刺槐谷蛾的研究(鳞翅目:谷蛾科)

刺槐谷蛾Hapsifera barbara(Christoph)在中国为新记录。七十年代初,在山东部分刺槐林内发生成灾。幼虫蛀食刺槐树干和主枝皮层,受害部位膨大变形,严重者整株枯死。鉴于国内首次发现并造成危害,我们于1971—1973年对成虫形态、生物学及防治方法进行了研究。经英国谷蛾科专家G.S.Robinson博士鉴定为鳞翅目、谷蛾科Tineidae, Hapsifera barbata(Christoph)(孙渔稼,1984)。 国内分布于山东,辽宁等省;国外分布于苏联远东,日本本州、四国。 日本森内茂博士将其视做朽木昆虫,末见有危害健康林木的报道。七十午代初,在山东省泰安市徂徕山林场、宁阳县高桥、中皋和部分社队林场刺槐林发生成灾。幼虫主要危     

水蜡蛾属一新种（鳞翅目：水蜡蛾科）

水蜡蛾属一新种（鳞翅目：水蜡蛾科）张秀荣,杨集昆中国人民解放军农牧大学农学农机系,吉林省长春市１３００６２北京农业大学昆虫系,北京市１０００９４关键词水蜡蛾科,水蜡蛾属,新种本文记述了陕西省镇安和河南省灵宝等地的水蜡蛾属１新种,模式标本保存在北京农业...     

蝠蛾属一新种(鳞翅目:蝙蝠蛾科)

本文记述了采自四川省康定县的蝙蝠蛾科蝠蛾属一新种,模式标本存放于四川省中药研究所。 贡嘎蝠蛾 Hepialus gonggaensis Fu et Huang 新种(图1—2)     

华北落叶松鞘蛾和兴安落叶松鞘蛾形态学研究与再描述（鳞翅目：鞘蛾科）

对华北落叶松鞘蛾和兴安落叶松鞘蛾的形态特征进行了研究,与容易混淆的欧洲落叶松鞘蛾进行了比较。更正了兴安落叶松鞘蛾的学名,肯定了华北落叶松鞘蛾的分类学地位,并进行了重新描述。文中提供了以上3种落叶松鞘蛾的成虫、雌雄外生殖器等特征图,给出了它们的区别要点。     

水蜡蛾科二新种(鳞翅目:水蜡蛾科)

报道了水蜡蛾科Ｂｒａｈｍａｅｉｄａｅ的２新种：全斑水蜡蛾Ｂｒａｈｍｉｄｉａ ｔｏｔｉｍａｃｕｌａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和中华水蜡蛾Ｂｒａｈｍｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍａ ｓｉｎｉｃａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模型标本保存在中国人民解放军农牧大学植保教研室标本室。     

金羽蛾属一新种记述(鳞翅目,羽蛾科)

记录了采自天津的1新种郑氏金羽蛾Agdistis zhengi sp.nov. （图1 -3）。该种分布于天津,与直钩金羽蛾A.uncirectangula Hao ＆ Li（图4）相似,但可以通过以下特征与后者区别：爪形突的左侧一支端部近圆形深凹,两侧顶端尖,均向外侧弯曲;抱器背臂整体看起来象鹅的头部;阳茎基环两叶,小而不明显;囊形突大,近环带状,末端圆;第8腹板末端突起的形状和位置与后者不一致等。文中给出了新种成虫图,以及雌雄外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存在南开大学生命科学学院昆虫标本室。 新种以著名昆虫学家郑哲民教授的姓氏命名。     

小石蛾属一新种记述：毛翅目：小石蛾科

本文记述了河南省小石蛾属１新种──钩突小石蛾Ｈｙｄｒｏｐｔｉｌａｈａｍｉｓｔｙｌａ,ｓｐ．ｎ．模式标本保存在河南农业大学植物保护系昆虫标本室。     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Uniform hypothesis of cell behavior--movement, contact inhibition of movement, adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, division, contact inhibition of division, fusion.

