关于东方蜡蝉属PYROPS SPINOLA的名称问题：（半翅目：蜡蝉总科：蜡蝉科：蜡蝉？

Ｌｉｎｎａｅｕｓ（１７５８,１７６４,１７６７）将产于南美的蜡蝉ｌａｔｅｒｎａｒｉａ和产于中国的蜡蝉ｃａｎｄｅｌａｒｉａ分别描记于Ｃｉｃａｄａ、Ｌａｔｅｒｎａｒｉａ和Ｆｕｌｇｏｒａ三个不同的属下,由此产生了命名学上的一个问题。一些学者将ｃａｎｄｅｌａｒｉａ及东洋区的相关种类归为Ｆｕｌｇｏｒａ下（如Ｄｉｓａｎｔ,１９０６,１９６１;Ｂａｋｅｒ,１９２５）;而另一些学者则将ｌａｔｅｒｎａｒｉａ及新热带     

弧角蝉族二新属四新种（同翅目：角蝉科）

弧角蝉族二新属四新种（同翅目：角蝉科）袁锋,田润刚（陕西省杨陵区西北农业大学昆虫研究所,陕西省杨陵区７１２１００）关键词角蝉科,弧角蝉族,新属,新种,中国①国家自然科学基金资助项目ＴＷＯＮＥＷＧＥＮＥＲＡＡＮＤＦＯＵＲＮＥＷＳＰＥＣＩＥＳＯＦＬＥＰＴ...     

亚草叶蝉属分类订正（半翅目：叶蝉科：角顶叶蝉亚科：隆脊叶蝉族）

对亚草叶蝉属进行系统研究并首次报道其在中国分布,共记述5种：E. acarifer (Lethierry),E. hilaris (Melichar),E. magnus Mitjaev,E. medius (Mulsant & Rey) 和E. pratensis Emeljanov,其中E. hilaris (Melichar) 和E. medius (Mulsant & Rey) 为中国新记录种。文中提供了分种检索表和雄性外生殖器特征图,并首次记述和提供雌性生殖器特征。     

中国雅角蝉属一新种：同翅目：角蝉科

中国雅角蝉属一新种（同翅目：角蝉科）袁锋,范骁凌（西北农业大学昆虫研究所陕西省杨陵区７１２１００）本文记述了采自云南勐腊、勐养雅角蝉属ＣｅｎｔｒｏｃｈａｒｅｓＳｔｌ１新种。模式标本保存于西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。花翅雅角蝉Ｃｅｎｔｒｏｃｈａｒｅｓｐｏｒ...     

中国三瘤蝉属一新种(同翅目：蝉科)

中国三瘤蝉属一新种（同翅目：蝉科）雷仲仁,李莉（西北农业大学昆虫研究所陕西杨陵７１２１００）作者在进行中国蝉科较系统的分类研究时,发现三瘤蝉属一新种。模式标本保存在西北农业大学昆虫博物馆（正模）和中国科学院动物研究所（副模）。长度单位为ｍｍ。穹三瘤蝉...     

禾本科甘蔗亚族一新属

８０年代初期,我们在云南采到５号标本,解剖观察认为是甘蔗亚族（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｎａｅ）植物。再进一步查对,要把它放入这个亚族中的任何一属均觉不妥。故另立新属与新种。本新属与芒属（Ｍｉｓｃａｎｔｈｕｓ）似有亲缘关系。     

犀角杆蝉属－新种（同翅目：叶蝉科：杆蝉亚科）

犀角杆蝉属－新种（同翅目：叶蝉科：杆蝉亚科）张雅林,沈林（西北农业大学昆虫研究所,陕西省杨陵区７１２１００）关键词杆蝉亚科,犀角杆蝉属,分类,新种,中国南部犀角杆蝉属由ＳＰｉｎｏｌａ建立于１８５０年,Ｋｒａｍｅｒ１９６５年对本属进行了订正。该属现已知...     

