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1.
V.F. Bondici J.R. Lawrence N.H. Khan J.E. Hill E. Yergeau G.M. Wolfaardt J. Warner D.R. Korber 《Journal of applied microbiology》2013,114(6):1671-1686
Aims
To describe the diversity and metabolic potential of microbial communities in uranium mine tailings characterized by high pH, high metal concentration and low permeability.Methods and Results
To assess microbial diversity and their potential to influence the geochemistry of uranium mine tailings using aerobic and anaerobic culture‐based methods, in conjunction with next generation sequencing and clone library sequencing targeting two universal bacterial markers (the 16S rRNA and cpn60 genes). Growth assays revealed that 69% of the 59 distinct culturable isolates evaluated were multiple‐metal resistant, with 15% exhibiting dual‐metal hypertolerance. There was a moderately positive correlation coefficient (R = 0·43, P < 0·05) between multiple‐metal resistance of the isolates and their enzyme expression profile. Of the isolates tested, 17 reduced amorphous iron, 22 reduced molybdate and seven oxidized arsenite. Based on next generation sequencing, tailings depth was shown to influence bacterial community composition, with the difference in the microbial diversity of the upper (0–20 m) and middle (20–40 m) tailings zones being highly significant (P < 0·01) from the lower zone (40–60 m) and the difference in diversity of the upper and middle tailings zone being significant (P < 0·05). Phylotypes closely related to well‐known sulfate‐reducing and iron‐reducing bacteria were identified with low abundance, yet relatively high diversity.Conclusions
The presence of a population of metabolically‐diverse, metal‐resistant micro‐organisms within the tailings environment, along with their demonstrated capacity for transforming metal elements, suggests that these organisms have the potential to influence the long‐term geochemistry of the tailings.Significance and Impact of the study
This study is the first investigation of the diversity and functional potential of micro‐organisms present in low permeability, high pH uranium mine tailings. 相似文献2.
B. Flores E. Ramírez A. Moncada N. Salinas R. Fischer C. Hernández B. Mora-Sánchez J. Sheleby-Elías W. Jirón J.L. Balcázar 《Letters in applied microbiology》2022,74(2):238-246
Shrimp farming has experienced rising costs as a result of disease outbreaks associated with Vibrio spp. Suitable strategies for disease prevention and control are therefore urgently needed. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Moringa oleifera seed powder against Vibrio cholerae in the rearing water of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) postlarvae. In vitro assays included the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of M. oleifera seed powder against V. cholerae, whereas in vivo assays included the effect of M. oleifera seed powder on bacterial load and water quality parameters in the rearing tanks, as well as its effect on shrimp postlarvae survival. M. oleifera seed powder inhibited the growth of V. cholerae with MIC values of 62·5 µg ml−1. Moreover, seawater pH of treated tanks (8·66) was significantly lower (P < 0·01) than pH of the control tanks (9·02), whereas the visibility of treated tanks (37·08 cm) was significantly higher (P < 0·01) as compared to control tanks (35·37 cm). Likewise, V. cholerae load was significantly reduced (P < 0·01) from 4·7 × 104 to 3·1 × 103 CFU per ml in tanks treated with M. oleifera seed powder. Altogether, this study demonstrates the antimicrobial activity of M. oleifera against V. cholerae in shrimp culture. 相似文献
3.
