其开花至成熟期间主茎开花节叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、酶促防御系统的保护酶SOD、CAT、POD活性和MDA积累量的动态变化规律。结果表明,两品种各功能叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、SOD、CAT活性均在其开花15 d后逐渐下降,但POD活性和MDA含量随着叶片的衰老而升高。虽然两品种叶片衰老的总体变化趋势一致,但衰老进程存在着显著差异。与‘泰来’绿豆相比,‘冀绿2号’各功能叶片衰老过程中SOD、CAT活性下降较慢,叶片功能期持续时间长,生育后期仍能保持相对较高的净光合速率,籽粒产量显著高于‘泰来’绿豆。综合分析表明,在绿豆开花结荚期间,有效控制或延缓开花节叶片的衰老进程,维持叶片生理功能,对籽粒产量形成具有重要作用。     

Comparison of antioxidant responses to cadmium and lead in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza seedlings

Seedlings of mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorrhiza cultured in sand with Hoagland’s nutrient solution were treated with 1 to 30 mM Cd(NO₃)₂ or Pb(NO₃)₂ for 2 months. In all Cd/Pb treatments, the malondialdehyde content increased while the chlorophyll content declined. Peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in roots increased at moderate Cd/Pb concentrations (1–10 mM), whereas decreased at higher concentrations (20–30 mM). Catalase (CAT) activity in roots was inhibited by 1–10 mM Cd but enhanced by 1–10 mM Pb. The activities of POD, SOD and CAT in leaves were less affected by Cd and Pb than in roots. A new SOD and three CAT isoenzymes were induced by Pb. In contrast, no additional SOD and CAT isoenzymes were induced by Cd.     

铅胁迫对黄瓜幼苗抗氧化酶活性及同工酶的影响

采用水培法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,研究铅胁迫对黄瓜幼苗过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及同工酶的影响.结果表明,铅胁迫下黄瓜幼苗地上部POD活性除第5天外均随铅浓度的增加而逐渐降低,POD同工酶谱带和表达量减少.在0～500 mg·L^-1铅浓度范围内,SOD活性随铅浓度的增加而增加,第7天达到最大值后急剧下降,低于同期对照值,900 mg·L^-1铅处理SOD活性随时间的延长逐步降低,SOD酶谱带和表达量与铅浓度呈负相关.CAT酶谱带无明显变化,而表达量存在差异.     

鸳鸯茉莉花色变化过程中的生理生化特性研究

以3年生鸳鸯茉莉(Brunfelsia acuminata Benth.)5个不同花期(花蕾期、初开期、全开期、过渡期、末花期)的花瓣为试材,研究其开花过程中花瓣的色度值、类黄酮、类胡萝卜素、花色苷含量、细胞p H值以及相关酶活性的变化,并分析各指标之间的相关性。结果显示,除全开期外,其它4个时期各色度值变化不明显,初开期、全开期和过渡期,明亮参数L值逐渐增大,红绿参数a值、黄蓝参数b值和彩度C值急剧降低;类黄酮含量在过渡期最低,其它阶段无显著差异;类胡萝卜素含量变化呈上升-下降-稳定的趋势,全开期达到最高;花色苷含量则随开花进程不断下降,花蕾期最高;花蕾期、初开期、全开期的SOD活性变化不显著,过渡期时显著升高,末花期又迅速回落到最低值;POD活性不断上升,末花期为花蕾期的28.73倍;CAT活性前期变化不显著,末花期时有一定幅度的升高;花瓣色度各指标、花色苷含量、上述酶的活性、p H值等几个参数间均存在极显著相关性,但SOD活性、类胡萝卜素、类黄酮与所有参数的相关性均不显著。研究结果表明花色苷是影响鸳鸯茉莉花色变化的决定性代谢产物,POD和CAT活性是调节花色苷降解速率的主要抗氧化酶。     

