人血小板生成素 cDNA 合成、克隆及序列测定

利用ＲＴ-ＰＣＲ方法从中国人胎肝总ＲＮＡ中扩增出人血小板生成素（ｈＴＰＯ）的ｃＤＮＡ。序列分析结果表明,我们所获得的ｈＴＰＯｃＤＮＡ与文献报道中的基因序列高度同源,其中第４９７ｂｐ、５９５ｂｐ、７６７ｂｐ和７９５ｂｐ位碱基分别由Ｔ、Ｇ、Ｔ和Ｔ代替了文献中的Ｇ、Ａ、Ｇ和Ｃ,从而导致了１６６、１９９和２５６位氨基酸由报道中的Ｓｅｒ、Ｌｙｓ和Ｇｌｙ变为Ｐｈｅ、Ｇｌｕ和Ｖａｌ。     

黑子南瓜甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶基因的克隆及序列分析

依据国外报道的南瓜甘油－３－磷酸转酰酶（ＧＰＡＴ）基因的ｃＤＮＡ序列合成相应引物,用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术,成功地分离了黑子南瓜（Ｃｕｃｕｒｂｉｔａｆｉｃｉｆｏｌｉａ）ＧＰＡＴ基因的ｃＤＮＡ片段,并亚克隆到了ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体系统的多克隆位点上,序列分析表明黑子南瓜ＧＰＡＴ基因的ｃＤＮＡ序列及递推的氨基酸序列与南瓜（Ｃｕｃｕｒｂｉｔａｍｏｓｃｈａｔａ）相比分别具有９８％和９６５％的同源性。在１１８８ｂｐ中有２２个核苷酸发生变化,导致１３个氨基酸的改变     

粘虫核型多角体病毒凋亡抑制基因的定位,序列和启动子结构

以ＡｃＮＰＶ凋亡抑制基因ｐ３５为探针,与ＬｓＮＰＶＤＮＡ的限制性片段和ＬｓＮＰＶＤＮＡＥｃｏＲＶ片段杂交,发现ＥｃｏＲＶ５．５ｋｂ片段有强烈的杂交信号。将此片段亚克隆后,测定了１２４４ｂｐ序列,发现一个完整的ＯＲＦ,推导的３０２个氨基酸与ＡｃＮＰＶｐ３５蛋白有７０．４％的氨基酸同源性,证明所测ＯＲＦ为ＬｓＮＰＶ的ｐ３５基因。结构分析发现其５′端有早期基因启动子元件ＧＣ、ＡＣＧＴ和ＴＡＴＡｂｏｘ。有２２ｂｐ的顺向重复序列,包括由两个重叠的ＴＡＴＡｂｏｘ和上下游两个ＡＣＧＴｍｏｔｉｆ组成的两套启动子元件,这些结构特征与ＡｃＮＰＶ的凋亡抑制基因十分相似。     

热休克后表达受抑基因的分子克隆及其表达特性

以人成骨肉瘤细胞株ＨＯＳ－８６０３为热休克模型,在利用ＤＤｍＲＮＡ方法筛选和克隆了一个热休克后表达受抑基因的ｃＤＮＡ片段的基础上,以该片段为探针,筛选ＨＯＳ－８６０３细胞的ｃＤＮＡ文库,获得该基因的全长ｃＤＮＡ克隆（ＨＳＳＧ－１）;ＤＮＡ序列测定表明该ｃＤＮＡ全长１４５６ｂｐ,编码２７６个氨基酸,经计算机辅助分析,该ｃＤＮＡ序列尚未被报道。经ＲＮＡ斑点杂交证实,该基因的表达于多种组织细胞之中,并且     