Combined effects of spray‐drying conditions and postdrying storage time and temperature on Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella typhimurium survival when inoculated in liquid porcine plasma
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E. Blázquez C. Rodríguez J. Ródenas N. Saborido M. Solà‐Ginés A. Pérez de Rozas J. M. Campbell J. Segalés J. Pujols J. Polo 《Letters in applied microbiology》2018,67(2):205-211
The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the spray‐drying process on the inactivation of Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella typhimurium spiked in liquid porcine plasma and to test the additive effect of immediate postdrying storage. Commercial spray‐dried porcine plasma was sterilized by irradiation and then reconstituted (1:9) with sterile water. Aliquots of reconstituted plasma were inoculated with either S. choleraesuis or S. typhimurium, subjected to spray‐drying at an inlet temperature of 200°C and an outlet temperature of either 71 or 80°C, and each spray‐drying temperature combinations were subjected to either 0, 30 or 60 s of residence time (RT) as a simulation of residence time typical of commercial dryers. Spray‐dried samples were stored at either 4·0 ± 3·0°C or 23·0 ± 0·3°C for 15 days. Bacterial counts of each Salmonella spp., were completed for all samples. For both Salmonella spp., spray‐drying at both outlet temperatures reduced bacterial counts about 3 logs at RT 0 s, while there was about a 5·5 log reduction at RT 60 s. Storage of all dried samples at either 4·0 ± 3·0°C or 23·0 ± 0·3°C for 15 days eliminate all detectable bacterial counts of both Salmonella spp.
Significance and Impact of the Study
Safety of raw materials from animal origin like spray‐dried porcine plasma (SDPP) may be a concern for the swine industry. Spray‐drying process and postdrying storage are good inactivation steps to reduce the bacterial load of Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella typhimurium. For both Salmonella spp., spray‐drying at 71°C or 80°C outlet temperatures reduced bacterial counts about 3 log at residence time (RT) 0 s, while there was about a 5.5 log reduction at RT 60 s. Storage of all dried samples at either 4.0 ± 3.0°C or 23.0 ± 0.3°C for 15 days was effective for eliminating detectable bacterial counts of both Salmonella spp. 相似文献4.
L.J. Pletinckx J. Dewulf Y. De Bleecker G. Rasschaert B.M. Goddeeris I. De Man 《Journal of applied microbiology》2013,114(6):1634-1641
Aims
To assess, in a cleaned and disinfected barn environment, the efficacy of an animal disinfection strategy to reduce the livestock‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA‐MRSA) prevalence in sows, their offspring and the barn environment.Methods and Results
On each farm, six sow rounds were sampled; sows were divided into either a test or control group. Per round, 20 sows and 40 of their piglets were sampled at different time points together with the barn environment. The disinfection strategy of the test groups consisted of washing the sows with a shampoo followed by disinfection of the skin with a solution containing chlorhexidine digluconate and isopropanol. On the first day of disinfection and 6 days after stopping the disinfection, a significant decrease (P < 0·01) of on average 68 and 66% in sow MRSA prevalence was observed on both farms, whereas no decrease was seen in the control groups. Just before weaning, 21–28 days after the end of the disinfection strategy, the difference in MRSA prevalence between both groups was reduced to 4% and no longer significant (P = 0·20). The MRSA prevalence of the piglets in the test groups was significantly lower (26%; P < 0·01) 6 days after the end of disinfection. Just before weaning, this difference was reduced to 5% but still significant (P < 0·01). In the swine nursery unit, no significant difference (P = 0·99) was seen between both groups. Based on semi‐quantitative counts, a relationship (r2 > 0·6; P < 0·01) was seen between MRSA contamination in the barn environment and the MRSA prevalence in pigs.Conclusion
Results show that the tested disinfection strategy reduces temporarily the sow and piglet MRSA status, but does not result in a final reduction in MRSA at weaning or in the nursery unit.Significance and Impact of the Study
First report on the efficacy of an animal disinfection strategy to reduce LA‐MRSA prevalence in sows, their offspring and the barn environment. 相似文献5.
