“跳一跳”争霸赛

<正>当真实的野生动物和你一起玩"跳一跳",你猜,现场会是什么样子?如果要在你和动物中选出跳跃姿势最美、跳跃效果最炫的那一个,谁才是游戏的最终赢家?话不多说,好戏开场!特别福利:为了方便观众评选,参与本场"跳一跳"的野生动物全是走兽,绝对养眼哦!美洲狮擅长跳跃的走兽中,有一位神秘优雅的高手——美洲狮。它主动要求在山涧上"跳一跳"。面对十几米宽的山涧,它优雅地助跑,然后轻轻松松一跃而过,只留下一个潇洒的背影,实在是太酷炫了。退场时,美洲狮表示,它有强健的后腿和又粗又长的尾巴,能在跳跃中既有力量又保持平衡。     

跳蝽──善跳的半翅目昆虫

跳蝽科Saldidae隶属于半翅目Heteroptera细蝽型（Leptopodomorpha）,目前已知共有26属277种,估计该科在全世界可有300多种。作者曾报道过中国的跳蝽2亚科9属34种（1987）[1,2],现已增至2亚科11属41种。跳蝽为世界性分布,大部分种类分布于全北界。目前已较系统地进行过区系调查的包括欧洲、独联体、中国、北美和中美。南美、非洲、南亚、西亚及大洋洲等地区的跳蝽种类只见零星的报道。跳蝽个体小,一般体长3～8mm,黑色或黑褐色,翅上具浅色斑纹,两个复眼大而突出。不同的属一般外貌上差异不大,因此在分类鉴定上有一定的困难。翅多…     

中国跳小蜂科三新种(膜翅目：跳小蜂科)

描述了在湖南省采集的寄生蚧虫的跳小蜂3新种：短尾阿德跳小蜂Adelencyrtus brachycaudae新种,中华阿德跳小蜂Adelencyrtus chinensis新种和湖南花翅跳小蜂Microterys hunanensis新种。模式标本保存于河南农业大学生物工程学院植物保护系昆虫标本室。     

中国阿拉姆跳小蜂属和隐跳小蜂属分类研究（膜翅目：跳小蜂科）

对中国四突跳小蜂亚科的阿拉姆跳小蜂属Alamella Agarwal 和隐跳小蜂属Cryptanusia Girault 进行了研究。对马氏阿拉姆跳小蜂Alamella maai Noyes & Hayat和台湾隐跳小蜂Cryptanusia taiwanus Chen & Chen进行了详细描述,并提供了这2种跳小蜂的形态特征图。此前这2个种仅知分布于我国台湾,本研究是这2个种在中国大陆的首次发现。     

蹲跳、反向跳和下落跳的膝关节屈伸肌群肌电信号分析

目的：通过观察肌电图（EMG）的变化,了解运动员与普通中学生在纵跳过程中,膝关节屈伸肌群工作特点,为运动员科学选材提供依据。方法：30名男女青少年运动员和30名男女普通中学生进行各种形式纵跳（蹲跳、反向跳、下落跳）,测试膝关节屈伸肌群的EMG变化情况。结果：主动肌（股外肌）EMG的变化存在性别差异,随着下肢工作强度的增加,男运动员积分肌电图（iEMG)和平均功率频率（Fmean)均没有显著变化,女运动员iEMG增加,Fmean没有显著变化,对抗肌（股二头肌）,随着下肢工作强度的增加。青少年运动员EMG活动变化较小,而普通中学生的EMG活动明显增加。结论：在增加工作负荷的过程中,男运动员膝关节伸肌群以提高效率为主,女运动员以提高肌肉的募集数量为主;运动员的对抗肌协调水平高于普通中学生。     

香港跳蛛记述(蜘蛛目:跳蛛科)

本文报道采自香港的蜘蛛目跳蛛科4新种及香港的1新记录种：铜头菱头蛛Bianoraeneiceps（Simon,1901）;香港菱头蛛,新种Bianorhongkongsp．nov．;香港伊蛛,新种Iciushongkongsp.nov．;香港兰戈纳蛛,新种Langonahongkongsp．nov．;香港盘蛛,新种Pancoriushongkongsp．nov。迄今香港已知跳蛛24种。     

香港跳蛛记述

本文报道采自香港的蜘蛛目跳蛛科４新种及香港的１新记录种：铜头菱头蛛;香港菱头蛛,亲种Ｂｉａｎｏｒ ｈｏｎｇｋｏｎｇ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;香港伊蛛,新种ｋｉｕｓ ｈｏｎｇｋｏｎｇｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;香港兰纳蛛,新种Ｌａｎｇｏｎａ ｈｏｎｇｋｏｎｇ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;香港盘蛛,新种Ｐａｎｃｏｒｉｕｓ ｈｏｎｇｋｏｎｇ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。迄今香港已知蛛２４种。     

石井花翅跳小蜂(膜翅目: 跳小蜂科)的雌雄同体个例

报道了石井花翅跳小蜂的雌雄同体一例,并提供了其形态特征图。研究标本育自柑橘绵蜡蚧,采集地为浙江省衙县,保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

中国艾菲跳小蜂属一新种(膜翅目:跳小蜂科)

本文对艾菲跳小蜂属Aphycus(膜翅目Hymenoptera:跳小蜂科Encyrtidae)的2种进行了研究,标本均采自中国四川省。发现并描述了一新种——康定艾菲跳小蜂Aphycus kangdingensis sp.nov.,另一种为札幌艾菲跳小蜂Aphycus sapporoensis(CompereAnnecke)。研究标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

阔柄跳小蜂属一新种(膜翅目,跳小蜂科)

记述了阔柄跳小蜂属Metaphycus 1新种,阿土阔柄跳小蜂Metaphycus aretus sp.nov.(膜翅目,跳小蜂科),并提供了新种的主要形态特征图.阿土阔柄跳小蜂属于zebratus种团,与M.maculipennis形态相似,但该种柄节外侧除白色背脊外,中间无白色条带;前额宽约为1/3头宽;产卵器长约为第3产卵瓣长5.5 ～5.9倍.研究标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所国家动物标本馆.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.