系统性硬化症关节损害的临床表现(附64例分析)

系统性硬化症(SSC)是以局限或弥漫性皮肤内脏器官结缔组织纤维化、硬化及萎缩为特点的全身性结缔组织病,不仅累及血管、肺、消化道等,也累及全身关节,尤其小关节。关节受累虽是SSC表现形式之一,但相关报告甚少。为了提高对其关节损害的认识,我们对1992年以来收治的系统性硬化症     

脂质代谢在系统性硬化症中的作用

系统性硬化症(systemic sclerosis,SSc)是一种罕见的自身免疫性疾病,以皮肤和器官慢性炎症性纤维化为主要表现,在所有风湿性疾病中死亡率最高。脂质代谢是指脂质在体内摄取、合成、分解的综合过程,可调节细胞稳态,促进血管病变、纤维化和炎症,近年来成为SSc研究的焦点。本文以SSc中的动脉粥样硬化特性为切入点,综述脂类代谢失调及相关介质与SSc发病机制的密切关系,以期为SSc的临床研究和治疗提供新的思路。     

IL-1及家族成员在心肌炎中的作用研究

心肌炎是多种因素引起心肌局限性或弥漫性的炎症病变,近年来许多专家学者对该病进行了大量的研究,但是它的发病机制一直尚未明确。随着心肌炎动物模型试验的基础研究与临床诊疗的不断深入,目前认为心肌炎的发病主要与病毒损伤心肌细胞、免疫机制有关,在此过程中细胞因子IL-1及其家族成员起着重要的作用,本文就IL-1及家族成员在心肌炎的作用机制的研究进展综述如下。     

氧化应激研究进展及其在缺血性心肌病发病中的作用

缺血性心肌病（ischemic cardiomyopathy,ICM）是指由于长期心肌缺血导致心肌局限性或弥漫性纤维化,从而产生心脏收缩和（或）舒张功能受损,引起心脏扩大或僵硬、充血性心力衰竭、心律失常等一系列临床表现的临床综合症。大量研究表明,ICM的发病机制与氧化应激密切相关。研究和开发新的抗氧化药物,将为缺血性心肌病的防治提供新的方向和途径。     

氧化应激研究进展及其在缺血性心肌病发病中的作用

缺血性心肌病(ischemic cardiomyopathy,ICM)是指由于长期心肌缺血导致心肌局限性或弥漫性纤维化,从而产生心脏收缩和(或)舒张功能受损,引起心脏扩大或僵硬、充血性心力衰竭、心律失常等一系列临床表现的临床综合症。大量研究表明,ICM的发病机制与氧化应激密切相关。研究和开发新的抗氧化药物,将为缺血性心肌病的防治提供新的方向和途径。     

MicroRNAs在系统性硬化症纤维化中的作用及机制

微RNA（microRNAs,miRNAs）是在基因编码中起负性调控作用的内源性短链非编码RNA（non-coding RNAs,ncRNAs）,是生理和病理过程中基因表达必不可少的转录后调控物。miRNAs占人类基因组的1%～2%,通过与各自的mRNA结合并抑制其翻译,调节大于50%的人类基因及60%的哺乳动物蛋白质编码基因。系统性硬化症（systemic sclerosis,SSc）的发病机制由复杂的miRNAs网络调控。这些miRNAs位于与SSc纤维化相关的基因组区域,通过参与调节重要的细胞信号通路,如TGF-β、Wnt/β-catenin、TLR-4、IL和PDGF-β等,在SSc纤维化过程中发挥作用。同时,还与细胞信号转导、基质修复与重塑、成纤维细胞凋亡、胶原蛋白质合成和细胞外基质（extracellular matrix,ECM）沉积等相关。充分了解miRNAs在SSc纤维化中的重要性,有助于为SSc的诊断提供新的生物标记,为治疗提供新策略。本文综述了miRNAs在SSc纤维化过程中参与调节的这些复杂细胞信号通路的作用及机制,以期为SSc诊断、严重程度判断、预后评估,以及寻求潜在治疗靶点提供新思路。     

神农架林区5种林型中社鼠脏器的重量

动物为适应外界环境的改变会在其形态和生理上发生相应的变化,内脏器官重量变化是其在器官水平上的主要表现之一.为探讨生境变化对小型哺乳动物内脏器官的影响,本文选取了原始林、次生林、薪材林、华山松Pinus armandis人工林和日本落叶松Larix leptolepis人工林5种林型,调查生境变化下社鼠Niviventer confucianus内脏器官重量的变化.结果显示,5种林型社鼠间心、肺和肝重量差异显著,心和肺值均以人工林中最高,肝值以次生林中最高,而肾和脾重量在不同林型间无显著差异.社鼠内脏器官的变化,是其对环境变化作出的积极响应,对其生存繁衍具有重要作用.     

