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Francieli Chassot Tarcieli Pozzebon Venturini Fernanda Baldissera Piasentin Janio Morais Santurio Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski Sydney Hartz Alves 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2019,36(1):44-47
Background
Candida parapsilosis may acquire resistance to echinocandins, a fact that prompts the search for new therapeutic options.Aims
The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of antifungal agents, alone and in combination, against four groups of C. parapsilosis strains: (1) echinocandin-susceptible (ES) clinical isolates (MIC ≤ 2 μg/ml), (2) anidulafungin-resistant strains (MIC ≥ 8 μg/ml), (3) caspofungin-resistant strains (MIC ≥ 8 μg/ml), and (4) micafungin-resistant strains (MIC ≥ 8 μg/ml).Methods
Antifungal interactions were evaluated by a checkerboard micro-dilution method. The determination of the MIC to each drug for every isolate according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute documents M27 (2017) and M60 (2017) was also done.Results
The echinocandins-resistant (ER) strains showed higher MICs to the tested antifungals than the ES strains, except for amphotericin B, for which the ER groups remained susceptible.Conclusions
Most combinations showed indifferent interactions. The use of monotherapy still seems to be the best option. As resistance to echinocandins is an emergent phenomenon, further studies are required to provide clearer information on the susceptibility differences between strains to these antifungal agents. 相似文献3.
Karla Berenice Carrazco-Peña Katia Farías-Moreno Benjamín Trujillo-Hernández 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2018,53(1):23-25
Objective
To determine the frequency of successful aging (SA) and its relationship with frailty in an elderly population.Material and methods
An analytical cross-sectional study of subjects ≥60 years of age seen as outpatients in a general hospital. Successful aging was defined as scores of ≥ 90 in the Barthel index and ≤ 2 in the Pfeiffer test. Frailty was determined using the Fried criteria.Results
The study included 400 subjects (272 women and 128 men), with a mean age of 71.6 ± 8.2 years. The SA frequency was 40.4%. frail status was statistically higher in non-successful aging subjects than in SA subjects (161.7 versus 7.9%; P<.001). Women were more frequently frail, while being a pensioner/retired and married were associated less frequently with frailty.Conclusions
Successful aging is associated with a lower level of frailty. 相似文献4.
Avinash H. Udayashankar Shibina Noorjahan Nirmala Srikantia K. Ravindra Babu Sandeep Muzumder 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(4):233-241
Aim
To identify the most reproducible technique of patient positioning and immobilization during pelvic radiotherapy.Background
Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of pelvic malignancies. Errors in positioning of patient are an integral component of treatment. The present study compares two methods of immobilization with no immobilization with an aim of identifying the most reproducible method.Materials and methods
65 consecutive patients receiving pelvic external beam radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. 30, 21 and 14 patients were treated with no-immobilization with a leg separator, whole body vacuum bag cushion (VBC) and six point aquaplast immobilization system, respectively. The systematic error, random error and the planning target volume (PTV) margins were calculated for all the three techniques and statistically analyzed.Results
The systematic errors were the highest in the VBC and random errors were the highest in the aquaplast group. Both systematic and random errors were the lowest in patients treated with no-immobilization. 3D Systematic error (mm, mean ± 1SD) was 4.31 ± 3.84, 3.39 ± 1.71 and 2.42 ± 0.97 for VBC, aquaplast and no-immobilization, respectively. 3D random error (mm, 1SD) was 2.96, 3.59 and 1.39 for VBC, aquaplast and no-immobilization, respectively. The differences were statistically significant between all the three groups. The calculated PTV margins were the smallest for the no-immobilization technique with 4.56, 4.69 and 4.59 mm, respectively, in x, y and z axes, respectively.Conclusions
Among the three techniques, no-immobilization technique with leg separator was the most reproducible technique with the smallest PTV margins. For obvious reasons, this technique is the least time consuming and most economically viable in developing countries. 相似文献5.
