犬营养代谢病

宠物指人们精心饲养,以供玩赏愉悦的宠爱动物。目前犬类在我国宠物市场发展较为迅速,而且历史非常悠久,其他宠物的饲养规模、普及程度与犬类还相距较远。对国内犬临床疾病情况研究发现,近年来犬营养代谢性疾病发生率逐年升高,广大宠物医师对于此类疾病的关注程度日益加大。本文主要从犬营养代谢病的发病原因、临床较为先进的诊断方法、后期治疗饲养,三个方面进行对犬营养代谢病进行探讨,希望对于宠物市场在我国的发展、临床治疗此类疾病和宠物营养的科学搭配提供指导和帮助。     

我国古代医药学的主要典籍

中医和中药是我国劳动人民独特的创造发明,我国应用中医,中药防治疾病的历史悠久,在长期防治疾病的实践中,积累了丰富的医疗经验,对世界医药学的发展有着很大的贡献。三千多年前的殷商时代,在我国最早的甲骨文字中,已有不少关于疾病名称和卫生工作的记载。据目前所知,甲骨文字中如有头病、眼病、耳病、鼻病、足病、产妇病等多种疾病的名称,而且能区分人体不同解剖部位来确定发生的疾病。到了周朝,中医开始分科,有疾相(相当于内科)、食医(营养卫生科)、疡医(相当于外科)和兽医四科之分。并规定“凡民之有疾病者,分而治之,死终则各书其所以,而入于医师”,开始分科医治和建立病历记录制度。这在当时没有医师总管医药行政。战国时期的民间医生扁鹊创造了我国传统的诊治方法“四诊”(即望诊、闻诊、问诊、切诊),四诊的应用为中医诊断学奠定了基础。战国时期出现了我国现存最早一部古典的中医理论专     

乳腺增生病的治疗现状

乳腺增生病是最常见的乳房疾病,发病率高,占全部乳房病的75%。目前,其治疗方面,单用中药治疗虽疗效肯定,但起效较慢,如单用西药治疗虽起效快,但作用难于持续,长期服用毒副反应多,复发率较高。目前在临床上对乳腺增生病尚无疗效肯定、起效快、毒副作用小的治疗方法,本文就当前乳腺增生病的治疗及临床应用进行概括。     

乳腺增生病的治疗现状

乳腺增生病是最常见的乳房疾病,发病率高,占全部乳房病的75%。目前,其治疗方面,单用中药治疗虽疗效肯定,但起效较慢,如单用西药治疗虽起效快,但作用难于持续,长期服用毒副反应多,复发率较高。目前在临床上对乳腺增生病尚无疗效肯定、起效快、毒副作用小的治疗方法,本文就当前乳腺增生病的治疗及临床应用进行概括。     

益生菌治疗宠物细菌性腹泻概述

益生菌是一类对宿主健康有益的活体微生物,在预防、治疗和修复宠物细菌性腹泻等疾病中引起人们广泛关注。抗菌药在治疗宠物细菌性腹泻中发挥了重要作用,随着细菌耐药性加剧,严重降低了抗菌药的治疗效果。益生菌治疗细菌性腹泻具有广阔的应用前景。本文概述了宠物腹泻的致病菌种类、腹泻特征及防治现状,同时对改善宠物胃肠道疾病相关的益生菌种类、筛选条件、作用机制、存在问题及应用前景进行了介绍。     

中兽医理论在宠物疾病诊治中营养调理的应用

本文分别介绍了中兽医理论在宠物胃肠道疾患、免疫功能调节和皮肤病诊治中营养调理的应用。表明配合宠物医生医治宠物疾病而达成对机体的营养调理,是用药物治疗疾病的方法之外的辅助治疗手段。     

鉴往知来话疫苗

疫苗已经挽救了数百万人的生命，远胜于任何其它医学干预手段，其机理是激活机体的自然防护能力以预防感染。同样地，各种兽医疫苗也在保护着我们的家畜和宠物。从一开始起，疫苗就是被生产来预防传染病，到目前为止，这个目标仍然是重要的。但是，今天，在使用疫苗来控制非传染性疾病，比如一些类型的癌症和阿尔茨海默氏病、可卡因成瘾，     

宠物抗病育种

宠物的抗病育种研究具有重要的意义,本文对开展抗病育种的必要性、宠物免疫抗病系统、疾病抗性遗传机制、免疫反应的遗传控制、宠物抗病常规育种、宠物抗病分子育种以及抗病育种方法的现状、存在的问题、展望进行了介绍。说明了对疾病抗性的选择有一个坚实基础。抗病育种是控制疾病的有效方法,应用前景美好。     