R.M. Halpin D.B. Brady E.D. O’Riordan M. O’Sullivan 《Journal of applied microbiology》2010,108(2):406-415
Aims: Adhesion of a micro‐organism to a cell surface is often considered to be the first step in pathogenesis. Inhibiting this process may have therapeutic effects in vivo. This study investigates the inhibitory effects of various bovine whey products on the association of Salm. Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7 and C. malonaticus (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) to the human CaCo‐2 cell line. Invasion of CaCo‐2 cells by Salm. Typhimurium and C. malonaticus was also examined. Methods and Results: Infection assays were performed by incubating pathogenic acteria with CaCo‐2 cells in the presence of untreated (UT) or enzyme‐modified (EM) whey products. Associated micro‐organisms were directly quantified by plate counts. Invasion of CaCo‐2 cells by Salm. Typhimurium and C. malonaticus in the presence/absence of test materials was also quantified using gentamicin protection assays. At a concentration of 40 mg ml?1, some UT whey products reduced association and invasion, but this effect was enhanced following hydrolysis with porcine pancreatic lipase. Conclusions: Both UT and EM sweet whey protein concentrates (WPCs) were found to be particularly effective inhibitors of association and invasion. All EM whey products significantly (P < 0·05) inhibited invasion of C. malonaticus into epithelial cells, causing a 2‐log reduction in the quantity of these micro‐organisms internalized. Significance and Impact of the Study: The present study suggests that whey products can inhibit association to and invasion of CaCo‐2 cells by selected micro‐organisms and may be useful in the treatment and/or prevention of foodborne infections. 相似文献
6.
Microbiological analysis of conjunctival secretion in anophthalmic cavity,contralateral eye and ocular prosthesis of patients with maxillofacial abnormalities
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A.M. Guiotti E.V.F. da Silva I.A. Catanoze K.H.T. de Carvalho E.M. Malavazi M.C. Goiato D.M. dos Santos M.T.G. de Almeida 《Letters in applied microbiology》2018,66(2):104-109
The purpose of this study was to identify and analyse the micro‐organisms present in the conjunctival secretion in anophthalmic cavities of wearers of ocular prostheses, as well as on the prostheses used by them, correlating them with the microbiota of the contralateral eye. Nine patients with maxillofacial abnormalities, wearers of an acrylic resin ocular prosthesis participated in the study. Collections of conjunctival secretions and biofilm were performed on the prosthesis, anophthalmic cavity and contralateral eye for the mycological and bacterial analyses. The data were submitted to statistical analysis, performing a Kendall correlation test to identify the correlation between the collection site and the identified micro‐organism (P < 0·05). It was verified that the most prevalent micro‐organisms were the Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, independent of the collection site, and that negative cultures for fungi were encountered in 85·2% of collections, independent of the region. It was not possible to establish a correlation among the types of micro‐organisms and the collection sites.
Significance and Impact of the Study
Some evidence suggests that the surface roughness of ocular prostheses can influence interactions with micro‐organisms, with greater prejudicial consequences, such as the establishment of biofilms, which could lead to infections. Thus, it becomes extremely important to identify the micro‐organisms present on the acrylic surfaces of ocular prostheses, as well as the microbiota of the anophthalmic cavity and contralateral eye of wearers of the same, so that subsequent control measures promote the homeostatic maintenance of the ocular region. 相似文献7.
S.P. Nappier T.K. Graczyk L. Tamang K.J. Schwab 《Journal of applied microbiology》2010,108(2):736-744
Aims: To evaluate the bioaccumulation, retention and depuration rates of nine pathogens and surrogates when two oyster species were co‐localized in tanks of seawater. Methods and Results: Crassostrea ariakensis (n = 52) and Crassostrea virginica (n = 52) were exposed to five virus types, two protozoan and two microsporidian species for 24 h. Oysters were then placed in depuration tanks, and subsets were removed and analysed for micro‐organisms at weekly intervals. The odds of C. ariakensis oysters harbouring mouse norovirus‐1 (MNV‐1), human norovirus (NoV) or haepatitis A virus (HAV) were significantly greater than the odds of C. virginica oysters harbouring the same viruses (MNV‐1 OR = 5·05, P = 0·03; NoV OR = 6·97, P = 0·01; HAV OR = 7·40, P < 0·001). Additionally, compared to C. virginica, C. ariakensis retained significantly higher numbers of transmissive stages of all protozoan and microsporidian species (P < 0·01). Crassostrea ariakensis oysters are also capable of retaining multiple human pathogens for at least 1 month. Conclusions: Crassostrea ariakensis oysters were statistically more likely to harbour enteropathogens and microbial indicators, compared to C. virginica. Individual C. ariakensis were also statistically more likely to retain multiple viruses, protozoa and microsporidia than C. virginica, highlighting the role the species may play in the transmission of multiple diseases. Significance and Impact of the Study: Nonnative Crassostrea ariakensis oysters are under review for their introduction into the Chesapeake Bay. The results of this study suggest that nonnative C. ariakensis oysters may present a serious public health threat to people consuming the oysters raw from contaminated sites. 相似文献
8.
