蓝藻(Cyanobacteria)藻胆体内核结构与功能的研究I.变藻蓝蛋白六聚体(αβ)5APβ16.3LCM42分离及其表征

利用藻胆体温和解离的方法和超速离心分离技术首次得到了变藻蓝蛋白六聚体,并通过光谱技术,凝胶柱过滤柱色谱方法,和ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳方法以及蔗糖密度超速离心方法对其进行表征。结果表明：该变藻蓝蛋白六聚体的最大吸收峰（λＡｍａｘ＝６５２ｎｍ）,荧光发射峰位于６６６ｎｍ,并且在６８０ｎｍ处有一明显肩峰;其分子量大约为２４０ＫＤ左右;其分子组成为（αβ）５ＡＰβ１６．３ＬＣＭ４２;离心沉降系数为１２Ｓ（０．２－０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ线性蔗糖密度梯度于０．０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸盐缓冲液）。该六聚体在５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸盐缓冲液（ｐＨ＝７．０）发生解离,通过羟基磷灰石柱分离可得到两种变藻蓝蛋白三聚体（αβ）３ＡＰ和（αβ）２ＡＰβ１６．３ＬＣＭ４２,这说明该变藻蓝蛋白六聚体是由两个变藻蓝蛋白三聚体组成;通过差谱的方法得出锚蛋白的吸收光谱（λｍａｘ＝６６０ｎｍ）;根据稳态光谱测定的结果,推断出锚蛋白碎片ＬＣＭ４２的光谱性质与整个锚蛋白的光谱性质相同,进而得出ＬＣＭ４２保留了整个锚蛋白中的发色团,因而保留了其传递能量的功能。利用光谱数据和晶体结构数据讨论了该六聚体内能量传递途径     

抗脂多糖纳米抗体的筛选及其五聚体的制备

目的：筛选抗脂多糖（LPS）纳米单域抗体,并制备抗LPS纳米抗体五聚体。方法：以LPS为抗原,从驼源天然单域重链抗体库中筛选抗LPS纳米抗体,利用分子克隆技术将抗LPS单域抗体基因组装入志贺杆菌样毒素B亚基蛋白结构域（VTB）的五聚体特异性表达载体中进行可溶性表达,并用ELISA法鉴定所获抗体的抗原结合活性和特异性。结果：获得抗LPS纳米单域抗体及LPS纳米抗体五聚体;经鉴定,LPS纳米抗体五聚体的抗原结合活性优于抗LPS单域抗体。结论：利用驼源天然单域重链抗体库制备了抗LPS纳米单域抗体及抗LPS纳米抗体五聚体,为脓毒血症的分子诊断、预后判断及寻找生物治疗新靶点奠定了基础。     

β-Arrestins参与GPCRs信号通路的分子机制

β-抑制蛋白(β arrestins)是一类在β肾上腺素受体激酶（βARK)提纯过程中发现的重要支架蛋白和信号调控因子;G蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）为7次跨膜受体,在细胞信号转导中发挥关键作用,是很多临床药物的作用靶点. β-抑制蛋白作为衔接蛋白,调控GPCRs相关的信号通路,介导GPCRs的脱敏、内化、循环、复敏等生理过程,影响多种疾病的进程. 本文总结了β-抑制蛋白参与GPCRs信号通路的研究进展,侧重阐明了其中的分子机制,以期为开发新一代调控GPCRs功能活性的相关药物提供理论基础.     

蓝藻(A.variabilis)藻胆体核结构与功能的研究II.变藻蓝蛋白六聚体内能量传递过程的物理机制

以变藻蓝蛋白的晶体结构和光谱性质为基础,利用密度矩阵理论对变藻蓝蛋白六聚体内的激发能传递物理机制进行分析,并利用时间分辨荧光光谱技术对其能量传递途径进行实时探测。结果表明：在变藻蓝蛋白六聚体内,色素对（毗邻单体上的色素αｉ８４βｊ８４,其中ｊ＝ｉ±１,和β＊ＬＣＭ４２）内的能量传递服从激子偶极－偶极相互作用机制;而色素对之间的能量传递机制则为Ｆｒｓｔｅｒ偶极－偶极相互作用机制,并且其能量传递途径分为两类：（１）．两个变藻蓝蛋白三聚体之间色素对的能量传递,其时间常数大约为１５ｐｓ左右;（２）．同一变藻蓝蛋白三聚体内色素对间的能量传递,在ＡＰＩＩ三聚体内,其能量传递时间大约为４５ｐｓ左右,而在ＡＰＩ三聚体内,其能量传递时间常数为４５ｐｓ和６５ｐｓ。     

