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1.
Yunjun Ai Anuradha Singh Craig E. Coleman Thomas R. Ioerger Ahmed Kheyr-Pour Teh-hui Kao 《Sexual plant reproduction》1990,3(2):130-138
Summary We have identified three alleles of the S-locus controlling self-incompatibility and their associated pistil proteins in Petunia inflata, a species that displays monofactorial gametophytic self-incompatibility. These S-allele-associated proteins (S-proteins) are pistil specific, and their levels are developmentally regulated. The amino-terminal sequences determined for the three S-proteins are highly conserved and show considerable homology to those of S-proteins from Petunia hybrida, Nicotiana alata and Lycopersicon peruvianum, three other species of the Solanaceae that also exhibit gametophytic self-incompatibility. cDNA clones encoding the three S-proteins were isolated and sequenced. Comparison of their deduced amino acid sequences reveals an average homology of 75.6%, with conserved and variable residue interspersed throughout the protein. Of the 137 conserved residues, 53 are also conserved in the N. alata S-proteins studies so far; of the 64 variable residues, 29 were identified as hypervariable based on calculation of the Similarity Index. There is only one hypervariable region of significant length, and it consists of eight consecutive hypervariable residues. This region correspond approximately to the hypervariable region HV2 identified in N. alata S-proteins. Of the two classes of N. alata S-proteins previously identified, one class exhibits greater homology to the three P. inflata S-proteins reported here than to the other class of N. alata S-proteins. 相似文献
2.
Ahmed Kheyr-Pour Scott B. Bintrim Thomas R. Ioerger Rene Remy Scott A. Hammond Tehhui Kao 《Sexual plant reproduction》1990,3(2):88-97
Summary In order to study the extent and nature of differences among various S-allele-associated proteins in N. alata, we carried out comparative studies of seven such proteins. We first isolated and sequenced cDNA clones for the Sz-, SF11-, S1-, and Sa-alleles, and then we compared the deduced amino acid sequences both of these four S-proteins and of three previously published S2-, S3-, and S6-proteins. This comparison revealed (1) an average homology of 53.8% among the seven proteins and (2) two homology classes, with Sz and SF11 in one class and S1, S2, S3, and S6 in the other class. There are 60 conserved residues, including 9 cysteines. Of the 144 variable residues, 50 were identified as hypervariable based on a calculation of their Similarity Indices. Although conserved, variable, and hypervariable residues are dispersed throughout the protein, some are clustered to form five conserved, five hypervariable, and a number of variable regions. Those variable sites which contain residues conserved within one class of S-proteins but different between classes might provide a clue to the evolutionary relationship of these two classes of S-proteins. The hypervariable residues, which account for sequence variability, may contribute to allelic specificity. 相似文献
3.
Summary We present a sequence comparison of 12 S-allele-associated proteins from three solanaceous species with gametophytic self-incompatibility: Nicotiana alata, Petunia inflata, and Solanum chacoense. The allelic variants of the S-protein exhibit a very high degree of sequence diversity consistent with their function as recognition molecules. We identify 41 perfectly conserved residues, 18 of which are also conserved in two fungal ribonucleases, RNase T2 and RNase Rh. The residues conserved in both the S-proteins and the ribonucleases include two histidines essential for catalysis, four cysteines involved in disulfide bridges, and hydrophobic residues probably involved in the core structure of the proteins. This conservation between the two ribonucleases and the 12 divergent S-proteins confirms the previously recognized similarity between 3 more closely related N. alata S-proteins and these ribonucleases, and argues strongly for the functional importance of the ribonuclease activity of the S-protein in self-incompatibility. We also identify the 19 most variable residues, which are the prime candidates for the S-allele-specificity determinant. Twelve of these nineteen residues are clustered in two regions of hypervariability, designated HVa and HVb, which are also the most prominent hydrophilic regions of the S-protein. We suggest that these two regions might form parts of the putative pollen recognition site. Identification of these structural features forms a foundation for the study of the molecular basis of self-recognition and the biochemical mechanism of inhibition of self-pollen tube growth.On sabbatical leave from Biotechnology Center, General Foods USA, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA 相似文献
4.
