LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 5.Septonema,Hormiactella andLylea

Three genera of lignicolousHyphomycetes Septonema Corda,Hormiactella Saac. andLylea Morgan-Jones are discussed. Illustrations and determination keys are provided. Five species ofSeptonema—S. fasciculare (Corda) Hughes,S. leptaleum (Ellis & Harkn.) Hughes,S. pinicola Hol.-Jech.,S. secedens Corda andS. laricium Hol.-Jech.—and two species ofHormiactella—H. fusca (Preuss) Sacc. andH. asetosa Hol.-Jech.—have been found in Czechoslovakia. A new speciesS. pseudobinum Hol.-Jech. is described from Romania.Septonema tetracoilum (Corda Hughes is accommodated in the genusLylea Morgan-Jones.     

Chromosome counts and chromosome morphology of some selected species

In the years 1976–1981 we studied chromosome counts and karyotypic formulae of the following 29 species of plants from 41 localities (of these 6 from Bohemia, 32 from Moravia, 3 from Slovakia):Batrachium baudotii (Godron) F. W. Schultz,Chenopodium rubrum L.,C. polyspermum L.,C. murale L.,C. ficifolium Sm.,C. opulifolium Schrader ex DC. inLam. et DC.,C. strictum Roth [subsp.strictum, subsp.glaucophyllum (Aellen)Aellen inJust etAellen, subsp.striatiforme Uotila],Arenaria grandiflora L.,Illecebrum verticillatum L.,Spergula morisonii Boreau inDuchartre,Spergularia marginata (DC. inLam. et DC.)Kittel S. marina (L.)Griseb.,S. rubra (L.) J. etC. Presl,Silene conica L.,Sisymbrium loeselii L.,S. volgense Bieb. exE. Fourn.,S. orientale L. [subsp. orientale, subsp.macroloma (A. Pomel)Dvo?ák],S. officinale (L.)Scop.,Descurainia sophia (L.)Webb exPrantl inEngler etPrantl,Nasturtium officinale R. Br. inAiton,Barbarea arcuata (Opiz inPresl J. et C.)Reichenb.,Lunaria annua L.,Soldanella montana Willd.,S. carpatica Vierh. inUrban etGraebner,Lotus tenuis Waldst. etKit. exWilld.,L. uliginosus Schkuhr,Trigonella monspeliaca L.,Geranium sibiricum L.,Lactuca tatarica (L.)C. A. Meyer.     

Chromosome numbers in selectedHieracium species in the Krkonoše Mts. (the West Sudeten)

Chromosome numbers are given of 15 species of the genusHieracium L. s. str., representing seven species groups (in the sense of Flora Europaea, roughly corresponding to Zahn's “species principales”) from the Krkono?e Mts., N. Bohemia and SW Poland. For the first time chromosome numbers are reported forH. melanocephalum Tausch (2n=27),H. tubulosum Tausch (2n=36),H. schustleri Zlatník (2n=36),H. fritzei F. Schultz (2n=27),H. rohlenae Zlatník (2n=27),H. nigrescens Willd. (2n=36),H. decipiens Tausch (2n=36),H. atrellum Juxip inSchischkin etBobrov (2n=27),H. subnigrescens (Fries exNorrlin)Dahlst. (2n=36),H. sudeticum Sternberg (2n=36),H. pedunculare Tausch (2n=36),H. glandulosodentatum Uechtr. (2n=36),H. wimmeri Uechtr. (2n=27). InHieracium alpinum L. s. str. the number 2n=27 has been confirmed. The results show a high proportion of tetraploid taxa; no diploids have been found.     

Bacidina genus novum familiaeLecideaceae s. lat. (Ascomycetes lichenisati)

The following eleven species currently classified in the generaBacidia s. lat. andCatillaria s. lat. are transferred to the new genusBacidina Vězda gen. n. (Lecideaceae s. lat.):Bacidina apiahica (Müll. Arg.) comb. n.,B. chloroticula (Nyl.)Vězda etPoelt comb. n.,B. egenula (Nyl.) comb. n.,B. inundata (Fr.) comb. n.,B. mirabilis (Vězda) comb. n.,B. neglecta (Vězda) comb.n.,B. pallidocarnea (Müll. Arg.) comb. n.,B. phacodes (Koerb.) comb.n.,B. scutellifera (Vězda) comb.n.,B. vasakii (Vězda) comb.n., andB. ziamensis (Vězda) comb.n.     

