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褐飞虱生物型研究进展:致害性变异的遗传机制 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
能够“克服”水稻抗性的褐飞虱生物型的出现 ,是目前水稻育种及害虫防治工作中面临的重大难题。为探明褐飞虱生物型的形成机制 ,许多学者致力于生物型致害性的遗传学研究 ,然而得出的结论却不尽一致。该文综述了有关褐飞虱生物型研究中争论较多的 3个方面 ,即生物型致害性的稳定性 ,致害性的遗传机制 ,以及生物型的形成机制 ,并介绍了最新的研究进展 ,展望了该领域的研究方向 相似文献
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稻褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(Stal)在抗虫品种上并非完全不取食,亦并非完全不能完成生长发育,经在抗虫品种上连续多代强迫饲养,其致害性将发生明显的变化,逐渐从不能致害转化为能适应这种抗虫品种。致害性的转化是渐变的,在世代间似有遗传积累。由于抗虫品种抗虫机制及其遗传背景的差异,褐飞虱在不同的抗虫品种上致害性转化的进程和速率亦不同。 相似文献
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不同致害性褐飞虱种群的DNA多态性研究 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
采用RAPD-PCR方法,对分别在水稻品种TN1、Mudgo和ASD7上纯化82代的3个不同致害性褐飞虱种群的基因组DNA多态性进行了分析。从205个RAPD引物中筛选出了具种群特异性的引物10个,结果表明: 尽管未达到统计意义上的显著差异,雌、雄两性试虫种群间的遗传多样性一般高于种群内,种群内的多样性则以未经抗性品种筛选的TN1种群最高。用相似性系数进行类平均距离法聚类,能将同一致害性种群的各个个体与其他致害种群分开,雌、雄虫均无一例外,表明不同致害性种群间存在明显的遗传分化;同时雌、雄两性试虫分别归为2组,提示褐飞虱致害性遗传可能与性染色体连锁。不同致害性种群存在特有条带,有可能用于进一步建立褐飞虱个体致害性检测的分子标记。 相似文献
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【目的】监测我国与越南褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens St?l和白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera Horvath生物型,为抗虫育种工作提供指导。【方法】应用群体集团检测法和蜜露量检测法研究了中国广西、云南、河南、湖南、重庆、贵州和越南河内、河静、顺化、胡志明市和九龙江田间褐飞虱和白背飞虱的致害特性和生物型组成结构。【结果】我国主要稻区(除云南思茅外)和越南中北部的田间褐飞虱以Ⅱ型的比例多,对含Bph1、bph2基因的鉴别品种表现为致害;云南思茅的田间褐飞虱以Ⅱ+Ⅱ型的比例多,对含Bph1、bph2和bph4基因的鉴别品种表现为致害或强致害;越南胡志明市、九龙江的田间褐飞虱以Ⅱ+Ⅱ型的比例多,对含Bph1、bph2、Bph3、bph4基因的鉴别品种主要表现为致害或强致害。我国白背飞虱以Ⅰ型比例较多;越南顺化和河内以Ⅱ型比例多;所有监测点白背飞虱的致害特性总体表现为对含Wph1、Wbph2基因的鉴别品种的致害能力较强,对Wbph3的致害能力表现不一,对含Wph5基因的鉴别品种表现为中等致害。【结论】抗虫育种选择抗源时,不要选含Bph1、bph2基因的水稻品种作为褐飞虱抗源,不要选含基因Wbph1或Wbph2的水稻品种作为白背飞虱抗源。 相似文献
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我国褐飞虱若干地理种群致害性的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
褐飞虱致害性变异是水稻品种抗性利用的一个重要障碍,监测田间种群的致害性对水稻抗虫品种的培育和利用有重要意义。本文采用蜜露量法对采集自云南勐海、贵州遵义和旧州、广西南宁、湖南衡阳以及浙江富阳等6个褐飞虱田间种群对IR26(含Bph1)和IR42(含bph2)的致害性进行了研究,发现勐海种群对IR26、IR42均有较强的致害性,遵义、旧州、南宁和衡阳种群仅对IR26致害性较强,而对IR42相对较弱;富阳种群对IR26、IR42的致害能力均相对较弱。采用SSST法进一步比较了西南稻区云南勐海、贵州遵义和旧州褐飞虱种群对TN1、IR26、Mudgo、ASD7、IR36、IR42、IR56、Rathu Heenati、Ptb33和Babawee等10个水稻品种的致害性,结果表明:勐海种群的致害性最强,主要体现在对Rathu Heenati、IR56、Ptb33等含Bph3基因的致害性显著强于旧州种群和遵义种群;后两者间,除旧州种群对IR36致害性显著较强外,对其他品种的致害性均无显著差异。总体上,处于东南季风带之外、云南西南部的勐海褐飞虱种群致害性明显强于来源于东南季风带之内的5个褐飞虱种群,进一步为我国西南稻区西部与云贵高原东缘及以东地区分属不同的褐飞虱迁飞场提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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褐飞虱和白背飞虱的取食为害对水稻营养生长的影响 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:7
对塑料钵栽培的水稻进行罩宠试验,研究了褐飞虱和白背飞虱在不同若虫密度下取食为害对水稻营养生长的影响.结果表明,两种飞虱的成虫干重、水稻叶面积和其地上部干重因若虫密度的增加而下降.叶片干重占地上部干重的比例和稻株分配给叶片干物质量随为害程度的加重而增大;褐飞虱和白背飞虱总干重(X)与稻株地上部损失量(Y)之间存在着极显著的线性关系.两种飞虱干重每增加1mg,水稻地上部干重则分别损失26.01mg和21.90mg.讨论了稻飞虱取食为害对水稻致害的可能机制. 相似文献
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2006年安庆地区褐飞虱大发生特点及其原因分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2006年褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens Stl大发生的特点主要有:迁入虫量大、回迁峰次明显;短翅型成虫发生早、虫口高;田间种群增长迅速,全市普遍重发,局部暴发;田块间虫口差异大。分析认为导致大发生的主要原因是:丰富的初迁虫源奠定了大发生的基础;褐飞虱生物型变化,食料条件丰富;单季稻面积扩大,从食料和生境2个方面为褐飞虱发生提供利好条件;褐飞虱对主治药剂吡虫啉产生抗性,促进褐飞虱暴发。还就加强异地监测、抗药性监测、田间调查等,提出建议。 相似文献