Summary We identified two S-allele-associated proteins (S-proteins) in a self-compatible cultivar of Petunia hybrida based on their segregation in F1 hybrids between P. hybrida and its self-incompatible relative, Petunia inflata (with S2S2 genotype), and in selfed progeny of P. hybrida. These two S-proteins, designated Sx-protein (24 kDa) and So- protein (31 kDa), are pistil specific, and their expression follows a temporal and spatial pattern similar to that of S-proteins characterized in self-incompatible solanaceous species. Their amino-terminal sequences also share a high degree of similarity with those of solanaceous S-proteins. Selfing of P. hybrida yielded plants with SoSo, SxSo, and SxSx genotypes in an approximately 1:2:1 ratio, indicating that the Sx- and So-alleles, though expressed in the pistil, failed to elicit a self-incompatibility response. The S2-allele of P. inflata is expressed in all the F1 hybrids, rendering them capable of rejecting pollen bearing the S2-allele. The So-allele is not functional in the F1 hybrids, because all the F1 progeny with S2So genotype are self-compatible. However, in F1 hybrids with S2Sx genotype, approximately half are self-incompatible and half are self-compatible, indicating that the function of the Sx-allele depends on the genetic background. These results strongly suggest that the presence of functional S-alleles alone is not sufficient for expression of a self-incompatibility phenotype, and reaffirm the multigenic nature of gametophytic self-incompatibility suggested by earlier genetic studies. 相似文献
5.
Summary Pistil proteins associated with three different S-alleles of the self-incompatibility locus (S locus) in Solanum chacoense have been identified which cosegregated with their respective S alleles in a series of genetic crosses involving six S. chacoense plants, their F1 progeny, and backcrosses. The molecular weights of these three S-allele-associated proteins, designated S1 S2, and S3, were 29 kDa, 30 kDa, and 31 kDa, respectively. They were all basic proteins with a similar pI of approximately 8.6. They have been found only in the stigma and style of the pistil where their maximum synthesis was reached at one day before anthesis. Their rate of synthesis in both self- and cross-pollinated pistils was the same as that in the unpollinated pistil until 2 days after pollination.On sabbatical leave from Laboratoire de Genetique et Physiologie du Developpement des Plantes, C.N.R.S., F-91190 Gifsur-Yvette, France 相似文献
6.
Characterization of Ribonuclease Activity of Three S-Allele-Associated Proteins of Petunia inflata 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
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Three S-allele-associated proteins (S-proteins) of Petunia inflata, a species with gametophytic self-incompatibility, were previously found to share sequence similarity with two fungal ribonucleases, RNase T2 and RNase Rh. In this study, the S-proteins from P. inflata plants of S1S2 and S2S3 genotypes were purified to homogeneity by gel filtration and cation-exchange chromatography, and their enzymatic properties were characterized. The three S-proteins (S1, S2, and S3), with pairwise sequence identity ranging from 73.1 to 80.5%, were similar in most of the enzymatic properties characterized. The ribonuclease activity had a pH optimum of 7.0 and a temperature optimum of 50°C. Diethylpyrocarbonate at 1 millimolar almost completely abolished the ribonuclease activity; cupric sulfate and zinc sulfate at 1 millimolar reduced the ribonuclease activity of the three S-proteins by 50 to 75%. EDTA and RNasin had no inhibitory effect. All three S-proteins hydrolyzed polycytidylic acid preferentially, but varied in their nucleolytic activity toward polyadenylic acid and polyuridylic acid. 相似文献
7.