The aim of our studies was to test the effect and role of vitamin E and selenium supplements on yeast cell. In this study, the effects of selenium (Se), vitamin E (Vit. E), and their combination (Se plus Vit. E) on the composition of fatty acids and proteins were examined in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains WET136 and 522. S. cerevisiae cells were grown up in YEPD medium supplemented with Se, Vit. E or their combination. It was found that the level of stearic acid was increased in all supplemented groups (p<0·05; p<0·001). The content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids was decreased (p<0·05; p<0·01; p<0·001) in Vit. E and Vit. E plus Se supplemented S. cerevisiae. On the other hand, Se alone caused an increase (p<0·001) in the saturated fatty acids but a decrease (p<0·05; p<0·001) in the unsaturated fatty acids. Total proteins in S. cerevisiae were significantly increased (p<0·001) by Vit. E supplement. There was no significant change observed in S. cerevisiae supplemented with Se. These findings indicate that membrane composition of S. cerevisiae is affected by both Vit. E and Se supplements. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with reduced sensitivity to vancomycin (VAN) has caused many clinical cases of VAN treatment failure, but the molecular mechanism underlying the reduced sensitivity to VAN is still unclear. We isolated a heterogeneous VAN-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA), which was also a MRSA strain with reduced sensitivity to VAN. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the reduced sensitivity to VAN exhibited by the hVISA strain, we compared the hVISA strain with a VAN-sensitive MRSA strain, known as the N315 strain. The images captured by transmission electron microscopy showed that the cell wall of the hVISA strain was significantly thicker than that of the N315 strain (36·72 ± 1·04 nm vs 28·15 ± 1·25 nm, P < 0·05), and the results of real-time quantitative PCR analysis suggested that the expression levels of the cell wall thickness related genes (glmS, vraR/S, sgtB, murZ and PBP4) of the hVISA strain were significantly higher than those of the N315 strain (P < 0·05). In conclusion, this study indicated that the upregulation of the expression of the genes related to cell wall synthesis might be the molecular mechanism underlying the cell wall thickening of the hVISA strain and might be related to its resistance to VAN. 相似文献
10.
KKES YILMAZ SAIT ELK MUSTAFA NAZIROLU MEHMET AY NIHAT DLSZ 《Cell biochemistry and function》1997,15(1):1-7
The object was to determine the influence of dietary vitamin E, selenium and their combination on the fatty acid con-tent of erythrocytes, bone marrow and spleen lipids of Akkaraman lambs. After supplementation for 15 days, the amount of all fatty acids was slightly higher (p < 0·05) in the vitamin E as compared to the control group, whereas the amount of longer fatty acids was significantly higher (p < 0·01, p < 0·001) in the selenium and combination groups. On the thirtieth day, the amount of all fatty acids was slightly high (p < 0·5) in all the supplemented groups in comparison with the control group. In the bone marrow lipids, the amount of longer fatty acids was decreased (p < 0·05, p < 0·01, p < 0·001) in the vitamin E and combination groups as compared to the control. Although the amount of some fatty acids was high (p < 0·05, p < 0·01) in the selenium group compared to the control, linoleic (18:2), linolenic (18:3) and the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were lower (p < 0·05, p < 0·001). In the spleen lipids, the amount of longer fatty acids was slightly decreased (p < 0·05) in the vitamin E group as compared with the control; however the amount of longer fatty acids was significantly higher (p < 0·05, p < 0·01) in the selenium and combination groups in comparison to the control group. Thus dietary supplementation with selenium was more effective than dietary vitamin E supplementation in altering the fatty acid content of the erythrocyte, bone marrow and spleen lipids. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
