An interview with Hiroya Kawanabe

When Eugene K. Balon first suggested publishing the present special volume, Tamotsu Iwai and Masahide Yuma asked me to inverview Hiroya Kawanabe. This was presumably because Kawanabe and I were associated in many ways for a long time, as students attending the same lectures and exercises, as young researchers involved in surveys of the ayu fish, lakes Naka-umi, and Biwa-ko, as co-authors of several papers, as joint revisers of some dictionaries, as commensals in pubs, and so on. Kawanabe loves classical music, literature, and hot-spring baths.Actually, this is not the record of an interview by me of Kawanabe. During our frequent chats in coffee shops and nomiya pubs in Kyoto and Otsu, I picked out several topics and sent questions incorporating them to Kawanabe. I received written answers from him, rearranged them together with questions, added some comments and further questions, and rendered these for his consideration. The narration in the form of an interview was thus prepared. M.J. Grygier of the Lake Biwa Museum and G.C. Kearn of the University of East Anglia took the job of revising the English, for which we are grateful. I should add one thing. Kawanabe always addresses people as san in Japanese, not sensei – a very common way to refer to professors and teachers – and he himself likes to be called san. So, I adopted -san as a suffix for the names of people throughout his narration.     

Lifetime list of publications by Ethelwynn Trewavas

Environmental Biology of Fishes -     

Lifetime list of publications by Eugenie Clark

Environmental Biology of Fishes -     

The life and work of Hiroya Kawanabe: the priest ecologist

Hiroya Kawanabe was born the son of a Buddhist priest and teacher of Japanese literature, who died when Kawanabe was very young. Kawanabe also studied Buddhism by himself, and passed the examination to be a priest of his sect while still in high school. He studied zoology and ecology at Kyoto University and earned his doctorate under the guidance of Denzaburo Miyadi, a well-known Japanese ecologist, in 1960. During his academic career at Kyoto University, Kawanabe advanced to hold the chair of Animal Ecology as Professor in the Department of Zoology. Kawanabe's doctoral research concerned the social behavior and population ecology of the ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, an amphidromous fish that lives in streams as adults and grazes algae. His research lead to the discovery that social structure changed from territoriality to schooling as population density increased, and also varied with changes in food and habitat. During this work, he pioneered the use of underwater observation to study ecolo gy of freshwater fishes in streams. Kawanabe also observed ayu social structure from the northern to southern limits of their range, and advanced the theory that the more stable territoriality in the Lake Biwa population was a relic social structure to guarantee food supply during earlier glacial periods when productivity was lower. Additional work on stream fishes in central Japan and Okinawa Island led Kawanabe to propose that interactions among individuals affect interspecific relationships, and thereby, community structure. Discussions with Charles Elton, the famous British ecologist of Oxford University, strengthened Kawanabe's view that communities could be best understood as the whole of interrelationships among organisms. Kawanabe advanced these ideas during a joint study he led with a host of Japanese and Zairean scientists on the fishes of Lake Tanganyika, beginning in 1979. This work, as well as additional research on Lake Biwa in Japan, led to a deeper understanding of the complexity of biotic interactions (including competition, predation, mutualism, commensalism, and indirect effects) that promote the high species diversity in these ecosystems. In addition to basic research, Kawanabe was part of research teams organized during the 1960s by D. Miyadi to study the effects of public works projects on natural environments and biota in Lake Naka-umi and Lake Biwa. During the late 1980s he expanded his network to an international venue, both by organizing and hosting important international ecological meetings in Japan, such as the Fifth International Ecological Congress, and by increasing his international activities to promote global biodiversity. In 1991, Kawanabe founded the Center for Ecological Research at Kyoto University to study the interrelationships among organisms and their environments. Recently retired from the University, he became Director General of the new Lake Biwa Museum in 1996, and continues to promote conservation of biodiversity worldwide through an international network of scientists and organizations.     

An annotated list of the publications of Rupert C. Barneby

Rupert Barneby had 263 publications (two of which were published with two volumes each) during his career (including 56 book reviews), and additionally published new taxa and combinations in 16 publications by B. A. Krukoff, S. L. Welsh, and A. Lourteig. In total, these publications amount to 7676 pages. Each entry was examined, was dated as accurately as possible, and was annotated with any new nomenclauture presented in the publication. Barneby published 4 new subtribes within the legumes, 9 new genera of legumes (one based on a new combination) and 6 new genera of Menispermaceae, 621 new species (including 6 new nothospecies), 16 new subspecies, 355 new varieties, and 1 new form. Additionally, he published 238 new infrageneric taxa (subgenera, sections, or subsections). he made numerous new combinations (including nomina nova) at the infrageneric level (169), the species level (582), the subspecific level (27), and the varietal level (533), as well as a single combination at the form level.     

