杉科的细胞分类学和系统演化研究

根据杉科的核型资料,本文(1)提出“1B”可能是一个新的高等植物核型类型;(2)讨论了各属的有关分类学问题及相互亲缘关系,它们的进化顺序可能是柳杉属、水松属、落羽杉属、水杉属、巨杉属、红杉属、杉木属(密叶杉属与之近缘)、台湾杉属;(3)支持金松属分立成金松科,它可能比杉科各属原始;(4)红杉(AAAABB)的亲本可能是二个古代种水杉”和“巨杉”,它们的直接后裔或留下的近缘是水杉和巨杉;(5)杉科存在A和L两条进化路线,前者包括柳杉属、水松属、落羽杉属、台湾杉属,后者包括水杉属、巨杉属、红杉属、杉木属(密叶杉属);(6)提出一个杉科新系统(包括一个新亚科)：I．柳杉亚科(柳杉属),II．落羽杉亚科(水松属、落羽杉属),III．红杉亚科(冰杉属、巨杉属、红杉属),Ⅳ.杉木亚科(杉木属、密叶杉属),V．台湾杉亚科,新亚科(台湾杉属)。本文还对前人的杉科系统作了讨论。     

广西五加科分类研究新评注

广西五加科植物不但种类丰富,占全国总种数的1/3强,而且经济价值大。中外驰名的人参,在广西引种已成功,有效成分与东北产人参相似,只是糖分略较东北人参为高;人们熟悉的五加皮酒的主药五加皮,广西产量大宗,有广阔的利用前景;民间治风湿要药枫荷桂,广西全境有产,储藏量大,也是一种有发展前途的草药。笔者借编著《广西植物志》之机,对我所馆藏的本科广西标本作了全面研究、订正。在研究叶形变异大的树参属(Dendropanax Decne.)和罗伞树属(Brassaiopsis Decne.)时,遇到了不少困难,后来得到美国哈佛大学植物标本馆给予借用于30年代在广西采的几个种的模式标本,才使困难得以解决。现已知广西五加科共有16属(野生),70种以上。本文报道65种。     

东北产20种植物染色体数目

东北产２０种植物染色体数目沙伟,王丽华,杨晓杰,戚晓丽,马革红,赵大勇（齐齐哈尔师范学院生物系齐齐哈尔１６１００６）关键词染色体数目,毛茛属,蒲公英属,鸢尾属,白屈菜属ＣＨＲＯＭＯＳＯＭＥＮＵＭＢＥＲＳＯＦ２０ＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＦＲＯＭＮＯＲＴＨＥＡＳＴ...     

几种党参属植物及其近缘种花粉形态的比较

对6种桔梗科（党参属Codonopsis4个种以及桔梗属Platycodon和风铃草属Campanula各1种）花粉进行了光镜及扫描电镜的观察比较,发现党参属不同种花粉的形态特征很不相同,易于区别,如党参花粉极面观多为7裂圆形,外壁形面具乳突状的短刺,川党参花粉极面观圆形,刺在沟的两旁排成两列,小花党参花粉极面观近圆形至7裂圆形,外壁表面的刺比其它种的都大,鸡蛋参花粉外壁表面的刺柔软而稍为弯曲,其长度为上述各种刺的数倍,桔梗属和风铃草属花粉与党参属花粉的差异更大,桔梗属花粉粒扁球形,极面观五角形,少数四或六角形,风铃草属花粉粒更为特殊,极面观近圆三角形,具3孔,花粉外壁的刺不仅锐利而且很粗,花粉形态在党参属不同种间以及党参属与桔梗属和风铃草属之间的差异为其分类学提供了进一步的孢粉学资料。     

中国毛茛科植物小志(十七)

在本文中描述了乌头属和翠雀属各一新种和一新亚种,唐松草属一新种,侧金盏花属一新亚种,以及毛茛属五新种,首次报道了圆叶唐松草在中国西藏南部的分布,在对叶、雄蕊和心皮的形态特征进行了分析之后认为,这种植物与特产云南的糙叶唐松草有一定亲缘关系。     

杉科的细胞分类学和系统演化研究

根据杉科的核型资料,本文(1)提出“1B”可能是一个新的高等植物核型类型;(2)讨论了各属的有关分类学问题及相互亲缘关系,它们的进化顺序可能是柳杉属、水松属、落羽杉属、水杉属、巨杉属、红杉属、杉木属(密叶杉属与之近缘)、台湾杉属;(3)支持金松属分立成金松科,它可能比杉科各属原始; (4)红杉(AAAABB)的亲本可能是二个古代种“水杉”和“巨杉”,它们的直接后裔或留下的近缘是水杉和巨杉;(5)杉科存在A和L两条进化路线,前者包括柳杉属、水松属、落羽杉属、台湾杉属;后者包括水杉属、巨杉属、红杉属、杉木属(密叶杉属);(6)提出一个杉科新系统(包括一个新亚科):Ⅰ.柳杉亚科(柳杉属),Ⅱ.落羽杉亚科(水松属、落羽杉属),Ⅲ.红杉亚科(水杉属、巨杉属、红杉属),Ⅳ.杉木亚科(杉木属、密叶杉属),Ⅴ.台湾杉亚科,新亚科(台湾杉属)。本文还对前人的杉科系统作了讨论。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.