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有机稻田褐稻虱种群动态及天敌作用分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为组建有机稻田褐稻虱Nilaparvata lugens(Stl)种群生态控制系统,系统调查实施有机耕作1年后褐稻虱种群动态,并应用生命表技术评价自然天敌的作用。结果表明,有机晚稻田中褐稻虱种群发生2个世代。高峰期分别为9月底~10月初、10月下旬,平均百丛达502.3,164.5头,种群增长率为常规稻田的31.76%。水稻移栽后天敌数量迅速回升,有机稻田中蜘蛛、捕食性天敌、寄生性天敌分别比常规稻田增长66.10%,166.67%,44.24%。将各类天敌作用相加,以"捕食及其它"、"寄生"对褐稻虱种群的控制作用最强,其EIPC值均显著高于常规稻田相应天敌因子EIPC。 相似文献
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Muhammad NAEEMULLAH Prem N. SHARMA Chiharu NAKAMURA Makio TAKEDA 《Entomological Science》2004,7(2):139-142
Mechanisms of host plant resistance against insect pests can be manifold. Resistance screenings generally use single target insect pests, but the resistance thus screened may not always be specific to the target insect species. We conducted a test for non‐specific resistance in indica rice varieties with resistance genes against brown planthopper (BPH), by using the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. The test system was very simple, and only required the non‐pest moth to be reared on rice flour. We compared the survival rate, developmental period and adult weight of the moth on three rice varieties: ‘Nipponbare’, a BPH‐susceptible japonica variety, and ‘Thai Collection 11’ and ‘Pokkali’, two resistant indica varieties. Our results were straightforward and demonstrate that resistance in the two resistant rice varieties is not BPH specific, because development of the moth was retarded and adult body weight was reduced. 相似文献
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Jin-cai Wu Jian-xiang Xu Shu-zong Yuan Jing-lan Liu Yong-hou Jiang Jun-feng Xu 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》2001,100(1):119-126
The effects of rice plants treated with various pesticides (jingganmycin, bisultap and methamidophos) on feeding, survival rates and population growth of Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Homoptera: Delphacidae), susceptibility of the treated rice plants and amounts of free amino acids and sucrose were studied. Experiments indicated that the effects of the tested pesticides were dependent on nymphal age, pesticide and their dose and time after application. Jingganmycin at 75 g a.i. ha–1 significantly increased the N. lugens population. Both jingganmycin and bisultap increased the survival rate of N. lugens nymphs. The feeding rate of the insects was also affected by the pesticide application, but the effect varied between nymphal age and time after application and lasted no longer than 15 d. Results clearly indicated that pesticide application increased the susceptibility of rice plants to N. lugens. Although the free amino acids in rice plants did not change with the pesticide treatments, the concentration of sucrose significantly decreased 5 d after application and the C/N ratio significantly decreased in jingganmycin treated plants 5 d and 10 d after application. 相似文献