Kapil Dev Nasir Akbar Mir Avishek Biswas Jyoti Kannoujia Jubeda Begum Rajiv Kant 《Letters in applied microbiology》2020,71(5):520-530
This study investigated the effects of dietary Bifidobacterium bifidum (BFD) and mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS), as a synbiotic, on the production performance, gut microbiology, serum biochemistry, antioxidant profile and health indices of broiler chicken. Six dietary treatments were T1 (negative control), T2 (positive control-20 mg antibiotic BMD kg−1 diet; BMD: bacitracin methylene disalicylate), T3 (0·1% MOS + 106 CFU BFD per g feed), T4 (0·1% MOS + 107 CFU BFD per g feed), T5 (0·2% MOS + 106 CFU BFD per g feed) and T6 (0·2% MOS + 107 CFU BFD per g feed). Significantly (P < 0·01) better growth performance and efficiency was observed in birds supplemented with 0·2% MOS along with 106 CFU BFD per g of feed compared to BMD and control birds. Supplementation with 0·2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD per g feed reduced (P < 0·01) the gut coliform, Escherichia coli, total plate count, and Clostridium perfringens count and increased the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium count. Significantly (P < 0·01) higher serum and liver antioxidant enzyme pool, serum HDL cholesterol and lower serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient and atherogenic index of plasma were observed in birds supplemented with 0·2% MOS along with 106 CFU BFD per g of feed compared to control or BMD supplemented birds. Better production performance, gut microbial composition, serum biochemistry, antioxidant profile and health indices were depicted by broiler chicken supplemented with 0·2% MOS and 106 CFU BFD per g of feed. 相似文献
12.
R. Randrianarivelo P. Danthu C. Benoit P. Ruez M. Raherimandimby S. Sarter 《Journal of applied microbiology》2010,109(2):642-650
Aims: The activity of two essential oils (EOs) of Cinnamosma fragrans, an endemic plant to Madagascar (B8: linalool‐type and B143: 1,8‐cineole‐type), against bacterial isolates from a shrimp hatchery of Penaeus monodon and their effects on the survival and bacterial concentration of larvae were determined. Methods and Results: Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using a broth dilution technique. The bacterial concentrations of both larvae and water tank were assessed on Marine agar and Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Sucrose agar. The assays took place in OSO Farming’s shrimp hatchery in Madagascar. EOs were directly added to the water tank. Regarding the survival, the assays in larval culture (four replicates each of B8, B143, E and control) showed that B8 oil had a similar effect (P > 0·05) as the antibiotic (Erythromycin) and was more active than B143 (P < 0·05). A negative correlation was observed between the bacterial concentration and the survival of larvae for all assays. Conclusion: Both C. fragrans essential oils, as antibiotic, exhibited significantly higher survival rates and lower bacterial concentrations of the larvae than the control (oil and antibiotic free). Significance and impacts of the study: The potential of C. fragrans essential oil to control the bacterial load in in vivo conditions, thereby enhancing survival rate of P. monodon larvae, makes it a relevant option for developing a novel alternative to antibiotics in shrimp hatchery culture. 相似文献
13.