Use of lignocellulosic wastes of pecan (Carya illinoinensis) in the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum
María Virginia Ozcariz-Fermoselle Raúl Fraile-Fabero Tomás Girbés-Juan Oscar Arce-Cervantes Juan Andrés Oria de Rueda-Salgueiro Anabela Marisa Azul 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2018,35(2):103-109
Background
The wastes of pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) production are increasing worldwide and have high concentrations of tannins and phenols.Aims
To study the biodegradation of lignocellulosic wastes of pecan used as solid substrate for the cultivation of the white-rot fungus Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst.Methods
Six formulations of pecan wastes were used as solid substrate: pecan shells (PS100), pecan pericarp (PP100), pecan wood-chips (PB100), and the combinations PS50 + PP50, PB50 + PS50 and PB50 + PP50. The substrates were inoculated with a wild strain of G. lucidum collected in the Iberian Peninsula. The biodegradation capability of G. lucidum was estimated by using the mycelial growth rate, the biological efficiency, the production and the dry biological efficiency.Results
Notably, all solid substrates were suitable for G. lucidum growth and mushroom yield. The best performance in mushroom yield was obtained with PB100 (55.4% BE), followed by PB50 + PP50 (31.7% BE) and PB50 + PS50 (25.4% BE). The mushroom yield in the substrates containing pecan wood-chips (PB) was significantly higher.Conclusions
Our study is leading the way in attempting the cultivation of G. lucidum on lignocellulosic pecan waste. These results show an environmentally friendly alternative that increases the benefits for the global pecan industry, especially in rural areas, and transforms biomass into mushrooms with nutraceutical properties and biotechnological applications. 相似文献6.
Sweta Bandanatham Janaki Manur Gururajachar Mohan Kumar Somashekar 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(2):69-74
Aim
This prospective study aims to assess the compliance with bladder protocol and the correlation with enteritis during pelvic radiation.Background
Bladder protocol is routinely used for patients undergoing pelvic radiation to reduce radiation enteritis. It is very difficult to maintain constant volume especially in the last two weeks due to radiation enteritis and cystitis.Materials and methods
Histologically proven 35 cervical cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation in a tertiary care center were the subjects of this prospective study. Following CT simulation and after every fraction, patients were asked to void urine in a calibrated urine container and the volume was documented. Patients were assessed for the highest grade of radiation enteritis weekly as per common toxicity criteria. The mean voided urine volume was correlated with the radiation enteritis.Results
The mean urine volume at planning CT scan was 295.85 ± 300 ml (SD) with a range of 75–650. At the end of treatment, it was reduced to 233.14 ± 250 ml (range 50–400 ml), a reduction by 21% (p < 0.001). The maximum grade of enteritis was grade I (11%), II (11.4%), III (3–29%) in week 1,2 and 3–5, respectively with a p value of <0.001. A mean urine volume of 230 ml was associated with grade III enteritis in the third week.Conclusions
Urine output volume measured using a calibrated container is a simple, efficient and practical method to monitor bladder distension thereby reducing enteritis in cervical cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation. 相似文献7.
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Carlos Ruiz de Alegría Puig Jesús Agüero-Balbín Carlos Fernández-Mazarrasa Luis Martínez-Martínez 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2018,35(3):130-133
Background
Matrix-assisted laser desorption-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) represents a revolution in the identification of microorganisms of clinical interest. Many studies have confirmed the accuracy and fastness of this tool with routine strains.Aims
To identify clinical isolates of Candida from patients diagnosed with candidemia.Methods
Vitek-MS? system was used with a collection of 298 blood isolates of the genus Candida represented by 9 different species. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA cluster was used as the reference method.Results
The results of Vitek-MS? were concordant with those obtained with the reference method for 279 (93.62%) isolates (Kappa coefficient (κ) = 0.91). Vitek-MS? misidentified 10 (3.36%) isolates and did not identify 9 (3.02%) isolates.Conclusions
This study determines the potential of Vitek-MS? in yeast identification, being a reliable and fast alternative in the clinical laboratory, with an acceptable sensitivity of 82% (IC 95%: 70–90.6%), in comparison with a 100% (IC 95%: 92.9–100%) sensitivity of the conventional methods. 相似文献9.