靶向膜蛋白的抗体制备策略

包括G蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）和离子通道在内的膜蛋白是目前最为重要的一类治疗靶点。基于治疗,诊断或者研究上的目的,人们一直在寻找针对这些靶点的特异性抗体。尽管如此,用传统的方法制备高质量的靶向膜蛋白的抗体仍旧是一个挑战。     

聚腺苷二磷酸核糖基化研究的某些进展

聚腺苷二磷酸核糖基化研究的某些进展杨其伟，陈德风（南开大学分子生物学研究所天津３０００７１）聚腺苷二磷酸核糖基化［ｐｏｌｙ（ＡＤＰ－ｒｉｂｏｓｙｌ）ａｔｉｏｎ］是指生物体内在聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶［ｐｏｌｙ（ＡＤＰ－ｒｉｂｏｓｅ）ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅ...     

禽流感病毒神经氨酸酶蛋白的研究进展

禽流感病毒在世界范围内广泛流行,给养禽业造成了巨大的经济损失,有效的疫苗接种策略可以帮助预防和控制该疾病.抗原转换和漂移是流感病毒发生变异的两种主要机制.NA蛋白是流感病毒的表面纤突之一属于Ⅱ型糖蛋白,在病毒成熟时发挥神经氨酸酶的作用进而有利于病毒的成熟和释放,并在调控受体结合、病毒出芽等方面发挥着重要的作用.抑制NA蛋白活性具有预防和治疗疾病作用的事实证实NA蛋白是一个抗病毒的有效靶点.此外基于NA蛋白设计流感疫苗,具有免疫保护期更持久和保护范围更广的优势.     

银鲫卵黄原的诱导、分离纯化及其生化鉴定

以雄性银鲫为实验材料,通过雌二醇（Estradiol-17β,E2）的多次诱导,使得E2诱导产物成为血清中的主要蛋白。而后,在快速蛋白液相色谱（FPLC）系统上,利用高交换量的阴离子交换层析Q柱,成功的从血清中提纯了与雌性特异蛋白相一致的E2诱导产物。糖、磷、脂蛋白分析表明,它是一类糖磷脂蛋白大分子。同时,它能被Mg^2 -Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(Mg^2 -EDTA)部分沉淀,这进一步证明,与雌性特异蛋白相一致的E2诱导产物就是卵黄原（Vitellogenin,VTG)。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳表明,银鲫有两种VTG分子。     

蓝藻(A.variabilis)藻胆体核结构与功能的研究II.变藻蓝蛋白六聚体内能量传递过程的物理机制

以变藻蓝蛋白的晶体结构和光谱性质为基础,利用密度矩阵理论对变藻蓝蛋白六聚体内的激发能传递物理机制进行分析,并利用时间分辨荧光光谱技术对其能量传递途径进行实时探测。结果表明：在变藻蓝蛋白六聚体内,色素对（毗邻单体上的色素αｉ８４βｊ８４,其中ｊ＝ｉ±１,和β＊ＬＣＭ４２）内的能量传递服从激子偶极－偶极相互作用机制;而色素对之间的能量传递机制则为Ｆｒｓｔｅｒ偶极－偶极相互作用机制,并且其能量传递途径分为两类：（１）．两个变藻蓝蛋白三聚体之间色素对的能量传递,其时间常数大约为１５ｐｓ左右;（２）．同一变藻蓝蛋白三聚体内色素对间的能量传递,在ＡＰＩＩ三聚体内,其能量传递时间大约为４５ｐｓ左右,而在ＡＰＩ三聚体内,其能量传递时间常数为４５ｐｓ和６５ｐｓ。     

英国科学家成功挽救大蓝蝶

美国科学家采用X光晶体照相术,首次精确描绘出构成人类艾滋病病毒（HIV）衣壳的CA蛋白六聚物结构图,为人类寻找艾滋病治疗新法带来了曙光。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.