The cell has been represented as a charged liquid drop. Contrary to the DLVO-theory, the effect of the surface potential upon the value of the interfacial tension of the cell membrane has also been taken into consideration. The cell membrane has visco-elastic properties and its constituents may move against each other. Cell movement is caused by the appearance of a small number of the electrically charged constituents of the cell membrane on the leading edge of the cell. This produces a local decrease in the surface tension and the cell membrane expansion. At the moment of contact between two cells proton transfers occur between the strongly negatively charged microvilli of one cell and the body of the other, analogous to a condenser breakdown. This, through the effect on the surface tension, causes contact inhibition of movement. The distribution of the proton dissociable groups modifies the interaction between the cells (differentiation) and between the cell and the substratum (adhesion). Adsorption of the charged compounds at the surface of the cell membrane, decreasing the surface potential and increasing the surface tension, causes the phenomena of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Cell division, considered in the terms of the surface energy, requires an adequate supply of considerable quantities of energy inversely proportional to the surface potential value. In case of a reduction of the distance between the cells, their surface potential and the energetic barrier of the cell division processes increases, and causes contact inhibition of cell division. Due to their high charge, division of neoplastic cells is inhibited much later than division of normal cells, or is completely ininhibited due to geometric conditions. Fusion of the cell membrane in the intra-cellular and intercellular processes is a reverse process in relation to the cell division.     

The effect of malathion,diazinon, and various concentrations of zinc,copper, nickel,lead, iron,and mercury on fish

Acute and chronic toxicity tests for malathion, diazinon, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) were conducted. Mortalities ofBarilius vagra andCyprinus carpio (common carp) were variable but LC50-96 hr were similar for pesticides. AdultB. vagra seem to be more sensitive to malathion than juvenile carp. Both juvenile carp and adultB. vagra were extremely sensitive to diazinon. Long-term exposure to pesticides modified morphology and behavior. The LC50-96 values for Cu, Hg, and Pb were 0.3, 0.16, and 0.44, respectively, for smaller fish and 1.0, 0.77, and 1.33, respectively, for larger fish. Replicate LC50 values for Zn, Ni, and Fe were somewhat variable, and for these metals, the size of the fish seemed to affect response because LC50 values increased as fish size increased. Cooper, Pb, Zn, and Fe residues following exposure to sublethal concentrations of these metals for 15 d were significantly greater in whole juvenile common carp than in controls.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Further studies of the sieve-element plastids of theCaryophyllales includingBarbeuia,Corrigiola, Lyallia,Microtea, Sarcobatus,andTelephium

The sieve-element plastids of 69 species of theCaryophyllales were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. All contained the specific subtype-P3 plastids characterized by a peripheral ring of protein filaments. The presence or absence of an additional central protein crystal and their shape being either polygonal or globular as well as the average sizes of the sieve-element plastids are useful features in the characterization of some families.—Barbeuia contains sieve-element plastids that confirm its placement within thePhytolaccaceae. Lyallia differs fromHectorella by including small starch grains in their sieve-element plastids, which otherwise by their globular crystals negate a closer connection to theCaryophyllaceae. The lack of a central protein crystal in its form-P3fs plastids placesMicrotea best within theChenopodiaceae. Sarcobatus, a so far uncontested member of theChenopodiaceae, contains form-P3cf plastids, i.e., including a central crystal not found elsewhere in this family.Telephium andCorrigiola, shifted back and forth betweenMolluginaceae andCaryophyllaceae, have form-P3cf(s) plastids with a polygonal crystal which favor their placement within theCaryophyllaceae.     

Definitions,measurements, and classifications of stimuli,situations, and environments

A review is presented of issues relevant to the definition, measurement, and classification of stimuli, situations, and environments. Problems such as the lack of adequate definitions of concepts, error and bias in measurement procedures, confusion between measurement of a concept and measurement of its behavioral effects, and the lack of agreement among alternative measures are emphasized. It is suggested that concepts be defined in terms of objective characteristics while allowing for the study of the transactional relationship between organism and environment. The work of the ethologists in defining stimuli while studying their relationship to different organismic states and situational contexts is emphasized in this regard. Following Brunswik, it is also suggested that wherever possible there be a representative sampling of variables in natural settings. Note from the editors: From time to time, Human Ecology will publish a review article. Our first in this series is a review by a psychologist of basic definitional and conceptual problems in environmental studies.This paper was prepared while the author was a Visiting Research Fellow at the Educational Testing Service. The support of ETS and my colleagues in the Division of Psychological Studies is gratefully acknowledged. The review was also supported in part by a grant from the Rutgers University Research Council.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.