美洲商陆一种抗真菌蛋白的cDNA克隆及序列分析

根据美洲商陆种子中一种抗真菌蛋白ＰＡＦＰ的Ｎ端部分氨基酸顺序,设计,合成一条５‘端寡核苷酸引物,通过３’－ＲＡＣＥ技术从种子总ＲＮＡ扩增出一约３５０ｂｐ的ｃＤＮＡ片段,成功地克隆到ｐＧＥＭ－Ｔ载体系统中。序列分析该,ｃＤＮＡ含有１１４ｂｐ的编码区,由此推导的３８个氨基酸序列有３６个与ＰＡＦＰ的序列相同,仅在第３５,３６位氨基酸分别由Ｃｙｓ,Ｌｙｓ代了后者的Ｇｌｎ和Ｉｌｅ。     

番茄抗病基因Cf9的3′UTR区含有内含子序列

从番茄（ＬｙｃｏｐｅｒｓｉｃｏｎｅｓｃｕｌｅｎｔｕｍＭｉｌ．）抗病品种“中杂９号”基因组ＤＮＡ中扩增并克隆了番茄抗叶霉病基因Ｃｆ９。序列分析结果表明,该基因全长２７５１ｂｐ,含有一个编码８６３个氨基酸的开放阅读框架。在该基因的３′ＵＴＲ区发现了一段未曾报道的内含子序列,长１１５ｂｐ,它所处的位置与番茄另一个抗叶霉病基因Ｃｆ２内含子的位置相似,其５′和３′边界序列为一重复序列,ＴＣＣＡＧＧ（Ｔ）ＡＴＴＣ,并与Ｃｆ２基因内含子边界序列高度同源。与已报道的Ｃｆ９的ｃＤＮＡ序列相比,它的第３７１位的核苷酸Ｔ突变成了Ｃ,从而使其编码蛋白的ＬＲＲ区第１２１位的亮氨酸突变为脯氨酸。     

LDL受体基因cDNA的RT—PCR分离,克隆及其在RFLP中的应用

利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术分离低密度脂蛋白受体基因ｃＤＮＡ,将长为２６０５ｂｐ的ｃＤＮＡ插入质粒ｐＪＮ６,并经全序列测定证实,该序列与已报道序列相比,存在两个变异碱基,即第７５４位Ｃ→Ｔ,和１６５４位的Ｇ→Ａ,这两个变异碱基并不改变编码的氨基酸,利用ＬＤＬ受体基因ｃＤＮＡ中的ＣｌａＩ片段的作为探针,检测到ＬＤＬ受体基因上外显子８的ＳｔｕＩ位点是个限制性片段长度多态性位点,所克隆的ｃＤＮＡ含有可译框架的全     

番茄OVATE基因调控果实梨形发育

ＰｒｏｃＮａｔｌＡｃａｄＳｃｉＵＳＡ ,2 0 0 2 ,99:1 330 2～ 1 330 6早期研究表明番茄果实的梨形性状由位于第二染色体的一个隐性基因ｏｖａｔｅ所控制 ,ｏｖａｔｅ基因位于分子标记ＴＧ645附近 ,以此标记为探针筛选番茄ＢＡＣ文库将该基因定位于一个长为 1 0 5ｋｂ的ＤＮＡ片段内 ,进一步的分子标记定位表明该基因在含有 8个ＯＲＦ的 55ｋｂＤＮＡ内。通过ＰＣＲ扩增了圆形番茄这一区域ＤＮＡ并进行测序 ,结果表明突变体的ＯＲＦ6中有三处发生了突变。ＯＲＦ6由两个外显子和 1个内含子组成 ,有一个点突变和一个 2ｂｐ的插入或缺失突变…     

人粒细胞集落刺激因子（hG—CSF）cDNA3‘—UTR对其表达的影响

利用人粒细胞集落刺激因子（ｈＧ－ＣＳＦ（）ｃＤＮＡ３＇端非翻译区（３＇ＵＴＲ）中存在的ＤｒａＩ酶切位点,通过部分酶切与完全酶切,删除３＇－ＵＴＲ不同长度构建了四种ｈＧ－ＣＳＦ ｃＤＮＡ瞬时重组表达质粒,转染ＣＯＳ－７细胞手,生物活性测定结果提示,ｈＧ－ＣＳＦｃＤＮＡ３＇－ＵＴＲ对其表达起负调控作用,其关键性序列位于紧接终止密码子ＴＧＡ下游的６５ｂｐ范围内,３＇－ＵＴＲ对ｈＧ－ＣＳＦ ｃＤＮＡ表达的     