Sequence of an S-protein of Lycopersicon peruvianum and comparison with other solanaceous S-proteins
D. -S. Tsai H. -S. Lee L. C. Post K. M. Kreiling Teh-hui Kao 《Sexual plant reproduction》1992,5(4):256-263
Summary cDNA clones for an S-allele, designated S5, of the self-incompatibility locus (S-locus) of Lycopersicon peruvianum have been isolated by probing a pistil cDNA library with cDNAs for S-alleles of Petunia inflata and Solanum chacoense. The longest S5-cDNA is 869 bp and contains an open reading frame of 217 amino acids. An alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence of S5-protein with that of the 18 S-proteins from five other solanaceous species is presented. Sequence comparison further refines the primary structural features of the S-proteins previously revealed from comparison of subsets of these sequences. Based on this comparison and evidence presented elsewhere, it is proposed that accumulation of point mutations, and not intragenic recombination, is responsible for the generation of new allelic specificities. 相似文献
8.
Apple exhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) that is controlled by the multiallelic S-locus. This S-locus encodes
polymorphicS ribonuclease (S-RNase) for the pistil-part 5 determinant. Information aboutS-genotypes is important when selecting pollen donors for fruit production and breeding of new cultivars. We determined the
5-genotypes of ‘Charden’ (S2S3S4), ‘Winesap’ (S1S28), ‘York Imperial’ (S2S31), ‘Stark Earliblaze’ (S1S28), and ‘Burgundy’ (S20S32), byS-RNase sequencing and S-allele-specific PCR analysis. Two newS-RNases, S31 and S32, were also identified from ‘York Imperial’ and ‘Burgundy’, respectively. These newS-alleles contained the conserved eight cysteine residues and two histidine residues essential for RNase activity. Whereas
S31 showed high similarity to S20 (94%), S32 exhibited 58% (to S24) to 76% (to S25) similarity in the exon regions. We designed newS-allele-specific primers for amplifying S31- and S32-RNasc-specific fragments; these can serve as specific gene markers. We also rearranged the apple S-allele numbers containing
those newS-RNases. They should be useful, along with anS-RNase-based PCR system, in determining S-genotypes and analyzing new alleles from apple cultivars. 相似文献
9.
A defective S-allele, S
0, and a functional S-allele, S
x, have previously been found to be retained in an F1 hybrid of a self-compatible commercial cultivar of Petunia hybrida. Pistil proteins associated with these two alleles have also been identified. Their amino-terminal sequences have been found to share a high degree of similarity with those of S-proteins characterized from self-incompatible solanaceous species. Here we report the isolation and sequencing of cDNAs encoding S
0- and S
x-proteins. Their deduced amino acid sequences contain all the consensus primary structural features of S-proteins from self-incompatible solanaceous species. Both proteins also have ribonuclease activity. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the presumed function of the S-protein in the self-incompatibility interaction. 相似文献
10.
In this study, the tissue printing technique has been used to rapidly localize in female tissues the presence of specific mRNA representing the products (or some of the products) of the self-incompatibility S-locus gene(s). The methodology, initially developed for Brassica oleracea (sporophytic self-incompatibility) has been successfully employed on Solanum chacoense (gametophytic self-incompatibility). In the Brassica system tissue printing has allowed rapid discrimination between S alleles belonging to class 1 (dominant types) vs. class 2 (recessive types), and thus parallels findings obtained by restriction analyses. In the Solanum system the level of the S-RNase messages was analysed by scanning laser densitometry, and it was found that the message levels of the allele S14 declined faster than those coming from S13 in mature flowers. 相似文献
11.