高温对水稻开花期剑叶抗氧化酶活性及基因表达的影响

以杂交水稻‘Ⅱ优838’为研究材料,检测了高温胁迫下‘Ⅱ优838’开花期剑叶中叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性及SOD、CAT、POD基因的表达水平。结果显示,高温胁迫使‘Ⅱ优838’剑叶中叶绿素含量及叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量的比值(Chl a/Chl b)降低且下降幅度显著低于‘冈优725’(对照);SOD和POD活性增高且增幅显著大于‘冈优725’,但CAT活性降低且降幅显著小于‘冈优725’;热胁迫使‘Ⅱ优838’剑叶中SOD、CAT和POD基因的表达量显著增加。说明‘Ⅱ优838’在开花期遭遇高温胁迫后能保持较高的光合效率,并通过提高抗氧化保护酶的基因表达水平以维持较高的活性来应答高温胁迫,这为深入剖析水稻高温胁迫下的生理反应和适应机理提供了参考。     

Dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase play an important role in scavenging hydrogen peroxide during natural and artificial dehydration of Jatropha curcas seeds

Changes in H₂O₂ and the main antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR), in endospermic and embryonic tissues were studied in developing and artificially dried Jatropha curcas seeds. Immature seeds were desiccation-tolerant at 80 days after flowering, as they were able to germinate fully after artificial drying on silica gel had reduced their water content to 10–12% of fresh weight. In both endospermic and embryonic tissues, H₂O₂ level and, consequently, lipid peroxide content, decreased during seed development as well as after artificial dehydration of developing seeds. All examined antioxidant enzymes except DHAR showed a decrease in total activity in mature stages as compared with early stages. Expression analysis of SOD genes revealed that the decrease in total SOD activities was related to the decrease in Cu/Zn-SOD expression, while the continuous activity of SOD during maturation was related to an increase in Mn-SOD expression. Artificial drying resulted in increased SOD and DHAR activity, irrespective of the developmental stage. Our results revealed weak participation of CAT and APX in H₂O₂ scavenging, as well as no significant alterations in GR activities either during maturation or after artificial drying. Changes in SOD and GR isoenzyme patterns occurred during maturation-related drying, but not after artificial drying. These results highlight the role of ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes (DHAR and GR) in H₂O₂ scavenging during maturation or after artificial drying of developing J. curcas seeds.     

蚜虫(Aphis medicaginis Koch)危害胁迫对不同苜蓿品种体内丙二醛含量及防御性酶活性的影响

研究了蚜虫危害胁迫后不同抗蚜性苜蓿品种叶片内丙二醛含量及防御性酶活性的动态变化。结果表明：在蚜虫刺吸诱导的过程中,高感品种的MDA含量始终高于高抗品种,并且高感和高抗品种均保持上升的趋势;高感品种的SOD、POD和PAL活性始终低于高抗品种,其中高感和高抗品种的SOD和POD活性均表现先上升后下降的趋势,而PAL活性上升到高峰后均趋于稳定;CAT活性在高感和高抗品种间表现为交替的上升下降;高抗品种的PPO活性前期低于高感品种,而后期高于高感品种。由此可见,在蚜虫危害胁迫下,高感和高抗品种间MDA、SOD、POD、PAL和PPO活性的变化与苜蓿的抗蚜性密切相关,均可作为苜蓿抗蚜性鉴定的生理指标,而CAT活性变化与苜蓿抗蚜性的联系有待进一步研究。     