LDL受体基因cDNA的RT－PCR分离、克隆及其在RFLP中的应用

利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术分离低密度脂蛋白受体基因ｃＤＮＡ,将长为２６０５ｂｐ的ｃＤＮＡ插入质粒ｐＪＮ６,并经全序列测定证实,该序列与已报道序列相比,存在两个变异碱基,即第７５４位Ｃ→Ｔ,和１６５４位的Ｇ→Ａ,这两个变异碱基并不改变编码的氨基酸,利用ＬＤＬ受体基因ｃＤＮＡ中的ＣｌａⅠ片段作为探针,检测到ＬＤＬ受体基因上外显子８的ＳｔｕⅠ位点是个限制性片段长度多态性位点。所克隆的ｃＤＮＡ含有可译框架的全部密码,因此可作为基因表达材料。     

Isolation of a human X chromosome-linked gene essential for progression from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle

The tsBN462 cell line, a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant isolated from the hamster cell line, BHK21/13, cannot progress into S phase at 39.5 degrees C, following the release from isoleucine deprivation. The mutant cells were transfected with high molecular weight (HMW) DNA from human KB cells, and several human DNA bands were found to be conserved through three cycles of ts+ transformation. Conserved human DNA was isolated from the cosmid library of the secondary ts+ transformant (K-1-1), using 32P-labelled total human DNA as a probe. The isolated human DNA covers about 70 kb of human DNA flanked with hamster DNA, and originates from the human X chromosome. The middle part (56 kb) of the isolated human DNA was conserved through the primary, secondary and tertiary ts+ transformation, without gross rearrangement.     

人ING4的基因克隆及真核表达

目的克隆人生长抑制因子家族（inhibitor of growth famility member4,ING4）基因,构建其真核表达载体pEGFP—ING4。方法提取人胎盘总RNA,经RT—PCR扩增出ING4 cDNA,克隆至pEGFP—C2载体,构建的真核表达载体pEGFP—ING4用双酶切、基因测序进行序列鉴定;转染MCF-7细胞用荧光显微镜和免疫组化检测重组质粒的表达。结果RT—PCR产物为750bp的条带,双酶切和基因测序正确,转染可见目的蛋白融合表达。结论从人胎盘组织中成功克隆了ING4基因并构建其真核表达质粒在人MCF-7细胞中表达,为进一步研究1NG4基因的作用及抗肿瘤机制奠定了基础。     

Human and mouse S-protein mRNA detected in Northern blot experiments and evidence for the gene encoding S-protein in mammals by Southern blot analysis

Summary Human S-protein is a serum glycoprotein that binds and inhibits the activated complement complex, mediates coagulation through interaction with antithrombin III and plasminogen activator inhibitor I, and also functions as a cell adhesion protein through interactions with extracellular matrix and cell plasma membranes. A full length cDNA clone for human S-protein was isolated from a lambda gt11 cDNA library of mRNA from the HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line using mixed oligonucleotide sequences predicted from the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of human S-protein. The cDNA clone in lambda was subcloned into pUC18 for Southern and Northern blot experiments. Hybridization with radiolabeled human S-protein cDNA revealed a single copy gene encoding S-protein in human and mouse genomic DNA. In addition, the S-protein gene was detected in monkey, rat, dog, cow and rabbit genomic DNA. A 1.7 Kb mRNA for S-protein was detected in RNA from human liver and from the PLC/PRF5 human hepatoma cell line. No S-protein mRNA was detected in mRNA from human lung, placenta, or leukocytes or in total RNA from cultured human embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RD cell line) or cultured human fibroblasts from embryonic lung (IMR90 cell line) and neonatal foreskin. A 1.6 Kb mRNA for S-protein was detected in mRNA from mouse liver and brain. No S-protein mRNA was detected in mRNA from mouse skeletal muscle, kidney, heart or testis.     