Sureyya Sarıhan Ahmet Sami Bayram Cengiz Gebitekin Omer Yerci Deniz Sıgırlı 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(2):97-104
Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) for treatment outcomes and prognostic factors on survival.Background
TETs are very rare neoplasms and multidisciplinary approach is recommended according to prognostic factors.Materials and methods
Between 1995 and 2013, 31 patients were treated with median 5400 cGy (range: 1620–6596 cGy) radiotherapy (RT). Eleven patients received adjuvant or concurrent chemotherapy. There were 25 thymomas, 4 thymic carcinomas and 2 thymic neuroendocrin carcinomas. According to Masaoka, staging and WHO classification, cases were divided to good (n: 10), moderate (n: 9) and poor (n: 12) prognostic risk groups. Survival was calculated from diagnosis.Results
In January 2016, 22 cases were alive with median 51.5 months (range: 2–170.5) follow-up. Recurrences were observed in 29% of patients in median 29.5 months (range: 6.5–105). Local control, mean overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 86%, 119 and 116 months, respectively. There was a significant difference for R0 vs. R+ resection (81% vs. 43%, p = 0.06, and 69% vs. 46%, p = 0.05), Masaoka stage I–II vs. III–IV (75% vs. 52%, p = 0.001, and 75% vs. 37%, p < 0.001), and also prognostic risk groups (100% vs. 89% vs. 48%, p = 0.003, and 100% vs. 87% vs. 27%, p = 0.004) in terms of 5-year OS and DFS, respectively.Conclusion
In our study, prognostic risk stratification was shown to be a significant predictor of survival. There is a need to investigate subgroups that may or may not benefit from adjuvant RT. 相似文献10.
Adela Poitevin-Chacón Jessica Chávez-Nogueda Rubí Ramos Prudencio Alejandro Calvo Fernández Alejandro Rodríguez Laguna Jesús Linares Julio César Martínez 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(2):91-96
Aim
To evaluate the dose distribution to the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in patients treated with postoperative three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT).Background
Postoperative radiotherapy may increase the risk of heart disease, particularly in patients with left-sided breast cancer. Clinical data on doses to the LAD are limited.Materials and methods
Retrospective study of 14 patients who underwent postoperative 3DCRT for left breast cancer in 2014. All data were retrieved from medical records. Means, medians, ranges, and percentages were calculated.Results
The mean dose to the LAD in patients with V25 < 1% was 0.12 cGy. Dmean, Dmax and V25 to the heart were, respectively, 3.7 Gy (range, 0.9–4.18), 40.3 Gy (9.28–62.9), and 1.59 cGy. The mean Dmean and Dmax values in the sample were 9.71 Gy and 33.2 Gy, respectively. The maximum dose to the LAD (D2%) ranged from 3.66 to 53.01 Gy. Due to the spacing of the CT slices (5 mm), it was not possible to completely contour the entire artery. The mean dose to the heart (3.3 Gy) was considered acceptable.Conclusions
The maximum dose to the LAD was as high as 53 Gy, suggesting an increased risk of cardiac morbidity. This study underscores the value of contouring the LAD and the value of the breath hold technique to reduce maximum cardiac doses. Smaller CT cuts (2.5 mm) can improve contouring. Larger studies with long-term follow up are needed to determine the radiation tolerance dose for the LAD. 相似文献11.