非人灵长类动物临床症状与疾病初步诊断的探讨

临床症状是诊断疾病的基础资料,可以作为疾病诊断的出发点和重要根据。在兽医临床中,由于非人灵长类动物不能用语言表达自身感觉,需要根据客观的临床症状观察来发现。所以兽医给动物诊断疾病,必须熟练掌握其各种常见临床症状与疾病的关系,以便根据症状的提示对疾病做出初步诊断。本文根据多年从事非人灵长类动物兽医临床工作的实践经验,从循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、生殖、神经、造血、肌肉、骨骼、皮肤、代谢及中毒等方面,总结了非人灵长类实验动物常见的临床症状和相应疾病初步诊断的联系。     

胶体金免疫层析技术在兽医学中的应用

胶体金免疫层析技术是一种固相免疫标记技术,具有操作简单、反应灵敏迅速、判定结果直观、无需特殊设备和专业人员等优点。胶体金检测技术一直以来在人类医疗领域中应用较为广泛,近年来该项技术也逐渐应用到兽医临床检测等方面中。目前在兽医领域内,该项技术已经在细菌性疾病、病毒性疾病及寄生虫性疾病等多方面都有应用。本综述对胶体金免疫层析技术进行简述,并对该项技术在兽医领域中的应用加以总结和展望,以期能为今后胶体金的相关研究提供参考。     

犬、猫与人类心血管疾病的特点比较

随着我国小动物诊疗行业与国际兽医临床技术的接轨,国内的兽医学科向专科方向发展,小动物心血管疾病在老年动物呈现出越来越高发的迹象,临床兽医在心血管疾病的研究也越来越深入,也更多的借鉴了人类心脏病学的诊疗检查手段,通过将犬猫心血管疾病特点与人类相比较,发现两者之异同,希望能籍此指导犬猫心血管疾病诊疗,满足动物主人的需求,维护动物健康,缓解给动物主人所带来的焦虑,体现兽医在维护人类身心健康的作用。     

我国兽药发展现状、宠物药研发与管理

本文从兽药的品种、结构、产值、研发及存在的问题入手,全面分析了我国兽药发展现状。并在此基础上,针对我国宠物药发展面临的现实问题,就如何做好宠物药研发与管理提出了具体意见及建议。     

Evaluation of candidate genes in the absence of positional information: a poor bet on a blind dog!

More than 350 inherited diseases have been reported in dogs and at least 50% of them have human counterparts. To remove the diseases from dog breeds and to identify canine models for human diseases, it is necessary to find the mutations underlying them. To this end, two methods have been used: the functional candidate gene approach and linkage analysis. Here we present an evaluation of these in canine retinal diseases, which have been the subject of a large number of molecular genetic studies, and we show the contrasting outcomes of these approaches when dealing with genetically heterogeneous diseases. The candidate gene approach has led to 377 published results with 23 genes. Most of the results (66.6%) excluded the presence of a mutation in a gene or its coding region, while only 3.4% of the results identified the mutation causing the disease. On the other hand, five linkage analysis studies have been done on retinal diseases, resulting in three identified mutations and two mapped disease loci. Mapping studies have relied on dog research colonies. If this favorable application of linkage analysis can be extended to dogs in the pet population, success in identifying canine mutations could increase, with advantages to veterinary and human medicine.     

Companion animal parasitology: a clinical perspective

In recent years there have been many changes to the ways that clinical veterinary science is conducted and nowhere is this more evident than in companion animal practice. Veterinarians working with pet dogs and cats are facing new challenges associated with the emergence and re-emergence of parasitic diseases. Some, such as Neospora caninum, have been recently recognised; others like Giardia and Cryptosporidium have been reported with increasing frequency, in part as a result of laboratory tests with improved sensitivity and specificity. In many regions, the emergence of parasitic diseases has been a consequence of pet travel and exotic diseases pose a unique diagnostic challenge for the veterinarian, as the index of suspicion for these conditions may be absent. The ranges of certain vector-borne diseases such as babesiosis, hepatozoonosis, ehrlichiosis, leishmaniasis and dirofilariasis are extending due to ecological and climatic changes and enhanced by animals with subclinical infection returning home from endemic areas. In companion animal practice, veterinarians have the additional responsibility of providing accurate information about the zoonotic transmission of parasite infections from pets, especially to those most vulnerable such as children, the elderly and the immunocompromised. Effective education is vital to allay public concerns and promote responsible pet ownership.     