Fish Biology in Japan: An Anthology in Honour of Hiroya Kawanabe (Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes 18. Series Editor (Eugene K. Balon). Edited by M. Yuma,I. Nakamura and K. D. Fausch

Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries -     

Lifetime egg maturation by host-deprived Venturia canescens

The study investigated egg maturation and deposition by the endoparasitoid wasp Venturia canescens under conditions of host deprivation. Female V. canescens maintained without hosts began to deposit eggs onto the sides of the culture vessel on the day of eclosion. The maturation of additional eggs was not inhibited once the maximum oviduct egg load was reached but rather continued for the duration of the experiment (up to 39 days), at a rate of around 5.8% of the remaining unmatured eggs per day. Following host access, wasps matured additional eggs at an increased rate. Artificial damage to the ovipositor resulted in a reduced rate of egg maturation even though the oviducts were partly egg depleted, while damage to the auxiliary valvulae had no effect. These results suggest two conclusions. Under conditions of host deprivation, the rate at which eggs are matured is determined by the rate of synthesis of precursors by the fat body that in turn is modified by feedback from the ovipositor, induced by physical stimulation. Further, the discarding of eggs is due to the involuntary unidirectional movement of eggs down the oviduct, facilitated by the ongoing maturation of additional eggs.     

Reviews of publications

The Diatoms–Biology and Morpology of the Genera, by F. E. Round, R. M. Crawford and D. G. Mann.
The Control of Eutrophication of Lakes and Reservoirs, edited by S.-O. Ryding and W. Rast.
An Amazonian Rain Forest, edited by C. F. Jordan. Vol. 2 in Man and the Biosphere Series. Carnforth, Lanes., U.K.
Exploiting the Tropical Rain Forest, edited by D. Lamb, Vol. 3 in Man and the Biosphere Series. Carnforth, Lanes
Biological Control of Microbial Plant Pathogens, by R. Campbell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Aquatic Plant Book, by C. D. K. Cook. The Hague, The Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing     

Reviews of publications

Book reviewed in this article:
The North American Grasshoppers:Volume II Acrididae, Oedipodinae , by D. Otte.
Animal Behavior and ils Applicaiions, by Derek V. Ellis.
Bracken:Ecology, Land Use and Control Technology, edited by R. T. Smith and J. A. Taylor.
Functional Vertebrate Morphology, edited by M. Hildebrand, D. M. Bramble, K. F. Liem and D. B. Wake.
Air Pollution by Pholochemical Oxidants, edited by R. Guderian.
Physiological Ecology of Lichens (Cambridge Studies in Ecology), by Kenneth A. Kershaw.
The Evolutionary Ecology of Ant-Plant mutualisms , by A. J. Beattie.
Fundamentals of Insect Physiology, edited by Murray S. Blum.
The Leajhppers and Planthoppers, edited by L. R. Nault and J. G. Rodriguez.     

Reviews of publications

Book reviewed in this article:
Marine fish larvae-morphology, ecology and relation to fisheries , edited by Reuben Lasker.
Environmental Physiology of Plants , by A. H. Fitter & R. K. M. Hay.
Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics , by Clive A.
Dinosaurs , by L. B. Halstead &Jenny Halstead.
Large White Butterfly. The biology, biochemistry and physiolosy of Pieris brassicae ( Linnaeaus ), by John Feltwell.
Omnivorous primates: Gathering and hunting in human evolution , edited by Robert S. O. Harding and Geza Teleki.
Handbook of Zoo Medicine , by Heinz George Klös & Ernst Lang.
Cetacean behaviour: Mechanisms and functions , edited by L. M. Herman Wiley     

Reviews of publications

Book reviewed in this article:
Life Among the Scientists. An anthropological study of an Australian scientific community, by Max Charlesworth, Lyndsay Farrall, Terry Stokes and David Turnbull.
Carnivore Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution, edited by John L. Gittleman.
Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, Volume 6, edited by P. H. Harvey and L. Partridge.
The Malay Archipelago, by Alfred Russel Wallace, with an introduction by John Bastin.
Microbial Products: New Approaches, edited by S. Baumberg, I. S. Hunter & M. Rhodes.
Life at the Edge: Readings from Scientific American Magazine, edited by James L. Gould and Carol L. Gould.
Theoretical Population Genetics, by J. S. Gale.
Speciation and its Consequences, edited by Daniel Otte and John A. Endler.
Island Africa, The Evolution of Africa's Rare Animals and Plants, by Jonathan Kingdon.     

Reviews of publications

Book reviewed in this article:
Taxonomy of Economic Seaweeds: With reference to some Pacific and Caribbean Species, 2 edited by Isabella A. Abbott. La Jolla
Botanic Gardens and the World Conservation Strategy edited by D. Bramwell, O. Hamann, V. Heywood & H. Synge
Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry 3rd ed., by J. B. Harborne
A monographic study of the genus Rosularia (Crassulaceae) by Urs Eggli
The Photographic Guide to Identify Mediterranean Wild Flowers by Roger Phillips assisted by Martin Rix and Nicky Fox
The Photographic Guide to Identify Mediterranean Wild Flowers by Roger Phillips assisted by Martin Rix and Nicky Fox
Conserving the Wild Relatives of Crops by Erich Hoyt.
Somatic Cell Genetics of Woody Plants edited by M. R. Ahuja
Indian Journal of Natural Rubber Research
Dictionary of Weeds of Eastern Europe by G. Williams and K. Hunyadi
Nutrition of the Angiosperm Embryo by David R. Murray.
Plant Pigments edited by T. W. Goodwin.
Panbiogeography edited by R. Craw & G. Sermonti
Saxifrages of Europe: with notes on African, American and some Asiatic species by D. A. Webb & R. J. Gornall