超高压对灵芝生长及其漆酶合成的影响

研究了超高压处理对灵芝生长及其漆酶合成的影响,试验结果表明:灵芝致死率随处理压力的增大而增加,在150MPa下处理30min获得了一株生物量和漆酶产量都大幅增加的菌株G1502,其最大生物量及酶活分别比出发菌株提高了19.34%和282.67%,发酵时间也缩短了1d。     

新一代糖化酶高产菌株的选育及其工业应用

【目的】建立对糖化酶生产菌种黑曲霉随机突变文库进行筛选的方法,以获得糖化酶酶活提高的突变菌株。【方法】以一株可产糖化酶的黑曲霉菌株Aspergillus niger X1为出发菌株,经硫酸二乙酯诱变获得突变文库,采用葡萄糖的结构类似物——2-脱氧葡萄糖进行筛选,并在筛选过程中逐渐提高2-脱氧葡萄糖浓度,定向选育具有2-脱氧葡萄糖抗性、高产糖化酶的突变株。【结果】获得的高产突变菌株DG36摇瓶发酵糖化酶产量比出发菌株A.niger X1提高22.2%–33.8%,经工业水平50 m~3罐发酵测试,突变株DG36发酵128 h糖化酶活可达49094 U/m L,在相同发酵时间内,其酶活较出发菌株A.niger X1提高32.8%,发酵时间缩短16.9%。【结论】本研究开发了一种以2-脱氧葡萄糖为抗性标记选育高产糖化酶突变株的方法,所得突变株DG36遗传性状稳定,与出发菌相比具有菌丝粗壮、产酶期提前、糖化酶活高、发酵时间短、有利于发酵后处理的优点。     

低能离子注入诱变选育漆酶高产菌株

利用低能N+束注入技术对漆酶产牛菌灵芝菌(Ganoderma lucidum)U60菌丝体进行辐照诱变.通过研究15 keV能量下不同注入剂量与灵芝菌存活率及突变率的生物学效应关系,确定了在2.6×1015-3.9×1015ions/cm2注入剂茸范围内可获得高比例正突变株.选择3.12×1015ions/cm2的注入剂量参数后,经多轮注入诱变,获得了遗传性稳定的漆酶高产突变株UIM-281;发酵产酶实验表明,UIM-281的产漆酶活力峰值分别是出发菌株U60的1.7倍及2.28倍,且产酶发酵周期相对缩短24 h,是工业发酵中更加经济高效的灵芝漆酶发酵菌株.     

一株产D-海因酶菌株的鉴定及离子束诱变选育

首次报道了产D-海因酶的巨大芽孢杆菌,通过对该菌进行离子束诱变,获得酶活最高增加3倍的突变株M5,对M5的产酶条件进行优化,得到最佳的发酵条件为玉米浆1.5%,葡萄糖1%,油酸1.5%,氯化钠0.5%,并添加50 mg.L-1的Mn2+、Zn2+及500 mg.L-1的Mg2+,pH8.0,30℃发酵24 h,酶活力可达到每毫升2.119 U,比优化前突变株提高了300%,比出发菌株提高了850%。     

角蛋白降解菌的筛选及其UV诱变选育

从长年堆积废羽毛的土壤,屠鸡场下水道、池塘底污泥中分离出一株角蛋白降解菌C-1,摇瓶发酵测得其角蛋白酶活达35.6U,经形态观察和生理生化鉴定该菌株属于芽孢杆菌属.对菌株进行Uv诱变,在照射时间为100 s下得到一株产角蛋白酶活较高突变株C-1-4,其酶活比原始出发菌株提高了122%,且遗传性状稳定.     