Chromosome counts of some Cuban Angiosperms

Chromosome numbers are reported for 14 species collected in Cuba. The first chromosome records are reported forAlbizzia cubana Britton etWilson (2n=26),Atkinsia cubensis (Britton etWilson)Howard (2n=26),Caesalpinia violacea (Mill.)Standl. (2n=24),Colubrina ferruginosa Brongn. (2n=24). Chromosome numbers of the following species were confirmed:Albizzia lebbeck (L.)Benth. (2n=26),Canavalia maritima (Aubl.)Thouars (2n=22),Casuarina equisetifolia Forst. (2n=18),Cedrela mexicana M.J. Roem. (2n=56),Delonix regia (Bojer)Raf. (2n=28),Guazuma tomentosa H.B.K. (2n=16),Lysiloma bahamense Benth. (2n=26),L. latisiliqua (L.)Benth. (2n=26),Samanea saman (Jacq.)Merrill (2n=26),Thespesia populnea (L.)Soland (2n=26).     

D-amino acids in the cell pool of bacteria

About 30 different bacterial species were tested for the possible presence of freed-amino acids in their cell pool. Gram-positive bacteria particularly the species of the genusBacillus have a fairly large pool of freely extractabled-amino acids. Varied quantities of freed-amino acids were detected inBacillus subtilis B₃,Bacillus subtilis Marburg,Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Lactobacillus fermenti, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Staphylococcus aureus andClostridium acetobutylicum. The individual components ofd-amino acids were identified in 5Bacillus species referred to above,d-alanine is the major component; the otherd-amino acids identified are aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, leucines, proline, serine and tyrosine. Thed-amino acid pool size inBacillus subtilis B₃ varies with different culture conditions. The pool size is maximum when growth temperature is 30°C and it fluctuates with change in pH of the medium. The maximum quantity ofd-amino acids could be recovered when the culture was at mid log phase. O₂ supply to the medium has little effect ond-amino acid pool size. The starvation of cells leads to depletion of thed-amino acid pool which is exhausted almost completely within 4 hours by incubation in nutrient-free medium.     

Further karyological studies of the Mongolian flora

The paper gives the chromosome number for 50 species of the Mongolian flora. Some of the counts appear to be the first findings for the species. They are:Draba eriopoda Turcz. exLedeb. 2n=16,Lychnis sibirica L. 2n=24,Papaver pseudocanescens M. Popov 2n=42,Thymus baicalensis Serg. 2n=28 andViola gmeliniana Schultes 2n=24.     

Mortality factors of satin moth,Leucoma salicis [Lep.: Lymantriidae], in aspen forests in Maine

Natural control agents of the satin moth,Leucoma salicis (L.) were examined in 2Populus grandidentata Michaux stands. Highest mortality occurred in overwintering larvae, with the causal agents 2 fungi,Paecilomyces sp. andHirsutella gigantea Petch, a factor causing death symptomatic of a pathogen, the parasiteEupteromalis hemipterus (Walker) and death from unknown causes. Mortality fromPaecilomyces sp. andE. hemipterus was reduced where overwintering sites were covered with burlap cloth. Parasites recovered from larvae and pupae included the braconidsApanteles melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) andMeteorus versicolor (Wesmeal), the ichneumonidCoccygomimus pedalis (Cresson), the tachinidsCompsilura concinnata (Meigen),Carcelia laxifrons Villeneuve,Tachinomyia variata Curran, and the sarcophagidsSarcophaga aldrichi Parker andAgria housei Shewell. Larval and pupal predators included the carabidCalosoma frigidum Kirby, pentatomids, and birds, particularly black-billed cuckoos,Coccyzus erythrophthaimus (Wilson). Eggs were parasitized by the scelionidTelenomus prob.californicus Ashmead and the trichogrammidTrichogramma minutum (Riley). Predators of adult satin moths included the hermit thrush,Hylocichla guttata (Pallas), and pentatomid bugs.     

New internally structured decapod microcoprolites from Germany (Late Triassic/Early Miocene), Southern Spain (Early/Middle Jurassic) and Portugal (Late Jurassic): Taxonomy, palaeoecology and evolutionary implications

Fossil faecal pellets with internal structures are described from non-marine environments for the first time. In the Late Triassic Lehrberg Beds (Middle Keuper, Carnian) of Germany, the oldest stratigraphic record of the form genusHelicerina Brönnimann &Masse,Helicerina keuperina Seegis n. sp., occurs.Favreina kalankyra Ebli from the Norian Hauptdolomit Formation is also attributed to this genus. Another new speciesof Helicerina, H. ruttei Schweigert n. sp., is described from the Early Miocene calcareous freshwater tufas of Southern Germany. It is attributed to the brachyuran freshwater crabProballaya quenstedti (Zittel) which occurs abundantly at the same locality. Hence, the coprolite genusHelicerina is the product of brachyuran decapods or their Triassic ancestors, and not of anomuran decapods as thought before. From younger Early to Middle Jurassic pelagic ferrugineous limestones of the Subbetic area (Southern Spain), the new speciesFavreina belandoi Fels n. sp. is described besidesHelicerina siciliana Senowbari-Daryan, Schäfer &Catalano, and the better known speciesPalaxius salataensis Brönnimann, Cros &Zaninetti. The number of canals withinFavreina belandoi varies but is clearly correlated with different ontogenetic stages of the same producer. From the Late Jurassic of Portugal, the new speciesPetalina hexalunulata Leinfelder n. gen. n. sp. is reported. It co-occurs withFavreina prusensis (Paréjas). The new genusPetalina is distinct fromFavreina by its hemispherical cross sections of the canals. In Portugal, both species are restricted to intrajurassic marine karstic fissures of the reefal Ota Limestone.     