Sequence variability and gene structure at the self-incompatibility locus of Solanum tuberosum 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Helgard Kaufmann Francesco Salamini Richard D. Thompson 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1991,226(3):457-466
Summary Allelic complexity is a key feature of self-incompatibility (S) loci in gametophytic plants. We describe in this report the allelic diversity and gene structure of the S locus in Solanum tuberosum revealed by the isolation and characterization of genomic and cDNA clones encoding S-associated major pistil proteins from three alleles (S
1, S
r1, S
2). Genomic clones encoding the S1 and S2 proteins provide evidence for a simple gene structure: Two exons are separated by a small intron of 113 (S
1) and 117 by (S
2). Protein sequences deduced from cDNA clones encoding S1 and Sr1 proteins show 95% homology. 15 of the 25 residues that differ between these S
1and S
r1alleles are clustered in a short hypervariable protein segment (amino acid positions 44–68), which corresponds in the genomic clones to DNA sequences flanking the single intron. In contrast, these alleles are only 66% homologous to the S
2allele, with the residues that differ between the alleles being scattered throughout the sequence. DNA crosshybridization experiments identify a minimum of three classes of potato S alleles: one class contains the alleles S
1, S
r1and S
3, the second class S
2and an allele of the cultivar Roxy, and the third class contains at present only S
4. It is proposed that these classes reflect the origin of the S alleles from a few ancestral S sequence types. 相似文献
12.
Summary
S-alleles of self-incompatibility were isolated from a wild population of Brassica campestris growing at Balcesme, Turkey. Out of 88 plants observed, 73 were self-incompatible and 4 were self-compatible. In certain families, selfed progenies from a self-incompatible plant segregated into fewer than three incompatibility classes, which is consistent with a one-locus sporophytic genetic control of self-incompatibility. Out of 25 combinations of S-alleles tested, dominance interactions were observed in 6 of them on the pollen side and on 5 of them on the stigma side. The 35 S-homozygotes thus isolated consisted of 18 independent S-alleles. The number of S-alleles in this population was estimated to be more than 30. The S-locus glycoproteins (SLGs) corresponding to the respective S-alleles were identified by iso-electric focusing (IEF)-gel immunoblotting with a polyclonal antiserum against SLG8. SLGs in a stigma were generally composed of several bands, one major and a few minor ones, whose molecular weight was similar to each other, and the major and minor bands were heritable in correlation with each other. SDS-PAGE analysis of SLGs differentiated a few juxtaposed bands between 50 and 60 kDa, and the variations in these bands were considered to be due to differences in the number of polysaccharide residues. General features of the variation of S-genes and their SLGs between the populations in Balcesme, Turkey and Oguni, Japan, were comparatively similar to one another, despite the different surroundings and history of these populations. 相似文献
13.
14.
Mare K. Saba-El-Leil Sylvain Rivard David Morse Mario Cappadocia 《Plant molecular biology》1994,24(4):571-583
A genomic clone of the S11 allele from the self-incompatibility locus (S locus) in Solanum chacoense Bitt. has been isolated by cross-hybridization to the S. chacoense S13 allele and sequenced. The sequence of the S11 allele contains all the features expected for S genes of the Solanaceae, and S11 expression, as assessed by northern blots and RNA-PCR, was similar to that of other S. chacoense S alleles. The S11 protein sequence shares 95% identity with the phenotypically distinct S13 protein of S. chacoense and is the gametophytic S allele with the highest similarity to an existing allele so far discovered. Only 10 amino acid changes differentiate the mature proteins from these two alleles, which sets a new lower limit to the number of changes that can produce an altered S allele specificity. The amino acid substitutions are not clustered, suggesting that an accumulation of random point mutations can generate S allele diversity. The S11 intron is unusual in that it could be translated in frame with the coding sequence, thus suggesting an additional mechanism for the generation of new S alleles. 相似文献
15.
S. Kurup J. P. Ride Nick Jordan Georgina Fletcher Vernonica E. Franklin-Tong F. Christopher H. Franklin 《Sexual plant reproduction》1998,11(4):192-198
The primary goal of this study was to identify, clone and analyse new S-gene sequences in order to provide a basis for identifying amino acid residues that confer S-allele specificity. Three new putative S-alleles from Papaver rhoeas and Papaver nudicaule were identified using immunological and PCR methods. cDNAs encoding full-length open reading frames of the P. rhoeas
S
8 and P. nudicaule
Sn
1 genes were isolated. Nucleotide sequencing of these cDNAs, together with the partial S
7 sequence obtained by PCR, was used to derive the corresponding amino acid sequences. It is of interest that the P. nudicaule Sn1 sequence, which is the first S-allele isolated from another species of Papaver, shares a closer sequence identity to the P. rhoeas S3 amino acid sequence than S3 does to S1 from P. rhoeas. The identity of the S8 allele was confirmed by expressing the coding region in Escherichia coli and demonstrating that the recombinant protein, designated S8e, specifically inhibited S
8 pollen in an in vitro bioassay.