L.I.I. Ouoba C. Kando C. Parkouda H. Sawadogo‐Lingani B. Diawara J.P. Sutherland 《Journal of applied microbiology》2012,113(6):1428-1441
Aim
To investigate physicochemical characteristics and especially genotypic diversity of the main culturable micro‐organisms involved in fermentation of sap from Borassus akeassii, a newly identified palm tree from West Africa.Methods and Results
Physicochemical characterization was performed using conventional methods. Identification of micro‐organisms included phenotyping and sequencing of: 26S rRNA gene for yeasts, 16S rRNA and gyrB genes for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB). Interspecies and intraspecies genotypic diversities of the micro‐organisms were screened respectively by amplification of the ITS1‐5.8S rDNA‐ITS2/16S‐23S rDNA ITS regions and repetitive sequence‐based PCR (rep‐PCR). The physicochemical characteristics of samples were: pH: 3·48–4·12, titratable acidity: 1·67–3·50 mg KOH g?1, acetic acid: 0·16–0·37%, alcohol content: 0·30–2·73%, sugars (degrees Brix): 2·70–8·50. Yeast included mainly Saccharomyces cerevisiae and species of the genera Arthroascus, Issatchenkia, Candida, Trichosporon, Hanseniaspora, Kodamaea, Schizosaccharomyces, Trigonopsis and Galactomyces. Lactobacillus plantarum was the predominant LAB species. Three other species of Lactobacillus were also identified as well as isolates of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Fructobacillus durionis and Streptococcus mitis. Acetic acid bacteria included nine species of the genus Acetobacter with Acetobacter indonesiensis as predominant species. In addition, isolates of Gluconobacter oxydans and Gluconacetobacter saccharivorans were also identified. Intraspecies diversity was observed for some species of micro‐organisms including four genotypes for Acet. indonesiensis, three for Candida tropicalis and Lactobacillus fermentum and two each for S. cerevisiae, Trichosporon asahii, Candida pararugosa and Acetobacter tropicalis.Conclusion
fermentation of palm sap from B. akeassii involved multi‐yeast‐LAB‐AAB cultures at genus, species and intraspecies level.Significance and Impact of the Study
First study describing microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of palm wine from B. akeassii. Genotypic diversity of palm wine LAB and AAB not reported before is demonstrated and this constitutes valuable information for better understanding of the fermentation which can be used to improve the product quality and develop added value by‐products. 相似文献14.
S. Shi B. Cheng B. Gu T. Sheng J. Tu Y. Shao K. Qi D. Zhou 《Letters in applied microbiology》2021,73(1):9-19
Escherichia coli is a symbiotic bacterium in humans and animals and an important pathogen of humans and animals. Prevention and suppression of E. coli infection is of great concern. In this study, we isolated a strain of Lactobacillus agilis 32 from pig manure and evaluated its biological characteristics, and found that its bacterial survival rate was 25% after 4 h of treatment at pH 2, and under the condition of 0·5% bile concentration, its survival rate exceeds 30%. In addition, L. agilis 32 has a cell surface hydrophobicity of 77·8%, and exhibits 67·1% auto-aggregation and 63·2% aggregation with Enterotoxigenic E. coli 10 (ETEC 10). FITC fluorescence labelling showed that the fluorescence intensity of cecum was significantly higher than that of duodenum, jejunum or colon (P < 0·05), but no significant difference from ileum. Lactobacillus agilis 32 bacterial culture and CFS showed average inhibition zone diameters of 14·2 and 15·4 mm respectively. Lactobacillus agilis 32 CFS treatment can significantly reduce the pathogenicity of ETEC 10. These results show that L. agilis 32 is an active and potential probiotic, and it has a good antibacterial effect on ETEC10, which provides basic research for probiotics to prevent and treat intestinal diarrhoea pathogen infection. 相似文献
15.
Carlo Contini John C. Rotondo Federica Magagnoli Martina Maritati Silva Seraceni Angela Graziano Alice Poggi Roberta Capucci Fortunato Vesce Mauro Tognon Fernanda Martini 《Journal of cellular physiology》2019,234(1):100-107
Miscarriage is one of the main complications occurring in pregnancy. The association between adverse pregnancy outcomes and silent bacterial infections has been poorly investigated. Ureaplasma parvum and urealiticum, Mycoplasma genitalium and hominis and Chlamydia trachomatis DNA sequences have been investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods in chorionic villi tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from females with spontaneous abortion (SA, n = 100) and females who underwent voluntary interruption of pregnancy (VI, n = 100). U. parvum DNA was detected in 14% and 15% of SA and VI, respectively, with a mean of bacterial DNA load of 1.3 × 10−1 copy/cell in SA and 2.8 × 10 −3 copy/cell in VI; U. urealiticum DNA was detected in 3% and 2% of SA and VI specimens, respectively, with a mean DNA load of 3.3 × 10−3 copy/cell in SA and 1.6 × 10−3 copy/cell in VI; M. hominis DNA was detected in 5% of SA specimens with a DNA load of 1.3 × 10−4 copy/cell and in 6% of VI specimens with a DNA load of 1.4 × 10−4 copy/cell; C. trachomatis DNA was detected in 3% of SA specimens with a DNA load of 1.5 × 10−4 copy/cell and in 4% of VI specimens with a mean DNA load of 1.4 × 10−4 copy/cell. In PBMCs from the SA and VI groups, Ureaplasma spp, Mycoplasma spp and C. trachomatis DNAs were detected with a prevalence of 1%–3%. Bacteria were investigated, for the first time, by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in chorionic villi tissues and PBMCs from women affected by SA and VI. These data may help to understand the role and our knowledge of the silent infections in SA. 相似文献
16.