Muridae,Zapodidae und Eomyidae (Rodentia,Mammalia) des Eichkogels bei MÖdling (NiederÖsterreich)

Four rodent species,Parapodemus lugdunensis Schaub 1938, ?Progonomys woelferi Bachmayer &Wilson 1970,Protozapus intermedius Bachmayer &Wilson 1970 andKeramidomys aff.mohleri Engesser 1972 from the freshwater marl of Eichkogel are described. The presence ofParapodemus lugdunensis associated with other rodents give us the possibility to correlate Eichkogel and Kohfidisch in Austria with Turolian mammal-faunas of Germany, France and Spain.     

Parasitism ofPhthorimaea operculella [Lep.: Gelechiidae] larvae in Queensland

Parasitism ofPhthorimaea operculella (Zeller) larvae on potato foliage was examined intensively in the Lockyer Valley, south-eastern Queensland from 1975–78 and extensively from other hosts and areas of Queensland. The % parasitism in the Lockyer Valley exceeded 50% in 29 of the 36 collections. The parasite species were dominated by the introducedCopidosoma desantisi Annecke & Mynhardt (Encyrtidae) andOrgilus lepidus Muesebeck (Braconidae) which together accounted for 92.6% of parasite numbers recorded. In more northern areas of Queensland, the dominant parasite species found was the introducedApanteles subandinus Blanchard (Braconidae). Other hymenopterous parasites found wereMicrochelonus curvimaculatus Cameron (Braconidae), Elasmus funereus Riek (Elasmidae) andTemelucha minuta (Morley) (Ichneumonidae).     

Survey and distribution ofCybocephalidae [Coleoptera] in Israel

Nine species ofCybocephalus were found in a survey conducted throughout Israel:C. micans (Reitter),C. nigriceps nigriceps (J. Sahiberg),C. nigriceps sinister Endrödy-Younga,C. aegyptiacus Endrödy-Younga,C. mediterraneus Endrödy-Younga,C. pullus Endrödy-Younga,C. fodori minor Endrödy-Younga,C. membranaceus (Reitter) andCybocephalus sp. n.C. micans andC.n. nigriceps are the most prevalent: the former in the Coastal Plain on citrus and the latter in the Arava region on date palms. In most cases the population density of the predator appeared to be related to that of the prey. Armoured scale insects(Homoptera: Diaspididae) were the main prey ofCybocephalus.     

Notes on some African hepatic genera 1–5

The present study deals with five genera of hepatics in Africa, Isotachis Mitt., Anastrophyllum (Spruce) Steph., Tritomaria Schiffn. ex Loeske, Gymnocoleopsis (Schust.) Schust. and Lophozia (Dum.) Dum. All African populations of the genus Isotachis Mitt. are considered to be one species, I. aubertii (Schwaegr.) Mitt. Four species of Anastrophyllum (Spruce) Steph. (s.l.), A. auritum (Lehm.) Steph., A. piligerum (Nees) Spruce, A. subcomplicatum (Lehm. et Lindenb.) Steph. and A. minutum (Schreb.) Schust., and two species of Tritomaria Schiffn. et Loeske, T. camerunensis S. Arnell and T. exsecta (Schrad.) Schiffn. ex Loeske occur in Africa. Gymmocoleopsis multiflora (Steph.) Schust. represents a genus and species hitherto unreported for the African flora. Finally, five Lophozia (Dum.) Dum. species, L. argentina (Steph.) Schust., L. capensis S. Arnell, L. decolorans (Limpr.) Steph., L. hedbergii S. Arnell and L. tristaniana (S. Arnell) Váňa, are reported from central and southern Africa; two of these (L. argentina (Steph.) Schust. and L. decolorans (Limpr.) Steph.) represent the first reports from Africa.     

Observation of algal colonization on Acropora aspera killed by Acanthaster planci

Algae started colonizing branches of the coral Acropora aspera (Dana) killed by the sea star Acanthaster planci (Linnaeus) within less than 24 hours. Two blue-greens ((Microcoleus lyngbyaceus (Crouan) Ag. and Hormothamnion solutum B. & F.)) dominated the early community but became less abundant than a brown ((Giffordia indica (Sonder) Papenfuss & Chihara)) after 26 days.     