系统型硬化症尿液lncRNA-mRNA差异表达基因筛选及生物信息学分析

为探讨系统性硬化症(SSc)患者尿液样本中的长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)、信使RNA(mRNA)的表达谱和生物学功能。选取6名SSc患者和3名健康对照者(HC),采集样本为中段晨尿,应用mRNA和lncRNA微阵列检测总RNA表达变异,SSc组与HC组相比。检测尿液lncRNA和mRNA表达,Gene ontology (GO)分析Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)信号通路分析差异表达的lncRNA功能分布;STRING在线网站和Cytoscape软件网络应用分析构建蛋白质相互作用网络(PPI)并筛选出核心基因(Hub Gene)。结果发现：与HC相比,SSc患者尿液中共有645个(上调546,下调99)mRNA和1 888个(上调1 647,下调241)lncRNA差异表达(Fold Change绝对值≥2,且P≤0.05)。KEGG通路结果显示富集TGF-β信号通路、氧化磷酸化、磷酸戊糖通路。SSc的GO分析显示与转录调控、DNA去甲基化、白介素6反应等相关;PPI网络分析表明主要富集在氧化磷酸化、细胞凋亡、自噬途径通路...     

浅谈内感受器

内感受器分布在人和动物的内脏器官及血管壁上,是专门感受来自内脏器官及血管壁的刺激(如压力、化学、温度等),并将这些刺激能量转化为生物的神经冲动的换能装置.现在已经知道,分布在心血管系统、呼吸系统、消化系统和泌尿器官上的感受器约有20多种.从所感受的刺激性质上分,它们有机械感受器、化学感受器和温度感受器等.     

Adipose-derived stem cells:Pathophysiologic implications vs therapeutic potential in systemic sclerosis

Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)residing in the stromal vascular fraction(SVF)of white adipose tissue are recently emerging as an alternative tool for stem cell-based therapy in systemic sclerosis(SSc),a complex connective tissue disorder affecting the skin and internal organs with fibrotic and vascular lesions.Several preclinical and clinical studies have reported promising therapeutic effects of fat grafting and autologous SVF/ADSC-based local treatment for facial and hand cutaneous manifestations of SSc patients.However,currently available data indicate that ADSCs may represent a double-edged sword in SSc,as they may exhibit a pro-fibrotic and anti-adipogenic phenotype,possibly behaving as an additional pathogenic source of pro-fibrotic myofibroblasts through the adipocyte-to-myofibroblast transition process.Thus,in the perspective of a larger employ of SSc-ADSCs for further therapeutic applications,it is important to definitely unravel whether these cells present a comparable phenotype and similar immunosuppressive,anti-inflammatory,anti-fibrotic and pro-angiogenic properties in respect to healthy ADSCs.In light of the dual role that ADSCs seem to play in SSc,this review will provide a summary of the most recent insights into the preclinical and clinical studies employing SVF and ADSCs for the treatment of the disease and,at the same time,will focus on the main findings highlighting the possible involvement of these stem cells in SSc-related fibrosis pathogenesis.     

Molecular cloning and expression of the gene encoding a phospholipase A1 from Aspergillus oryzae.

Phospholipase A1 (PLA1) is a hydrolytic enzyme that catalyzes removal of the acyl group from position 1 of lecithin to form lysolecithin. The genomic DNA and cDNA encoding PLA1 from Aspergillus oryzae were cloned with the mixed deoxyribonucleotide-primed polymerase chain reaction. The PLA1 gene is composed of 1,056 bp and has four exons and three short introns (63, 54, and 51 bp). The deduced amino acid sequence of PLA1 contained the N-terminal sequence of the mature PLA1 analyzed by Edman degradation. PLA1 cDNA has an open reading frame of 885 bp encoding the PLA1 precursor of 295 amino acid residues. The mature PLA1 is composed of 269 amino acid residues, and a prepro-sequence of 26 amino acid residues is at the N-terminal region of the PLA1 precursor. PLA1 has two possible N-glycosylation sites (Asn27 and Asn55). PLA1 has a consensus pentapeptide (-Gly-His-Ser-Xaa-Gly-), which is conserved in lipases. The amino acid sequence of PLA1 showed 47% identity with that of mono- and diacylglycerol lipase from Penicillium camembertii. The PLA1 cDNA was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae KS58-2D, indicating the cloned gene to be functional.     

