螟卵啮小蜂寄主——莎草螟

据广西农科院植保室和玉林地区农业试验站植保室报道,1973年在广西玉林地区发现在硕大莎草(Scirpus grossus)上有一种螟蛾(暂叫莎草螟),其卵是啮小峰的寄主。 硕大莎草是一种野生杂草,在该地分布很广,常年青绿,幼虫蛀食后不造成枯心。比用马蹄饲养白螟或用茭白饲养褐边螟的成本低,有利于大量繁殖啮小蜂。 莎草螟在莎草上的虫口密度很高,一般每株有虫     

大螟和列星大螟为害棉花

<正> 在洞庭湖区。发现大螟Sesamia inferens Walker和列星大螟Sesamia vuteria(stoll)幼虫为害棉花,被害率为0.1—0.2％,个别严重的年份在0.5％左右,而且多发生在9月中旬以后,两种幼虫一生能转移为害3—4个棉桃,被钻食的棉桃,几乎全部烂掉。 大螟和列星大螟在本区的第一代至第三代以为害玉米、高梁、芦苇、甘蔗为主(大螟还为害水稻),偶尔还为害莎草、三稜草,但对棉茎也小有为害,被害率在0.03％以下。国营大通湖农场植保站在1983年5月查到大螟和列星大螟为害棉花,被害率在0.02％以     

中国绢须野螟属研究(鳞翅目,草螟科,野螟亚科,斑野螟族)

记述了绢须野螟属Palpita Hubner 18种,分别为端突绢须野螟P annulifer Inoue;半环绢须野螟P.kiminensis Kirti et Rose,中国新纪录种;钩镰绢须野螟P.indannulata Inoue,中国新纪录种;小锥绢须野螟P homalia Inoue;弯囊绢须野螟P.hypohomalia Inoue;双突绢须野螟P.inusitata (Butler);细微绢须野螟P.minuscula Inoue,1996;弯刺绢须野螟P.curvdispina sp.nov.,该种与细微绢须野螟P.minuscula Inoue近似,但新种个体大,阳茎内端部角状器粗而弯可以与之相区别;尤金绢须野螟P.munroei Inoue;角斑绢须野螟P fraterna(Moore);小绢须野螟P.parvifraterna Inoue;端刺绢须野螟P.perunionalis Inoue,中国新纪录种;短叉绢须野螟P.pajnii Kirti et Rose;方突绢须野螟P warrenalis(Swinhoe);曲纹绢须野螟P.curvilinea(Janse);白腊绢须野螟P.nigropunctalis(Bremer);尖角绢须野螟P asiaticalis Inoue;宽钝绢须野螟P.sejunctalis Inoue.编制了中国绢须野螟属分种检索表,并提供了新种的外生殖器特征图.模式标本保存在南开大学生物系昆虫标本室.     

中国草螟亚科带草螟属、丽草螟属和双带草螟属的研究及带草螟属二新种记述

对中国草螟亚科3个近缘属：带草螟属 Metaeuchromius Bleszynski、丽草螟属Euchromius Guenée和双带草螟属 Miyakea Marumo进行了研究。该3属在中国已记录12个种,包括带草螟属Metaeuchromius两新种：黄色带草螟 M. fulvusalis sp. Nov.,模式产地广西,与褐带草螟 M. circe Bleszynski近缘;灰色带草螟 M. grisalis sp. Nov.,模式产地浙江,与云南带草螟 M. yuennanensis (Caradja)近缘。对新种给出了描述、外生殖器特征图和与近缘种的比较。并提供了带草螟属中国已知种检索表。     

翎翅野螟属分类研究(鳞翅目:草螟科:野螟亚科)

翎翅野螟属Epiparbattia只包括模式种,分布在中国南部和印度。本文记述了采自云南和贵州的1新种。模式标本分别保存在南开大学生物系昆虫标本室和中国科学院动物研究所。     

黑带野螟属分类研究(鳞翅目,草螟科,野螟亚科)

黑带野螟属全世界已知4种,在中国都有分布,其中2种也分布在锡金和印度.记述了采自湖北和四川的1新种,凹缘黑带野螟Parbattia excavata Zhang,Li et Wang,sp.nov.(图1～3),新种与阿里黑带野螟Parbattia arisanaMunroe et Mutuura相似,其主要区别如下:新种体棕褐色,抱器瓣腹缘末端凹刻宽而深,抱器内突延伸到凹刻处的突起强烈骨化,长而弯;阿里黑带野螟体色大部分黑褐色,抱器瓣腹缘末端凹刻窄而浅,抱器内突延伸到凹刻处的突起中等骨化,短而直.本文还首次报道了中国新纪录种锯齿黑带野螟Parbattia serrata Munroe et Mutuura的雌性个体.模式标本分别保存在南开大学生物系昆虫标本室和中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆.     