白细胞介素2调节CC亚族趋化因子基因表达

白细胞介素２调节ＣＣ亚族趋化因子基因表达几项研究已表明,ＣＣ亚族趋化因子（ＣＣ－ＣＫ）可吸引Ｔ细胞,其中主要是ＣＤ４５ＲＯ＋、具有记忆表型的Ｔ细胞。为了进一步弄清ＣＣ－ＣＫ的趋化作用及ＣＣ－ＣＫ受体（ＣＣ－ＣＫＲ）的表达调节,Ｌｏｅｔｓｃｈｅｒ等将血...     

禾本科目蔗亚族一新属

８０年代初期，我们在云南采到５号标本，解剖观察认是甘蔗亚族（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｎａｅ）植物。再进一步查对，要把它放入这个亚族中的任何一属均觉不妥，故另立新属与新种，本新属与芒属（Ｍｉｓｃａｎｔｈｕｓ）似有亲缘关系。     

基于ITS和matK序列的獐牙菜亚族 (龙胆科龙胆族)分子系统学

为探讨獐牙菜亚族（subtribe Swertiinae）各属之间和一些属内的系统关系,本研究选取了该亚族14属68种1变种,采用最大简约法（maximum parsimony）和贝叶斯法（Bayesian inference）对样品核基因ITS和叶绿体基因matK的两个片段进行独立和联合分析。结果显示：Bartonia位于亚族的最基部;喉毛花属（Comastoma）、肋柱花属（Lomatogonium）和假龙胆属（Gentianella）都非单系,处于同一个较为进化的分支中;獐牙菜属折皱组（Swertia sect. Rugosa）和獐牙菜组（S. sect. Swertia）亲缘关系最近,宽丝组（S. sect. Platynema）和藏獐牙菜组（S. sect. Kingdon Wardia）亲缘关系最近;口药花属（Jaeschkea）与獐牙菜属多枝组（S. sect. Ophelia）的大籽獐牙菜（Smacrosperma）亲缘关系最近。同时讨论了獐牙菜亚族形态分类与分子数据不一致的原因。     

Formation of Wine Aroma: Tones and Imperfections Caused by Minor Components (Review)

Mechanisms of the formation of primary and secondary wine aromas and processes associated with wine maturation and aging are reviewed. Compounds determining brand- or technology-specific aroma tones (floral, fruit, honey, black-currant, nightshade, yeast, oak-cask, thermal-treatment, etc.) are identified. Chemical background of unacceptable, foul tones (oxidized, murine, acetate, hydrogen-sulfide, saprogenic, cabbage, hospital, mold, vulpine, etc.) is presented.     

Formation of wine aroma: tones and imperfections caused by minor components (a review)]

Mechanisms of formation of primary and secondary wine aroma and processes associated with wine maturation and ageing are reviewed. Compounds determining brand- or technology-specific aroma tones (floral, fruit, honey, black-currant, nightshade, yeast, oak-cask, thermal, etc.) are identified. Chemical background of unacceptable, foul tones (oxidized, murine, acetic, hydrogen-sulfide, saprogenic, cabbage, hospital, mold, vulpine, etc.) is presented.     

Pancrustacean phylogeny: hexapods are terrestrial crustaceans and maxillopods are not monophyletic

Recent molecular analyses indicate that crustaceans and hexapods form a clade (Pancrustacea or Tetraconata), but relationships among its constituent lineages, including monophyly of crustaceans, are controversial. Our phylogenetic analysis of three protein-coding nuclear genes from 62 arthropods and lobopods (Onychophora and Tardigrada) demonstrates that Hexapoda is most closely related to the crustaceans Branchiopoda (fairy shrimp, water fleas, etc.) and Cephalocarida + Remipedia, thereby making hexapods terrestrial crustaceans and the traditionally defined Crustacea paraphyletic. Additional findings are that Malacostraca (crabs, isopods, etc.) unites with Cirripedia (barnacles, etc.) and they, in turn, with Copepoda, making the traditional crustacean class Maxillopoda paraphyletic. Ostracoda (seed shrimp)--either all or a subgroup--is associated with Branchiura (fish lice) and likely to be basal to all other pancrustaceans. A Bayesian statistical (non-clock) estimate of divergence times suggests a Precambrian origin for Pancrustacea (600 Myr ago or more), which precedes the first unambiguous arthropod fossils by over 60 Myr.     