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Koichi Tanaka 《Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata》1999,90(3):279-287
The virulence of Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Homoptera: Delphacidae) to a resistant variety of rice, Oryza sativa L., is suggested to be under polygenic control. To determine whether the virulence of N. lugens is a quantitative character that has continuous distribution or a threshold character that has a few discontinuous phenotypic forms and is determined by some underlying continuous variable, I examined the frequency distribution of honeydew excretion that has been used as a measure of ability of attacking the rice plants, and the relationship between honeydew excretion and the oviposition rate of N. lugens females using a japonica rice line Saikai 190 which has a resistance gene Bph 1. The frequency distribution in honeydew excretion significantly differed from the normal distribution, but two distributions below and above 10 mg honeydew excretion for two days did not significantly deviate from normality, suggesting a bimodal distribution. There were significant differences in the proportion of females ovipositing and the number of eggs deposited between the female groups that excreted 0–10 mg honeydew and more than 20 mg honeydew. Within these female groups, however, the reproductive performances were not different. Thus, virulence of N. lugens can be analyzed as a threshold character that has two distinct phenotypes, virulent and avirulent. I estimated the heritabilities of the virulence of N. lugens by parent-offspring regression using the percentage of virulent females in a full-sib family. The estimates of heritability were 0.41 on Saikai 190 and 0.55 on ASD7, carrying the bph 2 gene. These results show that the N. lugens population has substantial genetic variation in virulence. The regression coefficients on female and male parents were similar, suggesting similar genetic contributions by both parents. When the parental families were examined on Saikai 190 and the progeny on ASD7, the regression coefficient approached zero. There may be a low genetic correlation between virulences to the two varieties. 相似文献
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十六个水稻品种(系)对褐飞虱的抗虫性评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文通过苗期抗性鉴定、田间抗虫性鉴定、稻田节肢动物功能团优势度比较及产量测定的方法来评价16个水稻品种(系)对褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(Stl)的抗性。结果表明,有12个品种(系)对褐飞虱表现为抗级,2个品系表现为中抗。这14个抗虫-中抗的品种(系)在成株期也表现一定的抗虫性,且与对照TN1之间差异显著。本试验条件下,广占63-3S/华恢15、广两优106、Y58S/华15、广两优476、广占63-4S/华恢15这5个品种(系)不仅抗虫性好,而且产量也较高,分别比TN1和主栽品种扬两优6号高63.49%~66.57%和3.47%~11.57%,具有广泛的开发应用前景。 相似文献
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中晚粳稻区褐飞虱防治策略的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了解二代褐飞虱对粳稻的为害损失,确定合理的防治指标和防治策略,为科学使用噻嗪酮、吡虫啉等药剂防治稻飞虱提供依据,作者在武育粳3号上,通过接不同的虫量,并进行笼罩的方法,研究了二代褐飞虱的增殖规律和为害损失及防治指标。并进行了锐劲特防治不同世代褐飞虱策略试验。结果表明,不同水稻生育期,不同虫口密度的褐飞虱的增长速度不一样;在水稻同一生育期,低密度的增殖速度要大于高密度,但总虫量高密度区显著高于低密度区。二代褐飞虱百丛虫量与水稻产量损失呈极显著正相关( r= 0.9576**),关系式为 y=- 18.3302+ 10. 2892lgx(x为 8月上旬褐飞虱百丛虫量),防治指标为 110-120头。因此,在早发年,迁入量较大的年份必须采取“治二压三控四”的策略,1996-1997年全面推广这一策略,成效显著。 相似文献