产L-谷氨酸工程菌株的诱变选育及其发酵效率

以高产L-谷氨酸的谷氨酸棒杆菌GY1为研究对象,采用ARTP进行全局诱变,进一步提高L-谷氨酸的发酵水平。首先,对谷氨酸棒杆菌GY1原生质体的制备及再生条件进行优化,接着,根据致死率选择最佳的ARTP处理时间,然后,采用96微孔板及摇瓶发酵的方式对突变株进行筛选,最后,对获得的优良突变株进行50 L罐发酵验证。结果显示,溶菌酶浓度为10.0 mg/mL,酶解90 min,原生质体形成率和再生率达到最佳。ARTP最佳处理时间为40 s,致死率达到89.6%,经过初筛与摇瓶复筛,获得突变株YAG117,其摇瓶发酵L-谷氨酸含量达16.3 g/L,较出发菌株提高13.9%,且连续传代五代遗传稳定。50 L补料分批发酵条件下,L-谷氨酸产量在36 h最高,达到216.6 g/L,较出发菌株提高12.9%,糖酸转化率达68.87%,比出发菌株提高了10.2%。ARTP处理GY1菌株原生质体,能够有效积累有利突变,提高突变株发酵生产L-谷氨酸的能力,获得的突变株YAG117也显示了较好的工业化应用潜力。     

绿色木霉原生质体诱变筛选纤维素酶高产菌株

以绿色木霉F264为出发菌株制备其原生质体,对其进行紫外线诱变处理,筛选出一株纤维素酶高产突变株绿色木霉F-UV264,其滤纸酶活由出发菌株的5.2IU/g干料提高到15.78IU/g干料,产酶能力提高了3倍。经过10代PDA斜面继代培养及发酵试验,表明该菌株是比原菌株更优秀的稳定高产株。     

以琥珀酸为唯一碳源选育ε-聚赖氨酸高产菌

本文旨在通过诱变和耐受性筛选的手段提高放线茵￡一PL的产量。以稠李链霉菌Strepto—myces padanus LS-L5为出发菌,经紫外诱变,在以琥珀酸为唯一碳源的培养基上筛选快速生长的菌株,测定突变株的ε-PL发酵水平和遗传稳定性。经初筛和复筛,获得突变株H3,其摇瓶发酵ε-PL产量为0．68dL,较出发菌提高了41％,传代4次产量基本稳定。H3在5L发酵罐中分批发酵,ε-PL产量达到2．0g／L,较出发菌提高了一倍。在固定二氧化碳的能力方面,突变株H3的PEP羧化酶酶活较出发菌株LS-L5的PEP羧化酶酶活提高了1．67倍。     

拟康氏木霉(Trichoderma psudodoningii)UV III产纤维素酶液体发酵研究

以拟康氏木霉(Trichoderma psudodoningii)TH为出发菌株,经紫外诱变荻得一抗高浓度葡萄糖阻遏突变株uV III,其液体发酵最适产酶培养基为(w/V)豆皮粉3%,硝酸铵0.6%,磷酸二氢钠0.65%,硫酸镁0.25%,氯化钙0.15%,pH5.0;最佳发酵条件为30℃,125r/min发酵7d CMCase活力可达103.55 IU/mL,滤纸酶活可达5.51 IU/mL,β一葡萄糖苷酶活可达0 96IU/mL,分别比出发菌株TH提高了1.40、2.34、0.60倍.     

白腐菌紫外诱变选育高产漆酶突变株及其产酶条件研究

以白腐菌为出发菌株,利用紫外线(UV)进行诱变,筛选高产漆酶突变菌株。通过测定致死率绘制出发菌株的致死曲线,采用PDA-RBBR平板变色法进行初筛,ABTS检测酶活对突变株进行摇瓶复筛。结果表明:利用15 w紫外灯在照射距离为30 cm,照射时间为120 s,致死率为72.1%的条件下进行诱变处理,获得一株高产菌株,其酶活提高79.54%,经过5代传代培养,未见酶活下降,具有较好的遗传稳定性,进一步研究了初始pH值,接种量和培养基装液量等对诱变菌株产酶的影响,结果表明在最佳的培养条件pH值6.0,15%的装液量于28℃下,酶活达214.9 U/L。     

The effect of carbon source succession on laccase activity in the co-culture process of Ganoderma lucidum and a yeast

