改革微生物学实验教学,激发学生创新潜力

培养创新型人才是"双一流"的重要建设任务,微生物学实验作为生物学科的重要基础课程,对学生实践能力和综合素质的提高,培养学生的创新意识和科研精神起着至关重要的作用。通过理清微生物学实验项目间内在联系,优化实验方案,构建细菌分离鉴定综合实验,改革微生物学实验教学体系;同时,引入新媒体教学,改革考评方式,以注重培养学生的学习兴趣、自主学习能力、创新思维和综合能力。     

加强微生物学基本操作技能训练, 提高学生的主观能动性

为了加强学生对微生物学基本操作技术的掌握,培养学生的创新精神和实践能力,从微生物学实验课程的教学内容安排、教学方式方法以及微生物学实验考核方式等几个方面进行了改革,阐述了具体措施与成效。     

环境工程微生物学考核方式改革与实践

环境工程微生物学是环境工程专业的重要专业基础课,本文对环境工程微生物学考核方式改革进行探索,论述了教学改革的具体实施办法和课程改革成效。课程考核采用考试、课堂表现、作业、小组讨论和课程论文相结合的方式进行。通过考核,使学生变被动学习为主动学习,加强学生对知识的掌握;提高学生文献检索能力,使其关注学科前沿,具备基本的科研理念;培养学生团队合作意识;培养学生学以致用的能力。环境工程微生物学考核的实施贯穿整个课程的学习过程,取得了较好的教学效果。     

食品微生物学实验教学过程中培养学生创新能力的实践与探索

对食品微生物学实验教学中的基础性实验、综合应用性实验、设计性实验等各层次的教学内容、教学手段、考核方式等进行改革和探索,创建适合培养广东海洋大学食品科学与工程、食品质量与安全专业学生的食品微生物学实验教学体系,对实验教学中遇到的难题提出了解决方法和思路,对提高学生动手能力,培养学生创新能力提供一些举措和思路。     

信息化知识竞赛的新型受体考核方式探索

为了强化信息技术应用,提升学生的信息素养和综合能力,提高教学效果,大连大学生命科学与技术学院的微生物学教研组首次发明"信息化知识竞赛"的新型受体考核,将信息化技术性答题与受体考核带进微生物学课程考核中,形成先学生"出题、答题",后教师"审题"的考核方式。结果表明此种新型的受体考核方式更有利于提升学生的信息素养,培养学生的综合能力,得到了学生的广泛认可。     

也谈微生物学的试题库建设

对微生物学试题库题目的命题进行改革,以新的思路和灵活多变的方式改革命题形式,在培养学生分析和解决问题能力的基础上,更好的检验学生掌握知识的程度。     

改革微生物学实验教学,提高大学生实践技能

总结近年来对微生物学实验教学改革的实践,确定实验教学体系的主要内容,注意以人为本,通过改革实验项目和考核方式,培养学生的实践能力。     

着眼于基本能力培养的“微生物学实验”教学改革实践

"微生物学实验"是高校生物类专业本科生的必修基础课。以该课程传统教学方法中普遍存在的教学效果欠佳、学生基本技能掌握不牢等问题为出发点,拟把夯实基础、注重基本能力培养的分阶段教学策略应用于微生物学实验教学改革中。具体措施:学生课前预习微课操作视频、课内实践操作和课外参加各类创新实践相结合,通过该方式培养和提升学生的创新能力和应用能力。改革方案实施后,通过基础理论知识和实验操作技能考核及问卷调查对教学效果进行评价。结果表明,该教学方式的改进能通过激发学生的学习积极性和主动性,进而达到切实巩固和提高学生基本实验技能、促进学生基础知识积累的效果,同时也培养了学生的创新能力和实践应用能力。     

微生物学实验教学改革的若干实践

本文总结近年来对微生物学实验教学改革的实践, 确定实验教学体系的主要内容, 注意以人为本, 通过改革教学手段和考核方式, 培养学生的实践能力与创新精神。     

微生物学实验教学改革的若干实践

本文总结近年来对微生物学实验教学改革的实践,确定实验教学体系的主要内容,注意以人为本,通过改革教学手段和考核方式,培养学生的实践能力与创新精神.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.