窗斑野螟属分类学研究（鳞翅目：草螟科：野螟亚科）

窗斑野螟属Discothyris Warren, 1895包含3种：锈斑窗斑野螟D. ferruginata (Moore, 1888),大冠窗斑野螟D. megalophalis Hampson, 1899和痕窗斑野螟D. vestigialis (Snellen, 1890)。本文基于外生殖器特征确认了窗斑野螟属为野螟亚科成员,对该属进行了重新描述,首次记录了痕窗斑野螟在中国的分布,并提供了成虫和外生殖器特征图以及分种检索表。     

中国优苔螟属一新种（鳞翅目：草螟科：苔螟亚科）

记述采自中国江西武夷山优苔螟属Eudonia 1新种,即截形优苔螟Eudonia abrupta sp. nov.。该种与伊诺优苔螟E. inouei Sasaki,1998 近似,但其雄性外生殖器爪形突的末端与基部等宽,阳茎为抱器瓣长的1.5倍;而伊诺优苔螟的爪形突末端显著窄于基部,阳茎与抱器瓣近等长。文中提供了成虫和外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存在江西农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

褐萍螟和黑萍螟的初步观察

萍螟属鳞翅目、螟蛾科、水螟亚科。目前发现有褐萍螟 Nymphula tunbata(Butlen)和黑萍螟Nymphulaemxalis(Swin.)二种。浙江省各地都有发现,6、7月份发生最多,受害严重的萍母田,每亩虫口密度可达20多万头,短期内可使大量萍体毁灭。因此及时消灭萍     

中国螟蛾科昆虫名录 胡氏“中国昆虫目录”补遗 部分一.草螟、禾螟、拟卷螟、卷螟、聚螟、歧角螟及螟蛾亚科

胡经甫(1938)的“中国昆虫目录”中螟蛾科部分是根据Caradja(1925)的著作所编的共为587种。作者等根据能搜集到的Shibuya(1928)、Caradja(1926—1939)、Caradja & Meyrick(1933—1937)以及其他文献的记载,加入了台湾和其他省市的未列入种类,总数增至1,174种和106亚种(及变种,变型),以作     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Uniform hypothesis of cell behavior--movement, contact inhibition of movement, adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, division, contact inhibition of division, fusion.

The cell has been represented as a charged liquid drop. Contrary to the DLVO-theory, the effect of the surface potential upon the value of the interfacial tension of the cell membrane has also been taken into consideration. The cell membrane has visco-elastic properties and its constituents may move against each other. Cell movement is caused by the appearance of a small number of the electrically charged constituents of the cell membrane on the leading edge of the cell. This produces a local decrease in the surface tension and the cell membrane expansion. At the moment of contact between two cells proton transfers occur between the strongly negatively charged microvilli of one cell and the body of the other, analogous to a condenser breakdown. This, through the effect on the surface tension, causes contact inhibition of movement. The distribution of the proton dissociable groups modifies the interaction between the cells (differentiation) and between the cell and the substratum (adhesion). Adsorption of the charged compounds at the surface of the cell membrane, decreasing the surface potential and increasing the surface tension, causes the phenomena of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Cell division, considered in the terms of the surface energy, requires an adequate supply of considerable quantities of energy inversely proportional to the surface potential value. In case of a reduction of the distance between the cells, their surface potential and the energetic barrier of the cell division processes increases, and causes contact inhibition of cell division. Due to their high charge, division of neoplastic cells is inhibited much later than division of normal cells, or is completely ininhibited due to geometric conditions. Fusion of the cell membrane in the intra-cellular and intercellular processes is a reverse process in relation to the cell division.     