In the present paper, the mechanism of overproduction of laccase by microbe interaction was investigated in the co-culture process of Ganoderma lucidum and Candida sp. HSD07A. The results show that nitrogen source, sulfur source, hydrolytic enzymes and inducers do not have the significant influence on laccase activity, and glucose deprivation in the medium is also not the crucial reason why G. lucidum overproduces laccase although it can improve laccase activity at a certain extent. Furthermore, glucose deprivation is made by strain HSD07A, and NMR and GC data reveal that the yeast can convert glucose into glycerol and ethanol. G. lucidum cannot assimilate ethanol; however, glycerol is an efficient carbon source for G. lucidum. In the co-culture process, the appearance of the second carbon source, glycerol produced by the yeast, is the crucial reason why G. lucidum overproduces laccase because glycerol can make G. lucidum cells secrete more laccase by prolonging the secretion time under the condition of glucose deprivation. Thus, it is the carbon source succession in the co-culture process that leads to the overproduction of G. lucidum laccase.     

灵芝漆酶催化直接耐晒翠蓝GL脱色条件的优化

采用灵芝菌株发酵所得的漆酶, 对酞菁类染料直接耐晒翠蓝GL进行了催化脱色实验, 确定了脱色反应的最适条件。结果表明: 单独使用灵芝漆酶粗酶液对直接耐晒翠蓝GL具有很好的脱色效果。其最适脱色pH为3.0, 最适脱色温度为40°C, 最适漆酶用量是40 U/mL, 最适染料浓度为60 mg/L。以上述最适脱色条件对直接耐晒翠蓝GL进行脱色实验, 反应70 min, 脱色率可达94.3%。研究结果显示, 所试灵芝漆酶在印染废水治理方面具有良好的应用前景。     

紫外、离子注入法对白腐真菌诱变效应的初步研究——多酚氧化酶菌株的选育

对白腐真菌F4孢子悬液进行紫外、N+离子注入诱变.诱变后待孢子长出单菌落,滴加茴香胺等多酚氧化酶底物,观察其颜色变化;经发酵筛选,获得一株多酚氧化酶高产菌POP5,漆酶活力是原出发菌株的16倍,并且得到一株多酚氧化酶缺失菌株POL1.紫外诱变,孢子浓度为106～108个/ml,照射时间1～2min;N+离子注入,孢子浓度为105～106个/ml,能量20Kev,剂量为5×1014ons/cm2,每个平板上生长30个左右菌落是最佳诱变选育条件.与其它真菌的孢子相比,N+离子注入法对白腐真菌F4孢子的致死率较大.     

莱氏野村菌紫外线诱变抗敌敌畏菌株的生理特性

[背景]夜蛾科害虫易对化学杀虫剂产生高抗性,但一些化学农药可以对部分虫生真菌的毒力作用效果起增幅作用,目前缺乏对莱氏野村菌(Nomuraea rileyi)的该方面研究.[目的]探究对常用有机磷杀虫剂敌敌畏具有较强耐药性的紫外线诱变莱氏野村菌突变菌株的生理特性,包括菌丝生长、产孢情况和产几丁质酶活性.[方法]在紫外线诱...     

Improvement of laccase production and its properties by low-energy ion implantation

Low-energy ion implantation was employed to breed laccase producing strain Paecilomyces sp. WSH-L07 and a mutant S152 that exhibited an activity of more than three times over the wild strain was obtained. The optimum substrate of both the wild and mutant laccases was 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate), and followed by guaiacol with optimal pH at 3.4 and 5.0, respectively, while the mutant laccase exhibited a broader active pH range. The mutant laccase had a higher optimal catalytic temperature (60–65 °C) than the wild one (55 °C), and the wild laccase deactivated rapidly when temperature increased above 55 °C. Furthermore, the mutant laccase was more stable under neutral and alkaline conditions. A thermostability experiment revealed that the mutant laccase was superior to the wild laccase. Both laccases were stable in the presence of metal ions, mildly inhibited by SDS (0.5 mM), EDTA (1 mM) and 1,4-dithiothreitol (0.5 mM), and almost completely inhibited by 0.1 mM NaN₃.     