K.L. Boorn Y.‐Y. Khor E. Sweetman F. Tan T.A. Heard K.A. Hammer 《Journal of applied microbiology》2010,108(5):1534-1543
Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the spectrum of antimicrobial activity of 11 samples of stingless bee honey compared to medicinal, table and artificial honeys. Methods and Results: Activity was assessed by agar diffusion, agar dilution, broth microdilution and time‐kill viability assays. By agar dilution, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges were 4% to >10% (w/v) for Gram‐positive bacteria, 6% to >16% (w/v) for Gram‐negative bacteria and 6% to >10% (w/v) for Candida spp. By broth microdilution, all organisms with the exception of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata were inhibited at ≤32% (w/v). Geometric MIC (w/v) means for stingless bee honeys ranged from 7·1% to 16·0% and were 11·7% for medicinal honey and 26·5% for table honey. Treatment of organisms with 20% (w/v) stingless bee honey for 60 min resulted in decreases of 1–3 log for Staphylococcus aureus, >3 log for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and <1 log for C. albicans. Similar treatment with each control honey resulted in decreases of <1 log for all organisms. Conclusions: Stingless bee honey has broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity although activity against Candida was limited. Stingless bee honey samples varied in activity and the basis for this remains to be determined. Significance and Impact of the Study: Stingless bee honey had similar activity to medicinal honey and may therefore have a role as a medicinal agent. 相似文献
17.
The equine leucocyte antigen (ELA) types and the clinical diagnosis for equine sarcoid and summer dermatitis were evaluated in 2026 horses representing five breeds. Data were analysed in unrelated animals and in family material. In the case of equine sarcoid, a strong association was observed between the ELA class II DW13 antigen and its effect on Swiss (cP < 0·001), French (cP < 0·0001) and Irish (cP < 0·01) Warmblood horses. The class I antigen A3 occurred more frequently in sarcoid-affected French horses (cP < 0·001). These results confirm our earlier findings (Gerber et al. 1988). Among Freiberger horses, which lack the ELA DW13 and A3 specificities, a breed-specific class I antigen, ABe108, displayed an increased frequency (cP < 0·05) in the affected group. Among Arabian horses, a tendency for increased frequency of the A1 antigen was observed in the affected animals, but the number of affected horses is too small for statistical significance. The Mendelian segregation in diseased half-siblings by ELA DW13 heterozygous stallions showed a strong association (P < 0·0001) between the inherited DW13 antigen and susceptibility to the sarcoid effect. In the case of summer dermatitis, previously published data (Marti et al. 1992) have been extended. The ELA types in four multiple-case families, founded by the same stallion, were analysed for an association with the effect of sarcoid. Eight out of nine ELA-typed affected offspring inherited the paternal haplotype A15, DW23 in contrast to nonaffected offspring where three out of 12 displayed these antigens (P < 0·005). Moreover, the ELA haplotypes of 11 out of 12 informative affected half-siblings sired by another stallion inherited the paternal haplotype A3, W12, DW23 (P < 0·05). Our findings demonstrate statistically significant associations between certain ELA antigens and two equine diseases. It is still unknown if the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules themselves or another linked gene(s) play a role in the pathogenesis of these conditions. 相似文献
18.