Human prolyl hydroxylase. Purification, partial characterization and preparation of antiserum to the enzyme.

Prolyl hydroxylase was purified from human foetal skin and from a mixture of human foetal tissues by the affinity chromatography procedure using poly(L-proline). The enzyme from both sources was pure, when examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, as a native protein or in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate, and enzyme activity recovery varied from 38% to 70% with seven enzyme preparations. The enzyme synthesized from 61.0 mumol to 82.7 mumol hydroxyproline mg protein-1 h-1 degrees C with a saturating concentration of (Pro-Pro-Gly)5 as substrate. The molecular weight of the enzyme was identical with that of the chick prolyl hydroxylase when studied by gel filtration, and the molecular weights of the subunits of the enzyme were about 61000 and 64000 as determined by sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition of the human enzyme was very similar to that of the chick prolyl hydroxylase. Antisera to human and chick prolyl hydroxylases were prepared in rabbits. A single precipitin line was seen between the antiserum to human prolyl hydroxylase and the human enzyme in double immunodiffusion, and no cross-reactivity was detected between the human chick enzymes by this technique. However, a distinct cross-reactivity was observed between the human and chick enzymes in inhibition experiments.     

Maintenance of the normal flora of human skin grafts transplanted to mice

Full-thickness human cadaver skin was maintained on the dorso-lateral thoracic region of hairless mice whose immune rejection mechanism was suppressed using anti-mouse-thymocyte globulin. The bacterial profile of the pregrafted skin did not differ significantly from the normal human microflora. In contrast, the murine skin exhibited quantitative and qualitative differences from the human flora, in particular by the complete absence of Propionibacterium acnes, the dominant bacterium on sebum-rich areas of human skin. The normal microbial profile of the human grafts was maintained throughout the experimental period despite the novel environmental milieu. There was little contamination of the grafts from the normal murine flora. It was concluded that the grafted human skin would provide a realistic model for studying the ecology of human cutaneous micro-organisms.     

Production, purification and characterization of biologically active recombinant human nerve growth factor

The human NGF gene was isolated and inserted downstream from murine leukemia virus LTR in a plasmid having dihydrofolate reductase cDNA. The expression plasmid was introduced into CHO cells. Selection of the transformants for the resistance to methotrexate gave a CHO cell line which produced human NGF at a level of 4 mg/L in the culture medium. The recombinant human NGF was purified to near homogeneity from the culture supernatant. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence, the COOH-terminal amino acid (Ala), and the amino acid composition of the human NGF were identical to those deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the human NGF gene. The recombinant human NGF was composed of 120 amino acid residues. Three disulfide linkages were determined to be Cys15-Cys80, Cys-58-Cys108, and Cys68-Cys110; the locations were identical to those in the mouse 2.5S NGF molecule. The specific biological activity of the recombinant human NGF was comparable with that of authentic mouse 2.5S NGF as determined by stimulation of neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells.     

The isolation and immunological properties of two arginase forms from human erythrocytes

1. Two forms of arginase were isolated from human erythrocytes; the main form adsorbed on CM-cellulose and the second form, occurring in much smaller amount, adsorbed on DEAE-cellulose. 2. The molecular weight of either arginase was 120,000 +/- 5000. 3. The erythrocyte arginases are similar in immunological properties to arginase A4 from human kidney and A2 from human liver, respectively. 4. Despite the literature data stating that human erythrocyte arginase and human liver arginase are identical, it was found that the main forms of arginase of these tissues A4 from erythrocytes and A5 from liver differ in immunological properties.     