Information from sequence analysis of the S8, Sn1 and partial S7 amino acid sequences revealed important information about Papaver S-proteins. It confirmed previous observations based on only two S-alleles, that whilst exhibiting a high degree of amino acid sequence polymorphism ranging from 51.3% to 63.7%, these molecules
probably share very similar secondary structures. These studies also revealed that, in contrast to the S-proteins from the
Solanaceae and Brassica, amino acid sequence variation is not found in hypervariable blocks, but instead, is found throughout the S-proteins, interspersed
with numerous short strictly conserved segments.
Received: 16 March 1998 / Revision accepted: 19 May 1998 相似文献
16.
Detection and inheritance of stylar ribonucleases associated with incompatibility alleles in apricot 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Stylar proteins were surveyed by non-equilibrium pH gradient electrofocusing to identify S-RNases associated with gametophytic
self-incompatibility in nine apricot cultivars. RNase activities associated with the alleles of incompatibility S
1
, S
2
, S
5
, and S
6
and with the allele of compatibility Sc were clearly identified. Two other bands that we considered related to the alleles S
3
and S
4
were unique to cultivars Sunglo and Harcot, respectively. Two generations of 17 seedlings from the cross Moniquí× Pepito
and 38 from Gitano × Pepito were used to determine the inheritance of the S-RNases. Inheritance of these RNase bands followed
the expected segregation ratios and the band combinations correlated perfectly with the known self-incompatibility status
of the seedlings determined after self-pollination and observation of pollen tube growth. All evidence presented in this study
strongly suggests that RNases are associated with gametophytic self-incompatibility of apricot and that RNases may be the
S-gene products. This is the first report identifying S-RNases and describing the inheritance of these S-RNases in apricot.
Received: 19 February 1998 / Revision accepted: 2 April 1998 相似文献
17.
Chao Gu Shao-Ling Zhang Shao-Xi Huang Wei Heng Qing-Zhong Liu Hua-Qing Wu Jun Wu 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2009,6(4):579-590
Self-incompatibility has been studied extensively at the molecular level in Solanaceae, Rosaceae, and Scrophulariaceae, all
of which exhibit gametophytic self-incompatibility. In the present study, we successfully isolated nine S-RNase alleles from cultivars of Chinese cherry by PCR amplification from genomic DNA and stylar cDNA combining with cleaved amplified
polymorphic sequence marker. Analysis of amino acid sequences revealed five novel S-alleles, S
2
, S
4
, S
6
, S
8
, and S
9
, with respective accession numbers in the NCBI database of EF541168, EF541173, EF541172, FJ628598, and FJ628599. Results
showed that “Dongtang” and “Yinzhu” contained six S-alleles (S
1
, S
3
, S
5
, S
7
, S
8
, and S
9
); “Taishanganying” contained four S-alleles (S
1
, S
2
, S
4
, and S
6
); “Daiba”, “Dayingzui”, and “Xiaomizi” contained four S-alleles (S
1
, S
2
, S
5
, and S
8
); “Laiyangduanzhi”, “Shuangquanchangba”, and “Daqingye” contained three S-alleles (S
1
, S
2
, and S
8
). It is interesting that different cultivars collected from the same place hold the same S-genotypes. Moreover, pollination tests and pollen tube growth assays showed that nine cultivars were self-compatible. Chinese
cherry presented in this article are naturally polyploidy, which is a very useful material for the study of self-compatibility,
and much of this information will be valuable for further work on self-(in)compatibility of fruit tree in Rosaceae. 相似文献
18.