Oriol Turró Garriga Sílvia Farrés Costa Albert Pérez Terré Pau Batlle Amat 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2018,53(4):196-201
Introduction
The care of dependent persons is arduous, and requires time, energy, and physical effort on the part of caregivers. Personal characteristics, such as the sense of coherence (SOC), can influence the perceived burden and care giving.Objective
To determine the impact of SOC on the perceived burden and to determine if these characteristics are associated with adherence to a psycho-educational program for informal caregivers.Material and method
Prospective observational study of caregivers of dependent persons participating in the ‘School of Caregivers’, a psycho-educational program for family and paid caregivers. An analysis was made of the SOC-13 items and the results of the Zarit Burden Interview. The relationship between the SOC and the adherence to the program (≥ 50% sessions) was also analysed.Results
The study included 96 participants, with 71.9% family carers. The higher burden was associated with a lower SOC meaningfulness factor (β = –0.388; P = .002), and to be a relative vs. paid carer (β = –0.300; P = .010). Just over half (52.1%) of carers completed 50% or more sessions, and in the case of the relatives, this adherence increased by higher SOC (OR: 1.1, P = .034), and lower burden (OR: 0.95, P = .032). The lack of adherence of paid caregivers was not associated with any of the analysed variables.Conclusions
The sense of coherence and mainly the meaning, is a characteristic to take into account for the adaptation of interventions in caregivers and provide them with greater equity working more on the people who need it the most (lower SOC and greater burden). 相似文献12.
Alba Pérez-Cantero Pamela Thomson Katihuska Paredes Josep Guarro Javier Capilla 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2019,36(1):37-40
Background
The incidence of systemic infections by Saccharomyces cerevisiae has increased in recent years, especially among immunocompromised patients. Amphotericin B, voriconazole or echinocandins have been used with favorable outcome against systemic infections by this fungus. However, clinical experience is limited and no in vivo studies have been conducted.Aims
We evaluated the in vitro activity of nine antifungal compounds against S. cerevisiae and the in vivo efficacy of those three antifungals showing the highest in vitro activity by using a murine model of systemic infection.Methods
Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the microdilution method against three strains of S. cerevisiae. After intravenous infection with 5 × 107 CFUs, animals received liposomal amphotericin B (5 mg/kg), voriconazole (25 mg/kg) or anidulafungin (5 mg/kg). Treatment efficacy was assessed by determining of CFUs/g in liver, kidney, brain, lung and spleen.Results
5-Fluorocytosine was the most in vitro active compound followed by amphotericin B, voriconazole and anidulafungin. The in vivo study showed that liposomal amphotericin B was the most effective drug driving highest fungal clearance.Conclusions
All treatments reduced the fungal load in comparison to the control group, being liposomal amphotericin B the most effective drug followed by anidulafungin and finally voriconazole. 相似文献13.
Blanca Rosales-Acosta Aarón Mendieta Clara Zúñiga Joaquín Tamariz César Hernández Rodríguez José Antonio Ibarra-García Lourdes Villa-Tanaca 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2019,36(1):1-8
Background
The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (Hmgr) catalyzes the synthesis of mevalonate, a key compound for the synthesis of cholesterol in humans and ergosterol in fungi. Since the Hmgr enzymes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Candida glabrata are similar to the Hmgr enzymes of mammals, fungal Hmgr enzymes have been proposed as a model for studying antifungal agents.Aims
To examine the correlation between inhibiting Um-Hmgr enzyme and the viability, sterols synthesis and mating in Ustilago maydis.Methods
Using in silico analysis, the ORF codifying for Um-Hmgr was identified and the protein characteristics were deduced. The effect of the competitive inhibitors of Um-Hmgr on the viability of this basidiomycota, the synthesis of its sterols, and its mating were evaluated.Results
The Umhmgr gene (XP_011389590.1) identified putatively codifies a protein of 1443 aa (ca. MW = 145.5 kDa) that has a possible binding domain in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and high identity with the Hmgr catalytic domain of humans and other yeasts. The inhibition of Um-Hmgr caused a decrease of viability and synthesis of sterols, and also the inhibition of mating. The activity of Um-Hmgr is mainly located in the membrane fraction of the fungus.Conclusions
Given our results we believe U. maydis is a valid model for studying synthetic inhibitors with lipid-lowering or antifungal activity. Additionally, we propose the Hmgr enzyme as an alternative molecular target to develop compounds for treating both phytopathogenic and pathogenic human fungi. 相似文献14.