S.T. Chambers A. Withers K. Dawson T. Anderson J. Williman D. Murdoch A. Scott-Thomas S. Slow 《Letters in applied microbiology》2021,73(5):616-622
Legionella longbeachae has been frequently identified in composted plant material and can cause Legionnaires’ disease (LD). We wanted to determine how frequently L. longbeachae DNA was present on gardeners’ gloves, and how long L. longbeachae could persist on inoculated gloves and masks. Volunteers completed a survey of gardening practices and their gardening gloves were tested for L. longbeachae DNA by qPCR. The persistence of viable L. longbeachae was assessed by timed subcultures after inoculation of gardening gloves and masks. Gloves but not masks were used regularly. L. longbeachae was detected on 11 (14%; 95% CI 8–24%) gloves. Viable organisms were recovered from 25–50% of inoculated cotton, leather and PU coated gloves but not rubber gloves after 8 h incubation. There was a difference in dose-response curve slopes by glove material (P = 0·001) and time to 50% sterility (P = 0·036). There were differences in persistence of L. longbeachae between mask types from analysis of the slopes and 50% sterility on the decay curves (P = 0·042, P < 0·001 respectively). Gardening gloves and masks may act as a vector for transmission of L. longbeachae during gardening. Washing gardening gloves and prompt disposal of masks could reduce risk of LD. 相似文献
19.
One of the main impacts of urban sprawl in rapidly growing countries has been contamination of coastal environments by waterborne pathogens, posing a critical risk to ecosystem and human health. Microbial source tracking (MST) has been a robust tool to identify the origin of these pathogens globally. This study compared the occurrence of a human-associated Bacteroides marker (BT-α) with faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in an urban estuary (Golden Horn, Istanbul, Turkey). Faecal coliform (culture method), enterococci (both culture and qPCR method) concentrations and physicochemical variables were compared with the BT-α concentrations in monthly collected samples for a year (n = 108). Enterococci concentrations detected by culture and qPCR were positively correlated (r = 0·86, P < 0·01) suggesting that qPCR can be an alternative method for monitoring. BT-α marker was positive for 30% of the samples and positively correlated with enterococci (r = 0·61 and r = 0·64 for culture and qPCR methods respectively, P < 0·01). Rainfall had a moderate positive correlation with all faecal/MST indicators suggesting combined sewer overflows also severely impacted estuarine water quality. The high FIB and BT-α concentrations at upper estuary suggested that faecal pollution mainly originated from the peri-urban settlements around two creeks entering the estuary. 相似文献
20.
B. Speranza A. Bevilacqua M. Mastromatteo M. Sinigaglia M.R. Corbo 《Journal of applied microbiology》2010,109(2):667-678
Aims: The objective of the current study was to examine the interactions between Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in coculture studies on fish‐burgers packed in air and under different modified atmospheres (30 : 40 : 30 O2 : CO2 : N2, 5 : 95 O2 : CO2 and 50 : 50 O2 : CO2), throughout the storage at 8°C. Methods and Results: The lag‐exponential model was applied to describe the microbial growth. To give a quantitative measure of the occurring microbial interactions, two simple parameters were developed: the combined interaction index (CII) and the partial interaction index (PII). Under air, the interaction was significant (P < 0·05) only within the exponential growth phase (CII, 1·72), whereas under the modified atmospheres, the interactions were highly significant (P < 0·001) and occurred both in the exponential and in the stationary phase (CII ranged from 0·33 to 1·18). PII values for E. coli O157:H7 were lower than those calculated for Ps. putida. Conclusions: The interactions occurring into the system affected both E. coli O157:H7 and pseudomonads subpopulations. The packaging atmosphere resulted in a key element. Significance and Impact of the Study: The article provides some useful information on the interactions occurring between E. coli O157:H7 and Ps. putida on fish‐burgers. The proposed index describes successfully the competitive growth of both micro‐organisms, giving also a quantitative measure of a qualitative phenomenon. 相似文献