Dynamic modifications of biomacromolecules: mechanism and chemical interventions

Biological macromolecules(proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, etc.) are the building blocks of life, which constantly undergo chemical modifications that are often reversible and spatial-temporally regulated. These dynamic properties of chemical modifications play fundamental roles in physiological processes as well as pathological changes of living systems. The Major Research Project(MRP) funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)—"Dynamic modifications of biomacromolecules: mechanism and chemical interventions" aims to integrate cross-disciplinary approaches at the interface of chemistry, life sciences, medicine, mathematics, material science and information science with the following goals:(i) developing specific labeling techniques and detection methods for dynamic chemical modifications of biomacromolecules,(ii)analyzing the molecular mechanisms and functional relationships of dynamic chemical modifications of biomacromolecules, and(iii) exploring biomacromolecules and small molecule probes as potential drug targets and lead compounds.     

Na,K-ATPase: A murzyme facilitating thermodynamic equilibriums at the membrane-interface

The redox metabolic paradigm of murburn concept advocates that diffusible reactive species (DRS, particularly oxygen-centric radicals) are mainstays of physiology, and not mere pathological manifestations. The murburn purview of cellular function also integrates the essential principles of bioenergetics, thermogenesis, homeostasis, electrophysiology, and coherence. In this context, any enzyme that generates/modulates/utilizes/sustains DRS functionality is called a murzyme. We have demonstrated that several water-soluble (peroxidases, lactate dehydrogenase, hemogoblin, etc.) and membrane-embedded (Complexes I–V in mitochondria, Photosystems I/II in chloroplasts, rhodopsin/transducin in rod cells, etc.) proteins serve as murzymes. The membrane protein of Na,K-ATPase (NKA, also known as sodium-potassium pump) is the focus of this article, owing to its centrality in neuro-cardio-musculo electrophysiology. Herein, via a series of critical queries starting from the geometric/spatio-temporal considerations of diffusion/mass transfer of solutes in cells to an update on structural/distributional features of NKA in diverse cellular systems, and from various mechanistic aspects of ion-transport (thermodynamics, osmoregulation, evolutionary dictates, etc.) to assays/explanations of inhibitory principles like cardiotonic steroids (CTS), we first highlight some unresolved problems in the field. Thereafter, we propose and apply a minimalist murburn model of trans-membrane ion-differentiation by NKA to address the physiological inhibitory effects of trans-dermal peptide, lithium ion, volatile anesthetics, confirmed interfacial DRS + proton modulators like nitrophenolics and unsaturated fatty acid, and the diverse classes of molecules like CTS, arginine, oximes, etc. These explanations find a pan-systemic connectivity with the inhibitions/uncouplings of other membrane proteins in cells.     

Differential proteomic analysis of white adipose tissues from T2D KKAy mice by LC‐ESI‐QTOF

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a worldwide increasingly social health burden for its high morbidity and heightened prevalence. As one of the main tissues involved in uptake of glucose under the stimulation of insulin, WAT plays very important role in metabolic and homeostasis regulation. We performed a differential proteomics study to investigate alterations in epididymis fat pad of high fat diet fed T2D KKAy mice compared to normal fed C57BL/6J mice, by ¹⁸O‐labeling relative quantitative technique. Among 329 confidently identified proteins, 121 proteins showed significant changes with CV ≤ 20% (fold changes of >2 or <0.5 as threshold). According to GO classification, we found that altered proteins contained members of biological processes of metabolic process, oxidative stress, ion homeostasis, apoptosis and cell division. In metabolic, proteins assigned to fatty acid biosynthesis (FAS etc.) were decreased, the key enzyme (ACOX3) in β‐oxidation process was increased. Increased glycolysis enzymes (ENOB etc.) and decreased TCA cycle related enzymes (SCOT1 etc.) suggested that glucose metabolism in mitochondria of T2D mice might be impaired. Elevated oxidative stress was observed with alterations of a series of oxidordeuctase (QSOX1 etc.). Besides, alterations of ion homeostasis (AT2C1 etc.) proteins were also observed. The enhancement of cell proliferation associated proteins (ELYS etc.) and inhibition of apoptosis associated proteins (RASF6 etc.) in WAT might contributed to the fat pad and body weight gain. Overall, these changes in WAT may serve as a reference for understanding the functional mechanism of T2D.     