Exploring the Grief Experience Among Callers to a Pet Loss Support Hotline

The present study explored the grief experience among callers to the Ontario Veterinary College Pet Loss Support Hotline (PLSH). Summary notes (n = 75) of the conversations between callers and PLSH volunteers were qualitatively analyzed using content analysis. Major content categories emerging from the analysis include personal pet narrative; perceived support sources; grief experiences; relationship with pet; memorialization; grief coping strategies; grief triggers; decision to euthanize; and veterinary interaction. Findings support that pet loss grief is a broad, complex construct, which can be complicated by a pet owner’s perceptions that they have minimal social support sources and negative veterinary interactions. Pet owners involved in the current study appeared comfortable sharing personal stories about their pet’s death when asked. In addition, memorialization appeared to be widely used by PLSH callers and may have helped them cope with their loss. Importantly, the interaction with veterinary staff was identified to potentially aggravate or alleviate a pet owner’s grief experience. Implications for mental health counselors and veterinary staff are that asking pet owners to tell their pet’s story and explore their support network may have value following the loss of a pet. Also, effectively communicating about memorialization and grief coping strategies may be beneficial when talking to owners experiencing grief. Finally, there continues to be a need for curricula and continuing professional training courses for veterinarians and mental health counselors to address topics such as the human–animal bond, grief, euthanasia, and memorialization practices.     

我国宠物业现状、机遇与挑战

我国宠物业是一个朝阳产业,发展速度快,问题多,整体水平不高,以市场化为主。宠物业的发展应当是全面的,逐步走向成熟。我们在宠物饲养观念、宠物在社会生活中的作用研究、宠物疾病防治、宠物与人共患疾病的关注度、宠物医疗、宠物药品、宠物食品、宠物医学教育等全方位面临机会和挑战。今后,中国大陆的宠物业在宠物疫苗研制、新宠物药品研发、新中兽药研制和推广、高质量宠物食品和处方食品生产、高水平的宠物医疗机构的扩展、和宠物与人类比较医学上必将得到很大的发展机会。     

Disease mapping in veterinary parasitology: an update

The development of methods for disease mapping has progressed considerably in recent years. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) represent new tools for the study of epidemiology, and their application to veterinary medicine, and in particular to veterinary parasitology, has become more and more advanced to study the spatial and temporal patterns of diseases. The present paper reports an update regarding the use of these technologies in veterinary parasitology.     

一个新兴的朝阳产业——宠物行业的前景

随着人民生活水平提高,物质生活富裕,传统家庭结构发生了变化和工作压力的增大,人际关系逐渐趋于淡化,使越来越多的人将感情投注于宠物身上,宠物与人类的关系已经发生了变化,人们越来越注重休闲生活情趣的培养,不再以追求温饱为主要目标,人与宠物间的依赖关系,随着时间的流逝而日益浓厚。饲养的犬猫不再扮演看门和捉老鼠的角色,而是人类休闲时的玩伴。在社会提倡人与人之间关爱的同时,也提升了人们对动物福利的理念,对社会的关爱和爱心,但他们迫切需要兽医医疗、疫病防控和饲养管理的指导。怎样将兽医知识教育公众并增加公众对饲养宠物的理解、对人兽共患病的认识,对所有影响动物福利问题的意识是我们的责任。伴随着宠物数量的增长,围绕宠物经济和宠物行业的发展催生了一些新兴的产业,这些产业带来的不仅是相关产品的诞生,我们看到了这些产业上升的空间和它的发展前途,成就了人们的就业和再就业,同时也给宠物行业带来了不可估量的经济效益,并对社会产生了巨大的社会价值和难以估计的经济产值。目前国内宠物市场已进入一个高速发展的时期,全球发达国家都将目光投向了中国日益增长的消费水平,这也标志着中国宠物市场发展的时机已经成熟。宠物市场涌现出的商机不可小觑,也正是我们看到的中国巨大的商机。以宠物为主题的产业日新月异,中国的宠物行业将迈上一个新的台阶。     

Pet Loss and Grief: Identifying At-risk Pet Owners during the Euthanasia Process

Pet owners often experience complex and profound grief reactions when their animals are euthanized. Veterinary staff are increasingly being called upon to be aware of and to respond to the grief reactions of pet owners at this critical time. The objectives of this study were to identify pet owners who are most at risk of grief and to suggest veterinary interventions during the euthanasia process. A convenience sample of 409 pet owners whose animals had been euthanized in the past year took part in a survey. Variables of interest included pet and pet-owner demographics, pet-death characteristics, attachment to pet, and bereavement reactions. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify factors related to the three grief reaction subtypes: sorrow, anger, and guilt. Results indicated that attachment to pets was a strong predictor of feelings of grief/sorrow (p < 0.001) and anger (p < 0.001). Sudden death was also related to feelings of anger (p < 0.05). Cancer diagnosis was negatively related to feelings of anger (p < 0.05) and guilt (p < 0.01). The findings from this study provide additional insight into the complexity of grief following pet euthanasia. For veterinary staff, anticipating the needs of pet owners and supporting them through the grief process is an integral role. Understanding which pet owners are at greatest risk of grief is an important initial step, followed by empathic communications, sensitive interactions, and the provision of grief support.