不同时期套袋对幸水梨果实品质、石细胞发育及其相关酶活性变化的影响

以幸水梨为试材分不同时期进行套袋处理,采集各个发育时期的果实,对其果实品质、石细胞团的密度、大小、含量及几种相关酶活性进行了分析.结果表明:(1)不同时期套袋后,幸水梨的硬度、可滴定酸含量均比对照显著增加,可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖含量以及单果重均有不同程度的降低.(2)不同时期套袋果的石细胞含量显著低于对照;与对照果相比套袋果果实表面光洁,果点小而稀,外观品质明显改善.(3)果实石细胞团的密度在幼果期较高,随着果实的发育膨大,密度逐渐减小,成熟前1个月左右基本稳定,石细胞团的纵横径随果实发育先逐渐增大而后减小,石细胞含量也表现出先增加后减少的趋势,在花后第49 d达到最大值.(4)果实内苯丙氨酸解氨酶在果实发育初期的活性较高,随着果实发育逐渐降低;多酚氧化酶活性变化与苯丙氨酸解氨酶相似;过氧化物酶活性随果实的生长呈现先上升后下降的趋势,其活性峰值在盛花后第28 d,其后缓慢下降.(5)不同时期套袋处理后,苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶以及多酚氧化酶活性整体上均比对照降低,与石细胞含量呈正相关关系.     

糜子根系与旗叶协同衰老的生理生化机理研究

以榆糜3号糜子为试验材料,测定了拔节至成熟期糜子根系与旗叶生长指标、保护酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量等变化,初步分析了其根系与旗叶协同衰老的生理生化机制.结果表明:从拔节期到成熟期,糜子根系活性、表面积和干物质重,旗叶绿叶面积和干物质重,以及根系与旗叶的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势,并均在拔节后34~41 d(籽粒灌浆前期~中期)达到最大值;根系与旗叶的可溶性蛋白质含量逐渐降低,而丙二醛(MDA)含量却持续大幅度上升;糜子旗叶的保护酶(SOD、CAT、POD)活性、可溶性蛋白含量始终极显著高于同期根系,而其MDA含量却始终极显著低于同期根系.研究发现,在糜子生育后期,其光合产物分配中心转移,造成根系和旗叶中光合产物亏缺;同时其旗叶和根系中保护酶活性逐渐降低,清除活性氧的能力减弱,引起细胞内活性氧积累和膜氧化伤害逐渐加重,最终导致植株逐渐衰老;在植株衰老过程中,根系与叶片衰老密切相关,并且根系抗氧化酶的活性相对较弱.     

Physiological and biochemical responses induced by lead stress in Spirodela polyrhiza

The effects of increasing lead concentration on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxides (POD) and catalase (CAT), levels of ascorbate (AsA), reduced glutathione (GSH), Pb accumulation and its influence on nutrient elements, polyamines (PAs) content, as well as activities of polyamine oxidase (PAO) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), were investigated in Spirodela polyrhiza. POD and CAT activities increased progressively followed by a decline, while SOD activity gradually fell. The effect of Pb application on AsA content was similar to that seen for POD and CAT activities. GSH content initially rose but then declined. A significant enhancement in Pb accumulation was observed, except in the 25?μM Pb treatments. Nutrient elements were also affected. Moreover, Pb stress induced a considerable decrease in total spermidine (Spd), while the levels of total putrescine (Put) and spermine (Spm) initially increased at 25?μM Pb but then declined. Free and perchloric acid soluble conjugated (PS-conjugated) PAs contents changed in a similar way to total PAs. In addition, Pb stress induced a continuous accumulation of perchloric acid insoluble bound (PIS-bound) Spm and an initial accumulation of PIS-bound Put and Spd. The ratio of free (Spd?+?Spm)/Put significantly declined whereas the ratio of total (Spd?+?Spm)/Put rose at low Pb concentrations (25 and 50?μM). PAO activity rose gradually with an increase in Pb concentration, reaching peak values at 100?μM, while ODC activity first increased at 25?μM Pb and then declined. The results indicated that the tolerance of S. polyrhiza to Pb stress was enhanced by activating the antioxidant system, preventing the entry of the Pb ion and altering the content of polyamines.     