Conserving the forgotten: New insights from a Central African biodiversity hotspot on the anthropogenic perception of nocturnal primates (Mammalia: Strepsirrhini)

Primates - The growing dependence of villagers on local forests (food, wood, etc.) makes the comparative assessment of the perceptions they have of the forest and its wildlife increasingly...     

Quantitative analysis of calibration dependence of biosensors

Three-parameter Hill's equation, which is used in enzyme kinetics, was shown to applicable to calibration curves of both potentiometric (glucose, pesticides, urea, etc.) and amperometric (surfactants, biphenyl, etc.) biosensors. Possible causes of errors of analyte concentration measurements are discussed.     

南迦巴瓦峰地区的大型真菌资源

本文记载了西藏南迦巴瓦峰地区的各类大型真菌292种,隶属于120属,42科。其中食用真菌166种,药用真菌109种,有毒真菌5D种,菌根菌68种,树木腐朽菌41种。另有点柄铦囊蘑(Melanoleuca verrucipes)、南牛肝菌(Austroboletus gracilis)、簇生小管菌(Filoboletus manipularis)、多鳞口蘑(Tricholoma squarrulosum)等21种为我国新记录。西藏地区的新记录76种。新种将另文发表。目前认为重要的或经济用途比较大的百种以上,如冬虫夏草(Cordyceps sinensis)、茯苓(Poria cocos)、木耳(Auricularia auricula)、金顶侧耳(Pleurotus citrinopileatus)、蜜环菌(Armillariella mellea)、松口蘑(Tricholoma matsutake)、鸡零售(土从)菌(Termitomyces albuminosus)、白毒伞(Amanita verna)、半卵圆斑褶伞(Anellaria semiovata)等。南峰地区真菌资源丰富,研究利用潜力很大。     

Characters: the central mystery of taxonomy and systematics

Taxonomic and systematic theory is hopelessly confused because the term character has nine different, previously confused, meanings. After a historical analysis, it is shown that some form pairs, one used in taxonomy (= operational identification of phenetic patterns of character x individual spread) and the other in systematics (= theoretical analysis of patterns of taxonomy). On the basis of a stratigramy model, names are given to each usage and are defined for taxonomy, then systematics, as necessary: component : (tax.) a defined bit-or-piece of one individual (no syst. meaning); homology : (tax.) conceptual identity of components of several individuals, attributable (syst.) to common ancestry; homology avatar : (tax.) case of recognized homology which (syst.) shows broad phylogenetic continuity (e.g. eye) (= character sensu Sokal and Sneath); homolostratum/homology state : (tax.) specified condition of a homology avatar whose distribution (syst.) enables cladogenetic happenings to be identified (e.g. colour:red/green/blue/etc.) (= character state of Sokal and Sneath); character sensu stricto : (tax.) homolostratum limited to a taxon which (syst.), with hierarchy, identifies chronological sequences of most cladogenetic happenings; taxonomoids : (tax.) mixed group of homolostrata, including yet unknown characters, that identifies a taxon and so (syst.) has same role as characters (= roughly symplesiomorphies); Ante- (Ah) and Post-(Ph) happening characters : (tax.) the hierarchy levels immediately above and below an empty level which (syst.) reveal a cladistic happening (= roughly one usage of synapomorphies and apomorphies).