Janire De-La-Torre Guillermo Quindós Cristina Marcos-Arias Xabier Marichalar-Mendia María Luisa Gainza Elena Eraso Amelia Acha-Sagredo José Manuel Aguirre-Urizar 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2018,35(3):134-139
Background
Candida can be implicated in the pathology of chronic periodontitis.Aims
To analyze the oral Candida carriage in patients suffering from chronic periodontitis (CP) and its correlation with the severity of this condition.Methods
Microbiological samples were taken from 155 patients using the oral rinse (OR) technique and by using paper points in the periodontal pockets (GPP). These patients were divided into 3 groups: 89 patients without CP (control), 47 with moderate CP, and 19 with severe CP. Samples were cultured in a Candida chromogenic agar for Candida. Species were identified by microbiological and molecular methods.Results
Candida was isolated in the OR of 45 (50.6%), 21 (44.7%), and 11 (57.9%) patients, respectively, and in the GPP of 32 (36%), 14 (29.2%), and 10 (42.6%) patients from the control, moderate CP and severe CP groups, respectively. Candida was isolated more frequently and in a greater burden in OR than in GPP (p < 0.01). Candida albicans was the most prevalent species. GPP of patients with CP had poor fungal biodiversity (p < 0.01).Conclusions
Colonization by Candida was present in the samples of patients without CP, and with both moderate and severe CP. Nonetheless, patients with severe CP had a higher rate of Candida colonization, especially by C. albicans. 相似文献15.
Sandra Gil-Alonso Guillermo Quindós Emilia Cantón Elena Eraso Nerea Jauregizar 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2019,36(1):24-29
Background
Candida parapsilosis, Candida metapsilosis and Candida orthopsilosis are emerging as relevant causes of candidemia. Moreover, they show differences in their antifungal susceptibility and virulence. The echinocandins are different in terms of in vitro antifungal activity against Candida. Time-kill (TK) curves represent an excellent approach to evaluate the fungicidal activity of antifungal drugs.Aims
To compare the fungicidal activities of anidulafungin, caspofungin and micafungin against C. parapsilosis species complex by TK curves.Methods
Antifungal activities of three echinocandins against C. parapsilosis, C. metapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis were studied by TK curves. Drug concentrations assayed were 0.25, 2 and 8 μg/ml. CFU/ml were determined at 0, 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 h.Results
Killing activities of echinocandins were species-, isolates- and concentration-dependent. Anidulafungin reached the fungicidad endpoint for 6 out of 7 isolates (86%); it required between 13.34 and 29.67 h to reach this endpoint for the three species studied, but more than 48 h were needed against one isolate of C. orthopsilosis (8 μg/ml). Caspofungin fungicidal endpoint was only achieved with 8 μg/ml against one isolate of C. metapsilosis after 30.12 h (1 out of 7 isolates; 14%). Micafungin fungicidal endpoint was reached in 12.74–28.38 h (8 μg/ml) against one isolate each of C. parapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis, and against both C. metapsilosis isolates (4 out of 7 isolates; 57%).Conclusions
C. metapsilosis was the most susceptible species to echinocandins, followed by C. orthopsilosis and C. parapsilosis. Anidulafungin was the most active echinocandin against C. parapsilosis complex. 相似文献16.