Y. Kowyama C. Kunz I. Lewis E. Newbigin A. E. Clarke M. A. Anderson 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1994,88(6-7):859-864
A series of crosses between a naturally-occurring self-compatible accession ofLycopersicon peruvianum and a closely-related self-incompatible accession were used to demonstrate that the mutation to self-compatibility is located at the S-locus. Progeny of the crosses contain abundant style proteins of about 30 kDa that segregate with the S6and S7-alleles from the SI parent and the Sc-allele from the SC parent. The S6and S7-associated proteins have ribonuclease activity whereas the Sc-associated protein is not an active ribonuclease. This finding indicates that S-RNases are determinants of self-incompatibility in the style and that the ribonuclease activity is essential for their function. 相似文献
19.
Petunia inflata, a species with gametophytic self-incompatibility, has previously been found to contain a large number of ribonucleases in the pistil. The best characterized of the pistil ribonucleases are the products of the S alleles, the S proteins, which are thought to be involved in self-incompatibility interactions. Here we report the characterization of a gene encoding another pistil ribonuclease of P. inflata, RNase X2. Degenerate oligonucleotides, synthesized based on the amino-terminal sequence of RNase X2, were used as probes to isolate cDNA clones, one of which was in turn used as a probe to isolate genomic clones containing the gene for RNase X2, rnx2. The deduced amino acid sequence of RNase X2 shows 42% to 71% identity to the 20 solanaceous S proteins reported so far, with the highest degree of similarity being to S3 and S6 proteins of Nicotiana alata. The cDNA sequence predicts a leader peptide of 22 amino acids, suggesting that RNase X2, like S proteins, is an extracellular ribonuclease. Also, similar to the S gene, rnx2 is expressed only in the pistil, and contains a single intron comparable in size and identical in location to that of the S gene. However, rnx2 is not linked to the S locus, and, in contrast to the highly polymorphic S gene, it is monomorphic. The possible biological function of RNase X2 is discussed. 相似文献
20.
Identification of self-incompatibility genotypes of almond by allele-specific PCR analysis 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
M. Tamura K. Ushijima H. Sassa H. Hirano R. Tao T. M. Gradziel A. M. Dandekar 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,101(3):344-349
In almond, gametophytic self-incompatibility is controlled by a single multiallelic locus (S-locus). In styles, the products of S-alleles are ribonucleases, the S-RNases. Cultivated almond in California have four predominant S-alleles (S
a, S
b, S
c, S
d). We previously reported the cDNA cloning of three of these alleles, namely S
b, S
c and S
d. In this paper we report the cloning and DNA sequence analysis of the S
a allele. The Sa-RNase displays approximately 55% similarity at the amino-acid level with other almond S-RNases (Sb, Sc, and Sd) and this similarity was lower than that observed among the Sb, Sc and Sd-RNases. Using the cDNA sequence, a PCR-based identification system using genomic DNA was developed for each of the S-RNase
alleles. Five almond cultivars with known self-incompatibility (SI) geno-types were analyzed. Common sequences among four
S-alleles were used to create four primers, which, when used as sets, amplify DNA bands of unique size that corresponded to
each of the four almond S-alleles; S
a (602 bp), S
b (1083 bp), S
c (221 bp) and S
d (343 bp). All PCR products obtained from genomic DNA isolated from the five almond cultivars were cloned and their DNA sequence
obtained. The nucleotide sequence of these genomic DNA fragments matched the corresponding S-allele cDNA sequence in every case. The amplified products obtained for the S
a- and S
b-alleles were both longer than that expected for the coding region, revealing the presence of an intron of 84 bp in the S
a-allele and 556 bp in the S
b-allele. Both introns are present within the site of the hypervariable region common in S-RNases from the Rosaceae family
and which may be important for S specificity. The exon portions of the genomic DNA sequences were completely consistent with the cDNA sequence of the corresponding
S-allele. A useful application of these primers would be to identify the S-genotype of progeny in a breeding program, new varieties in an almond nursery, or new grower selections at the seedling stage.
Received: 21 June 1999 / Accepted: 15 November 1999 相似文献