中国栅蛛属2新种记述(蜘蛛目:栅蛛科)

本文记了分别采自云南高黎贡山的栅蛛科栅蛛属Hahnia 2新种:垭口栅蛛,新种S.yakouensis sp.nov.和肾形栅蛛,新种S.reniformis sp.nov..垭口栅蛛后眼列前曲,交媾腔大,扁圆形,交媾孔1个,位于交媾腔下缘,交媾管粗,呈"人"字形下行分成2支再向两侧扭曲.纳精囊有一肓管斜向上伸出,鉴于上述特征而与Hahnia mridulae Tikader,1970不同.肾形栅蛛交媾孔2个,位于生殖厣腹面中央,纳精囊1对,大,肾形,插入器始于生殖球左下方,鉴于上述特征而与Hahnia xinjiangensis Wang et Liang,1989不同. Abstract： The present paper deals with two new species of the genus Hahnia collected from the Gaoligong Mountains Region of Yunnan Province, China: Hahnia yakouensis sp. nov., Hahnia reniformis sp. nov..     

注重发挥博士后科研生力军作用

中国医科大学博士后科研流动站始建1995年。目前学校设有基础医学、临床医学和生物学3个博士后科研流动站。但由于每年国家财力有限,资助名额很少,在有限条件下建立、健全博士后制度,加强对博士后人员的培养,调动博士后人员的积极性是一项重要的研究课题。     

遗传物质的发现者之一——麦卡锡

1944年,3位科学家艾弗里、麦卡锡和麦克劳德在DNA遗传本质方面的发现是20世纪最重要的发现之一,这个发现打开了生物学革命的大门,从而改变了人类对自然界的看法,这项研究还为1953年沃森和克里克DNA双螺旋结构的发现奠定了坚实的基础,但不幸的是3位科学家都未曾荣获诺贝尔奖.通过介绍麦克林·麦卡锡的科学研究,从而对这项发现的基本状况有一个基本的了解.     

生命之树与进化模式:导言

One and half centuries ago, Charles Darwin (1859) presented overwhelming evidence and argued that all life on the earth shared common descent, and "from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being evolved". Ernst Haeckel (1886) and several of his contemporaries attempted to trace the pattern of descent among all extant and extinct forms in what Darwin referred to as "the great Tree of Life". Ever since then, systematists and evolutionary biologists have been exploring morphological, cytogenetic, chemical, developmental and molecular characters, and actively developing theories and methods to infer phylogenetic relationships among organisms from these characters. This endeavor has been especially stimulated by the rise of molecular biology and the emergence of computer science over the past 50 years. At the beginning of the 21st century, we are presented with an unprecedented opportunity to reconstruct the entire Tree of Life, and further, to study evolutionary processes and mechanisms in the context of a robust phylogenetic framework.     

我国微生态学的奠基人——魏曦

魏曦,字东升,1903年12月25日出生于湖南岳阳一个小职员家庭,父亲任职于邮政局.1914～1921年他在家乡湖滨中学读书,毕业后考入长沙湘雅医学院,学习两年后曾参加北伐军,任第四集团军警卫团三等军医.后退出军队,在长沙广雅中学任教.1928年入设立在上海的中央大学医学院(1932年独立为上海医学院)学习,1933年毕业,获博士学位.     

高黎贡山北段东西坡种子植物区系的比较研究

高黎贡山北段的东西坡由于在降雨量和热量分配等方面存在着显著的差异,致使东西坡在植物的种类、组成及区系特征等方面表现出明显的差异.东坡记载野生种子植物152科,580属,1475种及192变种(亚种),西坡记载野生种子植物162科,659属,1804种及186变种(亚种).东西坡种子植物科、属、种的对比分析表明:1)东西坡现代种子植物区系具有相同的历史渊源,但其区系联系减弱了,东西坡区系相似性程度,依科、属、种的顺序依次递减;2)西坡现代种子植物区系比东坡具有更为深刻的热带起源烙印.就科、属、种三个水平来说,东坡的热带成分低于西坡,温带成分高于西坡.许多典型的泛热带大科在西坡比东坡有着更为丰富的种类,其中有些泛热带科分子在东坡缺乏分布,而在西坡找到了合适的驻留之地;3)西坡现代种子植物区系与东喜马拉雅植物区系的联系比东坡紧密,而东坡与高黎贡山以东的区系联系比西坡密切,由于高黎贡山山脉的阻隔,近代植物物种的东西坡交流发生了障碍;4)西坡生态地理环境比东坡更有利于物种的生存、繁衍和分化,它既是古老成分的避难所,又是孕育新生成分的摇篮.     