Characterization and regulation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene encoding thioredoxin

A cDNA coding thioredoxin (TRX) was isolated from a cDNA library of Schizosaccharomyces pombe by colony hybridization. The 438 bp EcoRI fragment, which was detected by Southern hybridization, reveals an open reading frame which encodes a protein of 103 amino acids. The genomic DNA encoding TRX was also isolated from S. pombe chromosomal DNA using PCR. The cloned sequence contains 1795 bp and encodes a protein of 103 amino acids. However, the C-terminal region obtained from the cDNA clone is -Val-Arg-Leu-Asn-Arg-Ser-Leu, whereas the C-terminal region deduced from the genomic DNA appears to contain -Ala-Ser-Ile-Lys-Ala-Asn-Leu. This indicates that S. pombe cells contain two kinds of TRX genes which have dissimilar amino acid sequences only at the C-terminal regions. The heterologous TRX 1C produced from the cDNA clone could be used as a subunit of T7 DNA polymerase, while the TRX 1G from the genomic DNA could not. The upstream sequence and the region encoding the N-terminal 18 amino acids of the genomic DNA were fused into the promoterless beta-galactosidase gene of the shuttle vector YEp357 to generate the fusion plasmid pYKT24. Synthesis of beta-galactosidase from the fusion plasmid was found to be enhanced by hydrogen peroxide, menadione and aluminum chloride. It indicates that the expression of the cloned TRX gene is induced by oxidative stress.     

Molecular cloning of the cDNA of human X chromosomal gene (CCG1) which complements the temperature-sensitive G1 mutants, tsBN462 and ts13, of the BHK cell line.

The tsBN462 cell line, a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant isolated from the hamster cell line, BHK21/13 has a ts defect in G1 progression and belongs to the same complementation group as the ts13 cell line. We cloned human cDNA which can complement both tsBN462 and ts13 mutations, from the cDNA library of the secondary ts+ transformant (K-1-1) of tsBN462 cells using, as a probe, the isolated human X chromosomal genomic DNA. The cloned DNA is 5.3 kb long and has an open reading frame of 4662 bp, encoding a protein of 178,768 daltons. The putative protein is hydrophilic with a tandem repeat of 120 amino acids in the C-terminal region. An amino acid sequence (PPKKKRRV), similar to the consensus sequence for the nuclear translocation signal, is located immediately before the tandem repeat of amino acids.     

人SBK1 cDNA的克隆及其相互作用蛋白的筛选

首次克隆到人的SBK1（homo sapiens SH3-binding domain kinase 1,SBK1）的cDNA序列,并通过生物信息学的手段,电子克隆到人SBK1的基因组DNA序列.人的SBK1是鼠SBK1的直系同源物,两者基因组DNA结构相似,均含有4个外显子.人的sbk1基因ORF长1 275 bp,编码424个氨基酸,而鼠的ORF长1 254 bp,编码417个氨基酸.两者编码区的核苷酸序列同源性达87.7%,而氨基酸序列同源性达95.7%,在羧基端均有一个PV富集区,推测其能与含有SH3结构域的蛋白质结合.将RT－PCR所获得的长度为1 610 bp的sbk1cDNA序列搜索EST数据库,进行电子延伸,最终获得了约5 kb的人sbk1全长mRNA序列,它与鼠的sbk1全长mRNA大小一致;通过比较基因组学发现UniGene族Hs.97837实际上代表了sbk1基因UniGene族Hs.460471的3′UTR区域,而不是代表了一个新的UniGene族.采用酵母双杂交技术,以SBK1为“诱饵”,获得了与之相互结合的蛋白表皮生长因子受体EGFR和核孤儿受体蛋白NR4A1,它们之间的具体功能关系有待进一步研究.     

Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of human pancreatic prechymotrypsinogen cDNA

The cDNA clone encoding human prechymotrypsinogen was isolated from a human pancreas cDNA library and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The sequence consists of a 16 bp 5' non-coding region, a 789 bp amino acid coding region and a 60 bp 3' non-coding region. The predicted product consists of 263 amino acids, including 18 amino acids for a signal peptide and 15 amino acids possible for an activation peptide. Southern blot analyses using the cloned cDNA as a probe revealed that human genomic DNA carries at least two genes that are related to chymotrypsinogen.     