金针菇褐化病毒(FvBV)脱毒方法

【目的】评价5种不同脱毒方法对金针菇(Flammulina velutipes)菌株的脱毒效果,筛选出脱毒率高和脱毒后金针菇菌株菌丝生长速度、生物量、漆酶活力等性状改善明显的脱毒方法。【方法】以栽培金针菇菌株F-4889为研究材料,从菌丝体中提取大小约2.0 kb的病毒dsRNA,经RT-PCR鉴定该病毒为金针菇褐化病毒(FvBV)。采用菌丝尖端分离、原基组织分离、原生质体单核化、有性生殖和核迁移5种脱毒方法对金针菇菌株进行脱毒处理,利用dsRNA技术和RT-PCR检测脱毒效果。【结果】菌丝尖端分离脱毒后得到1株脱毒菌株;原基组织分离法未能脱毒;原生质体单核化脱毒法得到3株脱毒单核菌株和2株原单杂交脱毒菌株;有性生殖脱毒法获得脱毒孢子单核菌株23株和单孢杂交脱毒菌株8株;核迁移脱毒后得到5株核迁移脱毒菌株。脱毒率依次为25.0%、0、7.5%、57.5%和100%。脱毒菌株的菌丝生长速度、生物量、漆酶活力等均优于出发菌株、菌丝尖端和原基组织分离菌株。【结论】这5种方法中原生质体单核化、有性生殖和核迁移脱毒法脱毒效果较佳,均能有效脱除FvBV,脱毒率高,脱毒后菌株菌丝生长速度、生物量、漆酶活力等均明显提高。     

The effects of N+ ion implantation mutagenesis on the laccase production of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora

In order to obtain genetically stable, high-yield, laccase-producing strains, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora was induced by N⁺ ion implantation and subcultured. The results revealed that, with energy of 30 keV and a dose of 80×10¹⁴ ions/cm², a relatively high increase in mutations and positive mutations were achieved. Three screened high-yield strains (NL3, NL4, and NL6) were obtained and subcultured. The results of the comparison showed that, NL4 had stable genetic traits and the highest laccase activity (323 U/L). In the course of fermentation, NL4 entered a vigorous growth period 24 h ahead of the original strain, and produced a large amount of laccase during the stationary phase. Up until the sixth day of fermentation achieved the highest laccase activity of 377 U/L, and a corresponding biomass dry weight of 4.2 mg/mL. The relative laccase activity of the per gram dry cells was 89.76 U, which was 4.79 times that of the original strain. The results indicated that N⁺ ion implantation was an ideal technique for microbial breeding, which could be applied for the improvement of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora.     

灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)漆酶基因的克隆及其序列分析

漆酶(laccase EC1·10·3·2)是一种含Cu的多酚氧化酶,自从1883年日本学者吉田首次从漆树汁液中发现以来,漆酶特别是真菌漆酶一直是生物学、化学和环境科学等领域十分活跃的研究热点,在纸浆的生物漂白[1,2],有毒污染物的降解[3~5]等方面有较大的应用价值.根据其来源主要分为漆树漆酶和真菌漆酶两大类,由一个结构相似的基因家族所编码,目前,至少有40个以上的真菌漆酶基因被克隆和测序[6~9],最近也有从细菌中克隆到漆酶基因的报道[10~12].我国幅员辽阔,具有十分丰富的真菌资源,但是我国对漆酶的研究与发达国家相比还十分落后,对于漆酶基因资…     

果胶酶高产菌株的紫外线及硫酸二乙酯的诱变育种

以HDYM-02为出发菌株,用紫外线及硫酸二乙酯进行诱变,从大量突变株中进行筛选,选育出2株产果胶酶性质稳定且酶活明显提高的突变株UV-21和DES-1,株相比其产酶期提前,前者在24h时的酶活力为出发菌株的1．6倍,后者在12h的酶活力为出发菌株的1．44倍。