几种昆虫体内保护酶系统活力的研究

菜粉蝶(Pieris rapae)体内存在着超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶POD)等保护酶系统,SOD活力水平与虫龄关系密切。溴氰菊酯处理菜粉蝶后10分钟,SOD、CAT及POD的活力水平均高于正常虫体。溴氰菊酯处理褐边绿刺蛾 (Parasa consocia) 和褐刺蛾 (Thoseapastornata)后,中毒的虫体内SOD及CAT活力随着中毒程度加重而逐渐上升,接近死亡时又急剧下降;未中毒的活虫体内SOD及CAT活力水平比对照活虫为高,表明与昆虫耐药性有关。在褐边绿刺蛾和褐刺蛾体内未测得POD。     

The Distribution and Cooperation of Antioxidant (Iso)enzymes and Antioxidants in Different Subcellular Compartments in Maize Leaves during Water Stress

The effects of mild water stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)] and their isoenzymes and the antioxidant content [ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH)] of different subcellular compartments were investigated in maize. For each subcellular compartment, the activities of almost all isoenzymes resolved on native PAGE increased after 4–12 h of exposure to water stress and declined after that, showing concomitant changes with the activities of their respective total enzymes and the antioxidant content. For each subcellular compartment, at least one isoform for the detected antioxidant enzymes was resolved, but different kinds of antioxidant isoenzymes in different subcellular compartments had different responses to water stress. The relative contribution of Fe–SOD in chloroplasts and Mn–SOD in mitochondria was higher than that in other subcellular compartments. However, in apoplasts the activities of Mn–SOD and Fe–SOD declined during the process of water stress, in contrast to those located in other subcellular compartments. The results from the activities of antioxidant (iso)enzymes demonstrated that all antioxidant enzymes in all subcellular compartments were mobilized in cooperation and responded synchronously under mild water stress, with the same trend of changes in their activity. This indicated their orchestrated effects in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ. Additionally, the results suggested that mitochondria and apoplasts, responding most actively, might be targets for improving plant performance under mild water stress.     

模拟UV-B辐射增强条件下灯盏花居群的生理差异及其遗传背景

在温室条件下,研究了模拟UV-B辐射（280～320 nm）增强对6个灯盏花居群的类黄酮、丙二醛(MDA)含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响及其种内差异,并利用ISSR分子标记技术对灯盏花居群进行遗传背景分析.结果表明：在UV-B辐射增强条件下,灯盏花D01、D53、D63和D65居群在成苗期、盛花期和成熟期的类黄酮含量均显著增加,成苗期与盛花期MDA含量显著降低;而D47和D48居群3个生育期的MDA含量和盛花期类黄酮含量均显著增加,成熟期显著降低.D01居群3个生育期的POD、APX活性,成苗期、盛花期CAT活性与盛花期SOD活性均显著升高;D47居群3个生育期的SOD、CAT和APX活性,成熟期POD活性显著下降;D48居群3个生育期的POD、APX活性,成苗期、成熟期的SOD活性均显著下降;D53居群成苗期和盛花期SOD、APX活性,盛花期CAT活性显著增加;D63居群3个生育期的SOD、POD和APX活性均显著上升;D65居群除成熟期的CAT和APX活性没有显著变化外,3个生育期的4种抗氧化酶活性均显著上升.灯盏花居群对UV B辐射增强的响应有明显的种内差异,D01、D53、D63和D65为UV耐性居群,而D47和D48居群的UV敏感性较高.灯盏花居群不同生育期对UV-B辐射的响应为盛花期>成苗期>成熟期.居群间的遗传多样性差异明显,在遗传距离为0.11的水平上,可将D01、D53、D63和D65居群归为一类,D47和D48居群为另一类,这与根据生理响应指数判断的UV耐性与敏感居群的结果基本一致.     