用叶绿体ndhF和核核糖体ITS序列推断李属(蔷薇科)的系统发育

Sequences of the chloroplast ndhF gene and the nuclear ribosomal ITS regions are employed to reconstruct the phylogeny of Prunus (Rosaceae), and evaluate the classification schemes of this genus. The two data sets are congruent in that the genera Prunus s.l. and Maddenia form a monophyletic group, with Maddenia nested within Prunus. However, the ndhF data set is incongruent with the ITS data supporting two major groups within Prunus one consisting of subgenera Laurocerasus (including Pygeum) and Padus as well as the genus Maddenia and another of subgenera Amygdalus, Cerasus, and Prunus. The ITS data, on the other hand, support a clade composed of subgenera Amygdalus and Prunus and Prunus sect. Microcerasus in addition to a paraphyletic grade of subgenera Laurocerasus and Padus (and the genus Maddenia) taxa. In general, the subgeneric classifications of Prunus s.l. are not supported. The ITS and ndhF phylogenies differ mainly in interspecific relationships and the relative position of the Padus/Laurocerasus group. Both ITS and ndhF data sets suggest that the formerly recognized genus Pygeum is polyphyletic and that the distinction of the subgenera Padus and Laurocerasus is not supported. The biogeographic interactions of the temperate and tropical members in the Padus/Laurocera- sus/Maddenia alliance including Pygeum are shown to be highly dynamic and complex.     

鸡的瞬膜

瞬膜(nictitating membrane),又称第三眼睑,是一种保护眼球、防止灰尘的结构.鸟类的瞬膜位于眼眶的前眼角,为半透明的膜,其内缘具有一种羽毛上皮,借以刷洗角膜上的灰尘.在飞行时能遮覆眼球,以避免干燥气流和灰尘对眼球的伤害.由于瞬膜在鸟类睁眼的一瞬间迅速缩回前眼角,很难拍摄到.最近费了好大的周折,终于拍到了理想的鸡瞬膜照片,现予以发表供生物学界的同行共享(友情提示:如引用请注明原作者).     

途经甘肃的3种水鸟新纪录

2007年10月13日至11月5日进行敦煌市湿地鸟类调查时,分别在南湖湿地与候鸟自然保护区及党河水库使用Leica apo77高倍望远镜观察到3种水鸟,在以往的文献资料中未见其分布于甘肃的报道,应为甘肃鸟类新纪录。笔者用500mm镜头分别拍下3种水鸟的照片。1.赤颈(Podiceps grisegena)2007年10月13日13:30时,在南湖湿地与候鸟自然保护区的阳关水库(渥洼池)记录到2只赤颈。当时水面上同时有凤头(P.cristatus)、黑颈(P.nigricollis)以及大量鸭类、潜鸭类游禽活动,赤颈体形较凤头小,而又明显比黑颈大。其中一只赤颈的…     

贵州蚋属一新种 (双翅目：蚋科)

 记述采自贵州雷公山的蚋属一新种, 显著蚋Simulium (Simulium) prominentum, 新种 。根据其蛹和幼虫的特征显著而命名, 对其幼期形态进行描述并与其近缘种作分类讨论。     

贵州蚋属一新种(双翅目：蚋科)

记述采自贵州雷公山的蚋属一新种, 显著蚋Simulium (Simulium) prominentum, 新种。根据其蛹和幼虫的特征显著而命名, 对其幼期形态进行描述并与其近缘种作分类讨论。     

陕西省蚋属一新种记述(双翅目:蚋科)

Simulium (Simulium) liubaense, sp. nov. is described based on the female specimens collected from Liuba, Shaanxi Province, China. This species is assigned to the variegotum-group of the subgenus Simulium, and is closely related to S. (S.) jingfui Cai and An, 2008, S. (S.) taiwanicum Takaoka, 1979, S. (S.) hackeri Edwards 1928, S. (S.) chamlongi Takaoka and Suzuki, 1984. However it is clearly differentiated from them by the structure of cibarium, genital fork, genital plate, paraproct and cercus of the female. All the specimens are kept in the Medical Entomology Collection Gallery, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing.     

The Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Europe: multiple character sets for assessing species status

The value of using characters from multiple sources – chromosomes, ecology, gene sequences, and morphology – to evaluate the species status of closely related black flies is demonstrated for three European members of the Simulium vernum group: Simulium crenobium (Knoz, 1961), Simulium juxtacrenobium Bass & Brockhouse, 1990, and Simulium vernum s.s. Macquart, 1826. Simulium juxtacrenobium is a chromosomally, molecularly, and morphologically distinct species that diverged from S. crenobium and S. vernum s.s. about 2 Mya. It is specialized for intermittent streams, is univoltine, and is recorded for the first time from northern Europe, based on collections from Finland and Sweden, representing a range extension of about 1800 km. In contrast, S. crenobium, although confirmed as a distinct species, differs from S. vernum s.s. by only a few larval and chromosomal characters, and by a breeding habitat restricted to mountain spring brooks. Whereas all four character sets independently support the specific distinctness of S. juxtacrenobium and S. vernum s.s., multiple character sets are required to establish the specific validity of S. crenobium.     

青海特蚋亚属一新种(双翅目:蚋科)

Simulium (Tetisimulium) xiaodaoense sp. nov. is described based on the female specimens collected from Qinghai, China. This species is assigned to the subgenus Tetisimulium, and is closely related to S. (T.) tachengense An and Mahe, 1994 and S. (T.) wutaishanense An and Yan, 2003. However, it is clearly differentiated from them by the structure of gonapophyses, genital fork, genital plate, paraproct and cercus of the female. All the specimens are kept in the Medical Entomology Collection Gallery, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing.     

贵州纺蚋亚属二新种(双翅目： 蚋科)

记述了采自贵州雷公山自然保护区的纺蚋二新种,清水纺蚋Simulium (Nevermannia) qingshuiense sp. Nov.和桥落纺蚋S. (N.) qiaolaoense sp. Nov.,二者均以其产地命名。文中对其成虫、蛹和幼虫形态进行了全面描述,并与其近缘种进行分类讨论。模式标本存放在贵阳医学院生物学教研室。     

Experimental hybridization between members of the Simulium damnosum complex

Abstract. Males of the Beffa form of Simulium soubrense Vajime and Dunbar were successfully crossed with female S.squamosum V. & D. and S.sanctipauli V. & D. Fertile eggs from both crosses were reared to larvae and, in the case of the BeifaXsquamosum cross, to adults.
Larval chromosomes from the Beffa x sanctipauli cross had normally paired homologues but those of the Beffa xsquamosum cross showed extensive asynapsis and large heterozygous loops. The morphology of the larval and adult hybrids from the BeftaXsquamosum cross were more characteristic of squamosum , but the adult males had scutal patterns typical of the Beffa form and retained this form's laboratory-mating propensity.     

兴义维蚋多线染色体研究（英文）

首次在国内对兴义维蚋Simulium (Wilhelmia) xingyiense的多线染色体进行研究, 并提供其多线染色体标准图。选取兴义维蚋的成熟幼虫, 用改良苯酚品红染色法进行唾腺多线染色体制备, 并进行测量、 描述及分析。结果表明： 兴义维蚋多线染色体数目为3对（2n=6）。Ⅰ号染色体具中央着丝粒, Ⅱ和Ⅲ号染色体均为亚中央着丝粒染色体。核仁组织者区位于Ⅰ号染色体短臂近着丝粒端。巴尔比尼氏环和双泡位于Ⅱ号染色体短臂近中央位置。3对染色体的着丝粒区可形成明显的染色中心。兴义维蚋多线染色体具有多态性的倒位, 倒位频率为0.64。兴义维蚋多线染色体的着丝粒、 核仁组织区、 巴氏环、 双泡等主要特征性结构的位置及形态恒定一致,可作为该种的重要鉴别特征。其多态性的倒位可为该蚋种在细胞水平上进行蚋类分类鉴别和系统发育等研究提供基础资料。