Cytotaxonomic study ofTragopogon L. in czechoslovakia

Karyotypes ofTragopogon orientalis L. subsp.orientalis, T orientalis L. subsp.leiocarpos (Sauter)Trnka,T. pratensis L.,T. minor Miller,T. dubius Scop. subsp.dubius andT. dubius Scop. subsp.major (Jacq.)Vollmann were studied. The occurrence in Slovakia ofT. pratensis was karyologically proved.     

Parasites of rice stemborers in Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo)

Observations on parasites were made during a study of the following rice stem-borers in Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo):Tryporyza incertulas (Walker),T. innotata (Walker),Chilo suppressalis (Walker)C. auricilia (Dudgeon), andSeamia inferens (Walker). Egg-parasitism was often high, but that of the larval and pupal stages generally very low. Between 40–80% of theTryporyza eggs were parasitised byTelenomus rowani (Gahan), while 30–50% were attacked byTetrastichus schoenobii Ferrière. About 40–90% of the eggs ofChilo were parasitised byTrichogramma? japonicum Ashmead and 5–26% byTelenomus dignus (Gahan). Only 0.4–3% of theTryporyza larvae were parasitised by a Braconid,Rhaconotus schoenobivorus (Rohwer), whileBracon chinensis Szepligeti attacked 0.2–0.7% of the larvae ofC. suppressalis. Parasitism ofSesamia larvae byApanteles flavipes Cameron was equally low, never exceeding 2%. Pupal parasitism was somewhat higher.Tetrastichus israeli (Mani & Kurian) attacked 8% and 18% of the pupae ofC. suppressalis andS. inferens, respectively, while the Ichneumonid,Xanthopimpla stemmator (Thunberg) attacked up to 3% of the pupae of the former species. The immature stages of some of these parasites are described.     

Annotated chromosome numbers of selected asiaticPotentilla species

Chromosome numbers are reported for 19 collections representing 16 AsiaticPotentilla taxa. The first chromosome records are reported forP. desertorum Bunge var.arnavatensis Wolf (2n=28),P. festiva Soják (2n=28),P. griffithii Hook f. subsp.beauvaisii (Cardot) Soják (2n=42),P. micropetala D. Don subsp.byssitecta (Soják) Měsí?ek etSoják (2n=14),P. mollissima Lehm. (2n=28),P. moorcroftii Wall. exLehm. (2n=42),P. multicaulis Bunge (2n=14),P. [x]omissa Soják (2n=35, 56, 70) andP. stanjukoviczii Ovcz. exKoczk. (2n=14). Counts differing from those previously recorded are given forP. algida Soják (2n=56) andP. flagellaris Willd. exSchlecht. (2n=42). Chromosome numbers of the following species were confirmed:P. [x]agrimonioides Bieb. (2n=42),P. chinensis Ser. in DC. (2n=14),P. fragarioides L. (2n=14),P. lineata Trev. (2n=14) andP. sericea L. (2n=28). Taxonomy is briefly discussed. A new combinationP. micropetala D. Don subsp.byssitecta (Soják) Měsí?ek etSoják stat. nov. is proposed.     

New chromosome counts in nine endemic species from Iran

Original meiotic chromosome counts are presented for nine endemic species in seven families of Angiosperms from Iran including:Arum giganteum Ghahr. (Araceae) (n=14),Caccinia actinobole Bunge (Boraginaceae) (n=8),Delphinium aquilegifolium (Boiss.)Bornm. (Ranunculaceae) (n=8),Diplotaenia damavandica Mozaff., Hedge etLamond (Apiaceae) (n=11),Gypsophila caricifolia Boiss. (Caryophyllaceae) (n=17),Iphiona arachnoidea (Boiss.)Anderb. (Asteraceae) (n=9),Moltkia gypsacea Rech. f. etAellen (Boraginaceae) (n=20),Onobrychis gaubae Bornm. (Fabaceae) (n=8) andOnosma platyphyllum Riedl (Boraginaceae) (n=9). Eight counts are reported for the first time. Furthermore, the previous chromosome count forIphiona aracnoidea is corrected. Based on cytological data the species status ofMoltkia gypsacea is confirmed; it is not merely synonymous withM. coerulea (Willd.)Lehm. The basic chromosome number n=11 is reported in the genusDiplotaenia for the first time.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 1.Brachysporium

Four species of the genusBrachysporium Sacc. emend.Mason etHughes are treated in this paper from Czechoslovakia:B. nigrum (Link)Hughes,B. obovatum (Berk.)Sacc. and two new species,B. abietinum Hol.-Jech. andB. brevius Hol.-Jech.