Effects of simulated acid rain on the physiology of carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduvals) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Abstract:  The physiological effect of simulated acid rain sprayed on carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduvals) and host plant, were measured in a series of laboratory trials. We examined potential changes in three kinds of protective enzymes [peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] and three hydrolases [acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and carboxylesterase (CarE)] in response to changes in pH values of simulated acid rain at different time of exposure. POD, SOD and CAT activities increased significantly with the increase in the acidity of the acid rain, reaching the highest levels at pH 4.0 or 3.0, and then declined. Changes in ACP activity were similar to those observed in the protective enzymes. The increasing extent of the activities of these four enzymes after 30 and 45 days treatment became smaller than that after 15 days treatment . ALP activities decreased as pH value declined. There were no significant changes in CarE activities after 15 and 45 days, but that in pH 4.0 and 3.0 decreased after 30 days. The enhanced anti-oxidation enzyme levels (POD, SOD and CAT) and ACP activities in pH 4.0 and 3.0 reduced the effects of these toxic products on mites, resulting in the strengthening of the defensive power, and increase in survival and reproductive power of the mites, thus leading to an increase in the density of mites on host plant. From these results, we inferred that POD, SOD, CAT and ACP might be relevant to population changes of mites under acid rain pressure.     

沙芥种子发育过程中的脱水耐性

以发育过程中经脱水和未脱水处理的沙芥种子为试验材料,测定了其含水量、萌发率和抗氧化酶系统,探讨了沙芥种子脱水耐性与抗氧化系统之间的关系。结果表明：在20～60DAF,沙芥种子含水量逐渐下降,干重逐渐增加;60DAF种子具有萌发能力,萌发率为24％;且脱水可促进沙芥种子的萌发,人工脱水至含水量为12％和5％时,萌发率分别为56％和44％,自然脱水至含水量为12％和5％时,萌发率分别为52％和60％;发育过程中沙芥种子SOD活性逐渐降低,而CAT、POD、LOX活性以及MDA含量均呈上升趋势;在脱水过程中,随着种子含水量的下降SOD活性逐渐降低,CAT和LOX活性逐渐升高,而POD活性呈先降低后升高的变化趋势。脱水后,种子中MDA含量均高于CK。60DAF的沙芥种子已获得脱水耐性。     

波浪冠层栽培模式对高油大豆叶片活性氧代谢和膜脂过氧化的影响

 为探明波浪冠层栽培模式增产增效的机理,为其推广应用提供理论依据,2005～2006年以高油大豆(Glycine max）品种‘鲁豆9号’为试验材料 ,采用大田试验和室内生理生化测定相结合的方法,研究了波浪冠层栽培模式对高油大豆叶片活性氧代谢和膜脂过氧化的影响。结果表明,波浪 冠层群体与对照CK相比,可溶性蛋白质含量平均增加1.56 mg·g^-1,增加0.034％,其中结荚期最多,为9.43 mg·g^-1,增加1.35％,差异达到极 显著水平;可溶性糖含量平均增加了3.82 mg·g^-1,增加7.18％,其中开花期最多,为12.51 mg·g^-1,高达48.41％,差异达到极显著水平。可 溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量的变化更利于C、N代 谢和源、库、流的协调,其中,C代谢改善和提高的水平高于N代谢。保护性酶过氧化物酶 （Peroxidase, POD）活性平均增高20.13％,在结荚期最多,高达46.53%,差异达到极显著水平,POD是关键保护性酶,其保护作用强于超氧化 物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase, SOD）和过氧化氢酶（Catalase, CAT）;SOD活性平均增高2.28％;CAT活性平均增高0.48％;膜脂过氧化 产物丙二醛（Malondialdehype, MDA）含量降低。保护性酶POD、SOD和CAT活性升高,MDA含量降低,作物清除活性氧的能力增强,延缓衰老。 波浪冠层群体与对照保护性酶变化规律一致,即SOD活性高峰出现时期最早,CAT次之,POD最晚,这表明在大豆不同的生育期,不同保护酶分别 发挥着不同程度的保护作用。因此,该栽培模式对大豆活性氧代谢和膜脂过氧化的影响明显,有利于作物高产优质高效目标的实现。     