Randa Bittar Élisabeth Aslangul Philippe Giral Lambert Assoumou Marc-Antoine Valantin Olga Kalmykova Marie-Christine Federspiel Corinne Cherfils Dominique Costagliola Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot 《Comptes rendus biologies》2017,340(2):109-113
Background
We evaluated the effect of 45 days of rosuvastatin or pravastatin treatment on the distribution of HDL subfractions in HIV-1-infected individuals receiving boosted protease inhibitors (PIs) with cardiovascular risk.Methods
The distribution of HDL subclasses by gradient gel electrophoresis was blindly assessed in 74 HIV-1-infected individuals receiving boosted PIs at baseline and at day 45 of statin treatment, and compared with the distribution obtained in 63 healthy normolipidemic individuals taken as controls.Results
No significant modification appeared in HDL distribution between the two arms of statins for the HIV-1-infected individuals. Nevertheless, when compared to controls, HDL subfractions showed a significantly lower HDL2b proportion and significantly higher proportions of HDL2a and HDL3b (P < 0.001).Conclusion
No difference was observed in HDL distribution between pravastatin and rosuvastatin after 45 days treatment, in HIV-1-infected individuals under PIs. Nevertheless, when compared to healthy normolipidemic subjects, HDL distribution is clearly different, with a distribution in HIV-infected individuals under PIs associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. 相似文献17.
Cristina Buiza Javier Yanguas Amaia Zulaica Iván Antón Enrique Arriola Alvaro García 《Revista espa?ola de geriatría y gerontología》2018,53(4):208-212
Introduction
Adaptation and validation to the Basque language of tests to assess advanced cognitive impairment is a not covered need for Basque-speaking people. The present work shows the validation of the Basque version of the Severe Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE).Material and methods
A total of 109 people with advanced dementia (MEC < 15) took part in the validation study, and were classified as GDS 5-7 on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). All participants were Spanish-Basque bilingual.Results
It was shown that SMMSE-eus has a high internal consistency (alpha = 0.92), a good test-retest reliability (r = 0.88; P < .01), and a high inter-rater reliability (CCI = 0.99; P < .00) for the overall score, as well as for each item.Conclusions
Both the high internal consistency and inter-rater reliability, and to a lesser extent, test-retest reliability, made the SMMSE-eus a valid test for the brief assessment of cognitive status in people with advanced dementia in Basque-speaking people. For this reason, the SMMSE-eus is a usable and reliable alternative for assessing Basque-speaking people in their mother-tongue, or preferred language. 相似文献18.
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Aparna Gangopadhyay 《Reports of Practical Oncology and Radiotherapy》2018,23(3):228-231
Aim
To identify risk factors that lower efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis of febrile neutropenia among older patients on chemoradiation.Background
Audit of institutional data showed that older adults are at higher risk of febrile neutropenia during chemoradiation. In limited resource settings widespread use of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) is not economically feasible and antibiotics are used commonly. Despite compliance with antibiotics, prophylaxis is inadequate in many patients owing to patient and tumor related factors.Materials and methods
Data from records of 219 older patients receiving antibiotic prophylaxis during chemoradiation were studied. Baseline assessment data and predisposing factors for febrile neutropenia were recorded. All patients received prophylactic fluoroquinolones. Incidence of febrile neutropenia and association with predisposing factors at baseline was analyzed by multiple logistic regression.Results
38.4% developed febrile neutropenia despite compliance. Multiple logistic regression revealed geriatric assessment (G8) score and tumor stage to be significant predictors of febrile neutropenia while on antibiotics (p < 0.0001). Odds ratios for two significant predictors G8 score and tumor stage, respectively, were 2.9 (95% CI 1.8036–4.6815) and 2.7 (95% CI 1.7501–4.1318). Correlation between these two significant predictors was found to be low in our cohort (Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation (rho) – 0.431, p < 0.0001).Conclusion
G8 score and tumor burden are significant predictors of efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis among older adults receiving chemoradiation. In older patients having poor G8 scores and advanced tumors, antibiotic prophylaxis is unsuitable. Interestingly, co-morbidities and poor performance status did not impact efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis among our elderly patients. 相似文献20.
Giulia Carrano Simona Paulone Lucía Lainz María-Jesús Sevilla Elisabetta Blasi María-Dolores Moragues 《Revista iberoamericana de micología》2019,36(1):9-16