管水母

管水母为远洋性水母类，无水螅型，水母型表现出高度多态现象。其群体由管养体、指状体、繁殖体、叶状体、生殖芽体、游泳钟及浮器等特化个体组成，具有摄食、保护、生殖、漂浮、游泳等不同的功能。我国沿海已发现近８０种。     

植物乳管研究进展

植物乳管指含有胶乳的高度特化细胞,它是巴西橡胶树合成胶乳的唯一场所,也是决定橡胶产量的最重要因素。本文系统综述植物乳管研究进展,包括乳管的类型、发育、功能以及巴西橡胶树乳管细胞的构成及胶乳的成分、巴西橡胶树乳管分化和乳管细胞在组织培养物中的分化。提出巴西橡胶树花药愈伤组织可能是未来一种研究乳管分化机制的优良模式。     

蚜虫的腹管

世界上已经知道的蚜虫共有二、三千种,其中除极少數,例如五棓子蚜的虫瘿(即是五棓子蚜在(?)膚木树上所造成的五棓子)对人類有益外,其他大部都是对人類有害;在我國目前为害很严重的,也是大家所习知的,有棉蚜、大豆蚜、商粱蚜、菸蚜、菜蚜、蘋蚜、麦蚜、蘋果树绵蚜、葡萄根瘤蚜等等。可以说无论在棉花上、粮食上、菜蔬上、果树上,都有蚜虫在损害着我们的生产,並且它們的为害程度相当严重。因此引起了我們的注意。     

白蜡虫马氏管的超微结构

白蜡虫Ericerus Pela的马氏管由两条黄色膨泡串状的端管和一条公共管构成,通过公共管与消化道相连。端管和公共管细胞结构相似,都具有非胶原质的基膜,高度发达的基褶, 长而致密的微绒毛,微绒毛无线粒体插入,细胞质中线粒体少,且随机分布。细胞质的绝大部分为两种矿质-尿酸颗粒结晶所占据,一种为不规则结晶,另一种为轮纹状结晶。白蜡虫马氏管可能发生了合胞化,其排泄方式可能是一种以滞留排泄为主,离子梯度排泄方式为辅的特有的排泄方式。     

番木瓜乳管蛋白酶类

番木瓜是著名的热带水果,其乳管中含量丰富的蛋白酶类是近年来研究的一个十分活跃的领域。该文主要介绍番木瓜乳汁中木瓜蛋白酶、木瓜凝乳蛋白酶、蛋白酶Ω和甘氨酰内切酶等4种重要的半胱氨酸蛋白酶及其他蛋白酶类的研究新进展,并对它们的研究与应用前景做了展望。     

果蝇心管的拟表型

基因突变表型的获得是利用果蝇模型进行发育相关基因功能研究的基础.拟表型是指生物体的基因型未发生变化,而由外界环境条件的变化所引起的常与某个特定基因的突变表型相似的表型改变.拟表型的存在往往干扰突变表型的鉴定,为基因功能的研究带来困扰.采用胚胎抗体染色和绿色荧光蛋白GFP心脏特异标记的转基因果蝇（Hand-GALA;UAS-GFP品系）作为表型检测手段,比较活体胚胎、固定处理胚胎和低温处理幼虫中果蝇心管拟表型产生的概率以及统计分析其方法的差异,结果显示胚胎固定处理可以明显减少拟表型出现的概率,而低温固定幼虫也是有效减少拟表型的方法.拟表型和突变表型必须通过统计分析才能有效区分.     

麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜对吡虫啉敏感性的比较研究

采用麦穗浸渍法在室内测定了麦长管蚜Macrosiphumavenae(Fabricius)和禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphumpadi(L .)对吡虫啉可湿性粉剂和乳油的敏感度。结果表明 ,禾谷缢管蚜对吡虫啉的敏感度是麦长管蚜的 3～ 4倍 (基于LC50 的比较 )。在北京、河南、江苏、湖北、四川等地同浓度的吡虫啉对禾谷缢管蚜的防治效果要好于麦长管蚜 (特别是在低浓度时尤为明显 )。依据我国不同省份小麦穗蚜的优势种不同 ,建议用吡虫啉防治小麦穗蚜时 ,在南方麦区 ,禾谷缢管蚜为优势种的麦田 ,吡虫啉用药量为 15～ 3 0g(a.i) hm2 ;北方麦区 ,以麦长管蚜为优势种的麦田 ,吡虫啉的用药量应大于 3 0g(a.i) hm2 。     

胫管蓟马属Terthrothrips-中国缨翅目管蓟马科一新记录属记述(缨翅目:管蓟马科)

记述中国缨翅目管蓟马科1新记录属:胫管蓟马属Terthrothrips.详细描述无翅胫管蓟马Terthrothrips apterus 的形态特征.该种原记载于日本,现于我国广东、湖南、贵州省发现.研究标本保存在华南农业大学昆虫标本室.     

中国管蓟马亚科一新纪录属及两新纪录种(缨翅目,管蓟马科,管蓟马亚科)

记述了中国1新纪录属,髋管蓟马属Coxothrips Bournier,1963,以及2新纪录种,即驼峰髋管蓟马C.gibberosa(Kudo,1989)和塔莱髋管蓟马C.tarai(Stannard.1970);并首次描述了塔莱髋管蓟马的雄虫.总结了髋管蓟马属的属征,提供了新纪录种的形态描述、特征图以及该属中国已知种的检索表.研究标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所国家动物博物馆.     

麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜对小麦挥发物的触角电位反应

采用活体蚜虫测定法,利用EAG技术比较分析了麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae和禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi有翅及无翅成蚜对小麦挥发物及麦蚜取食诱导挥发物组分的嗅觉反应,揭示了两种麦蚜的嗅觉变异特点。结果表明：麦长管蚜对水杨酸甲酯、反-2-己烯醛、反-2-己烯醇、-6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮和-6-甲基-5-庚烯-2醇的反应较强,禾谷缢管蚜对水杨酸甲酯、反-3-己烯乙酸酯、-6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮和-6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-醇的反应较强,并得到了剂量反应曲线。麦长管蚜的有翅和无翅成蚜对6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、反-2-己烯醇和水杨酸甲酯的反应差异显著;禾谷缢管蚜的有翅和无翅成蚜对反-2-己烯醇、辛醛、里那醇、水杨酸甲酯和反-3-己烯乙酸酯的EAG反应差异显著,其原因与禾谷缢管蚜迁移及转主为害的生物学特性有关。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.