低温胁迫下喜旱莲子草幼苗膜脂过氧化及保护酶活性的变化

分别在2℃和8℃低温胁迫下,对入侵种喜旱莲子草幼苗抗氧化酶活性进行了研究。与常温28℃的结果相比较,MDA含量、细胞膜透性在8℃条件下变化不明显,2℃处理36h后均显著上升。2℃时SOD、CAT和POD活性在较短时间内(12h)显著升高,随后逐渐下降,CAT活性在48h后受到低温胁迫的严重抑制。8℃处理条件下3种保护酶活性在48h内均有显著升高,但升幅明显小于2℃处理的升幅。8℃低温处理不是抑制而是促进了3种保护酶活性的提高。复温结果显示,8℃低温胁迫的喜旱莲子草幼苗和对照无生长差异,2℃低温胁迫下幼苗表现出形态特征差异。     

Enzymes regulating the accumulation of active oxygen species during the hypersensitive reaction of bean to Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola

Changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC 1.11.1.7) and catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) which regulate the persistence of active oxygen species (AOS) were examined in leaves of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Tendergreen) undergoing compatible and incompatible interactions to race 6 and race 3 strains, respectively, of the halo-blight bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. Resistance of cv. Tendergreen to race 3 is determined by the R3 gene and was expressed by a hypersensitive reaction (HR) which was associated with a rapid increase in lipid peroxidation between 8 and 12 h after inoculation. Five main isoforms of SOD were resolved by native polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis (PAGE). Major changes were found in the activities of the cytosolic Cu, Zn-SOD3 and Cu, ZnSOD5 isoforms, which increased by 6 h after inoculation with race 3, and the possibly peroxisomal MnSOD2 isoform, which decreased rapidly in tissue undergoing the HR. Three further minor isoforms of SOD showed a strong increase in activity during the HR. A low level of extracellular SOD activity was also resolved; two isoforms, one of which increased dramatically in activity during the HR, were detected within intercellular fluids recovered from inoculation sites. Fewer changes in SOD activities were found during the compatible interaction to race 6, and they did not occur until 16 h after inoculation. In tissue around infiltration sites, no decrease in the activity of Mn-SOD2 was observed but slight increases in some other isoforms were found. Four groups of POD isoforms were detected in both 3,3-diaminobenzidine/H₂O₂-and o-dianisidine/H₂O₂-stained PAGE gels. Significant changes in activity were again associated with development of the HR. In particular, by 2 h after inoculation, increases in POD3a, b and c isoforms were detected within total soluble extracts and also in POD3c within intercellular fluids (no other isoform was found in the apoplasm). By contrast, POD1 and POD2 activities generally declined following inoculation. The principal change in activity in tissues surrounding infiltration sites was an increase in POD3 isoforms following inoculation with race 3. Measurements of total activity showed a decrease in CAT activity as early as 2 h after inoculation, followed by a recovery after 8 h and a further decrease as infiltrated tissue collapsed during the HR. A more-gradual decline in CAT activity was observed at sites undergoing the compatible interaction and also in tissue surrounding inoculation sites. The spatial and temporal changes detected in activities of CAT and isoforms of SOD and POD clearly demonstrate the complexity and potential subtlety of control of the production and persistence of AOS in bean following microbial challenge. The generation of AOS through HR-specific, early increases in extra-cellular POD and SOD isoforms is discussed.This work was supported in part by the scientific Research Foundaation (OTKA F 5082), the foundation for Hungarian science, a british council scolership to A.L.A and the U.K. Agricultural and food Reaserch council.     

小菜蛾取食后上海青的保护酶活力变化

上海青遭受小菜蛾取食为害后,0.5小时内叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和总酚含量发生变化。就一天内的变化趋势而言,受害叶片的SOD、CAT、POD、PPO活力和总酚含量总体上比正常叶片低,但在15：00时,正常叶片的SOD、CAT和POD活力最低时,受害叶片的三种酶活力却明显上升,在11：00时,正常叶片PPO活力为最低值时,受害叶片的PPO活力达最高,这可能是过度胁迫造成的,正常叶片的PPO活力与总酚量负相关,但受害叶片不呈现这种关系,此外,受害植株的未受害叶的保护酶活力也不同程度地发生变化,可见上海青对小菜蛾的取食胁迫后保护酶的反应是系统性的。