Detection and partial characterization of a human mast cell carboxypeptidase

Using a high performance liquid chromatography assay that detects the cleavage of the C-terminal leucine from angiotensin I, we have identified a carboxypeptidase activity in mast cells from human lung and in dispersed mast cell preparations from human skin. The enzyme activity was detected in a preparation of dispersed human mast cells from lung of greater than 99% purity and was released with histamine after stimulation with goat anti-human IgE. In nine preparations of dispersed human mast cells from lung of 10 to 99% purity, net percentage of release of carboxypeptidase correlated with the release of histamine, localizing carboxypeptidase to mast cell secretory granules. The enzyme activity was also detected in preparations of dispersed human mast cells from skin and in extracts of whole skin. The inhibitor profile and m.w. of carboxypeptidase activity from preparations of dispersed mast cells from skin was similar to that from dispersed mast cells from lung. Mast cell carboxypeptidase had a m.w. on gel filtration of 30,000 to 35,000. The enzyme in crude lysates of dispersed mast cell preparations had optimal activity between pH 8.5 and 9.5 and was inhibited by potato inhibitor, which distinguished it from carboxypeptidase in cultured human foreskin keratinocytes and adult fibroblasts, and from other proteolytic mast cell enzymes. The enzyme activity was also inhibited by EDTA, o-phenanthroline, and, to a small extent, by 8-OH quinoline, but not by Captopril, soybean trypsin inhibitor, or pepstatin. These findings demonstrate that human mast cell secretory granules contain carboxypeptidase in addition to tryptase and chymase. It appears that mast cells from skin may have a higher content of carboxypeptidase than do mast cells from lung.     

The concentration of twelve elements in the anterior pituitary from human subjects and rats as measured by particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE)

The concentration of twelve elements—potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, bromine, and rubidium—in anterior pituitaries from human subjects and rats was measured using Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). The human material included anterior pituitaries from 37 normal human subjects, 27 males and 10 females, all of whom died from traumatic lesions. Excluded from the investigations were persons with alcohol abuse, regular use of drugs, and babies younger than 1 year. For selenium, zinc, bromine, and to some extent copper, there was good correlation between the amounts found in anterior pituitaries from rats and human subjects. A significant difference between male and female rat pituitaries was observed for copper, iron, and rubidium, whereas for humans significant difference was only observed for manganese. Anterior pituitaries from human females contained generally more zinc than male glands, but the concentration of zinc in young males was higher than in females. The present study also indicates age related differences in the copper content in anterior pituitaries from human subjects, since pituitaries from humans between 15–45 years contained 25% more copper than those from younger or older persons. The opposite pattern was observed in males. For such elements as Cu, Fe, Mn, and Se, the content in the anterior pituitary from human subjects was 1.6–2 times that stated for other endocrine organs.     

The Preparation of Biologically Active Messenger RNA from Human Postmortem Brain Tissue

Abstract: Messenger RNA (mRNA) was extracted from human postmortem brain tissue by alkaline phenol extraction of polysomes followed by oligo (dT)-cellulose chromatography. The mRNA preparations stimulated protein synthesis in a cell-free system containing wheat germ homogenate. The products of protein synthesis were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. These analyses indicated that numerous polypeptides, including tubulin subunits and actin isomers, were synthesized by the human mRNA. The molecular weight range of polypeptides synthesized by human mRNA fractions from two brain specimens were identical, and analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis indicated qualitatively similar products. The yield of mRNA extracted per gram of human tissue was less than the yield obtained with rat forebrains from animals sacrificed immediately before brain removal and mRNA purification. A decrease in the amount of polysomes isolated from human tissue relative to rat brain tissue was a major factor contributing to the low yield. The molecular weight distribution of polypeptides synthesized by human and rat brain mRNA fractions in wheat germ homogenate was similar; thus, there was no indication for selective breakdown or inactivation of high molecular weight mRNA species in the human tissue. Our studies indicate that it is possible to utilize postmortem tissue for molecular biological investigations of human brain mRNA.