The effect of malathion,diazinon, and various concentrations of zinc,copper, nickel,lead, iron,and mercury on fish

Acute and chronic toxicity tests for malathion, diazinon, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) were conducted. Mortalities ofBarilius vagra andCyprinus carpio (common carp) were variable but LC50-96 hr were similar for pesticides. AdultB. vagra seem to be more sensitive to malathion than juvenile carp. Both juvenile carp and adultB. vagra were extremely sensitive to diazinon. Long-term exposure to pesticides modified morphology and behavior. The LC50-96 values for Cu, Hg, and Pb were 0.3, 0.16, and 0.44, respectively, for smaller fish and 1.0, 0.77, and 1.33, respectively, for larger fish. Replicate LC50 values for Zn, Ni, and Fe were somewhat variable, and for these metals, the size of the fish seemed to affect response because LC50 values increased as fish size increased. Cooper, Pb, Zn, and Fe residues following exposure to sublethal concentrations of these metals for 15 d were significantly greater in whole juvenile common carp than in controls.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Further studies of the sieve-element plastids of theCaryophyllales includingBarbeuia,Corrigiola, Lyallia,Microtea, Sarcobatus,andTelephium

The sieve-element plastids of 69 species of theCaryophyllales were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. All contained the specific subtype-P3 plastids characterized by a peripheral ring of protein filaments. The presence or absence of an additional central protein crystal and their shape being either polygonal or globular as well as the average sizes of the sieve-element plastids are useful features in the characterization of some families.—Barbeuia contains sieve-element plastids that confirm its placement within thePhytolaccaceae. Lyallia differs fromHectorella by including small starch grains in their sieve-element plastids, which otherwise by their globular crystals negate a closer connection to theCaryophyllaceae. The lack of a central protein crystal in its form-P3fs plastids placesMicrotea best within theChenopodiaceae. Sarcobatus, a so far uncontested member of theChenopodiaceae, contains form-P3cf plastids, i.e., including a central crystal not found elsewhere in this family.Telephium andCorrigiola, shifted back and forth betweenMolluginaceae andCaryophyllaceae, have form-P3cf(s) plastids with a polygonal crystal which favor their placement within theCaryophyllaceae.     

Definitions,measurements, and classifications of stimuli,situations, and environments

A review is presented of issues relevant to the definition, measurement, and classification of stimuli, situations, and environments. Problems such as the lack of adequate definitions of concepts, error and bias in measurement procedures, confusion between measurement of a concept and measurement of its behavioral effects, and the lack of agreement among alternative measures are emphasized. It is suggested that concepts be defined in terms of objective characteristics while allowing for the study of the transactional relationship between organism and environment. The work of the ethologists in defining stimuli while studying their relationship to different organismic states and situational contexts is emphasized in this regard. Following Brunswik, it is also suggested that wherever possible there be a representative sampling of variables in natural settings. Note from the editors: From time to time, Human Ecology will publish a review article. Our first in this series is a review by a psychologist of basic definitional and conceptual problems in environmental studies.This paper was prepared while the author was a Visiting Research Fellow at the Educational Testing Service. The support of ETS and my colleagues in the Division of Psychological Studies is gratefully acknowledged. The review was also supported in part by a grant from the Rutgers University Research Council.     

Translocation of radionuclides of Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Y, Tc, and Re into organs of tomato plant via roots

The translocation of the radionuclides of Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Y, Tc, and Re into red and green fruits, flesh, seeds, rind, calyxes, flower, leaves, and stems via the root of the tomato plant at two different growth stages was studied by a multitracer technique. The contents (%/g) of Co, Zn, Se, and Y in the roots were the highest among the organs, but only small amounts of them were translocated into the aerial parts after 5 d cultivation with a multitracer. In contrast, Rb, Tc, and Re showed rapid translocation into the stems and leaves from the root. In the plants cultivated for 95 d with a multitracer, Zn, Se, and Rb distributed in all of the organs, Co in the organs except for flowers, and Y, Tc, and Re in the limited organs. The translocation ratio of the elements for the edible part of the plants cultivated for 95 d decreased in the order of Rb>Zn>Co≈Se>Tc≈Y>Re. The transfer factor of the elements for tomato fruit was determined to be in the range of 10⁻⁵–10⁻². The characteristic translocation behavior of the elements gives us fundamental information on the assessment of pollutant uptake by the tomato plant.