丹参咖啡酸-O-甲基转移酶基因(SmCOMT1)的克隆及其分析

依据丹参转录组数据库得到的咖啡酸-O-甲基转移酶基因序列设计特异性引物,采用RT-PCR方法从丹参分离得到一个新的COMT基因,命名为SmCOMT1(GenBank注册号为JF693491）。该基因cDNA全长1 158 bp,包含一个长为1 095 bp的开放阅读框,编码364个氨基酸。SmCOMT1 gDNA序列长2 275 bp,包含4个外显子和3个内含子。序列分析结果表明,SmCOMT1编码的多肽具有COMT的序列保守元件,与同科植物罗勒COMT编码的多肽高度同源,同源性达到89%。系统进化树分析表明,SmCOMT1与双子叶植物的COMT亲缘关系较近。qRT-PCR结果表明,SmCOMT1基因在丹参不同组织器官中差异表达,其中茎中的表达量最高,并且其表达受茉莉酸甲酯和病原菌的诱导,显示SmCOMT1基因可能在植物防御反应中发挥作用。     

Cloning and sequencing of the triacylglycerol lipase gene of Aspergillus oryzae and its expression in Escherichia coli

Aspergillus oryzae produces at least three extracellular lipolytic enzymes, L1, L2 and L3 (cutinase, mono- and diacylglycerol lipase, and triacylglycerol lipase, respectively). We cloned the triacylglycerol lipase gene (provisionally designated tglA) by screening a genomic library using a PCR product obtained with two degenerate oligonucleotide primers corresponding to amino acid sequences of L3 as probes. Nucleotide sequencing of the genomic DNA and cDNA revealed that the L3 gene (tglA) has an open reading frame comprising 954 nucleotides, which contains three introns of 47, 83 and 62 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence of the tglA gene corresponds to 254 amino acid residues including a signal sequence of 30 amino acids and, in spite of the difference in substrate specificity, it is homologous to those of cutinases from fungi. Three residues presumed to form the catalytic triad, Ser, Asp and His, are conserved. The cloned cDNA of the tglA gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and enzyme assaying and zymography revealed that the cloned cDNA encodes a functional triacylglycerol lipase.     

Genomic and cDNA cloning, characterization of Delonix regia trypsin inhibitor (DrTI) gene, and expression of DrTI in Escherichia coli

Degenerate primers were designed based on all possible sequences of the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of Delonix regia trypsin inhibitor (DrTI). Five hundred sixty-one bp of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was amplified using the above degenerate primers and genomic DNA and cDNA of Delonix regia as a template. The amplified PCR products were cloned and sequenced. DNA sequence analysis of cDNA and genomic clones of DrTI have the same nucleotide sequence in the coding region, and manifested a genomic clone without intervening sequences in the coding region. The amino acid sequence deduced from the DrTI genomic and cDNA clones agreed with that identified via amino acid sequencing analysis, except that two amino acid residues, Ser and Lys, existed between residues Lys141 and Ser142. DrTI open reading frame was then amplified and cloned in-frame with GST in pGEX4T-1 and overexpressed in Escherichia coli to yield a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fusion protein with a calculated molecular mass of about 45 kDa. The recombinant DrTI (reDrTI) was derived by treating the GST-DrTI fusion protein with thrombin. Both the reDrTI and GST-DrTI fusion protein exhibited a strong identical inhibitory effect on trypsin activity.     

Comparative Analysis and Molecular Characterization of a Gene BANF1 Encoded a DNA-Binding Protein During Mitosis from the Giant Panda and Black Bear

Barrier to autointegration factor 1 (BANF1) is a DNA-binding protein found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that functions to establish nuclear architecture during mitosis. The cDNA and the genomic sequence of BANF1 were cloned from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus mupinensis) using RT-PCR technology and Touchdown-PCR, respectively. The cDNA of the BANF1 cloned from Giant Panda and Black Bear is 297 bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 270 bp encoding 89 amino acids. The length of the genomic sequence from Giant Panda is 521 bp, from Black Bear is 536 bp, which were found both to possess 2 exons. Alignment analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence are highly conserved to some mammalian species studied. Topology prediction showed there is one Protein kinase C phosphorylation site, one Casein kinase II phosphorylation site, one Tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site, one N-myristoylation site, and one Amidation site in the BANF1 protein of the Giant Panda, and there is one Protein kinase C phosphorylation site, one Tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site, one N-myristoylation site, and one Amidation site in the BANF1 protein of the Black Bear. The BANF1 gene can be readily expressed in E. coli. Results showed that the protein BANF1 fusion with the N-terminally His-tagged form gave rise to the accumulation of an expected 14 kD polypeptide that formed inclusion bodies. The expression products obtained could be used to purify the proteins and study their function further.