多裂骆驼蓬的生物碱对黄瓜种子萌发的影响

经多裂骆驼蓬中生物碱处理过的黄瓜种子吸水量、呼吸速率、α-淀粉酶活性、GA1_( 3)和ATP含量均下降,种子膜透性增大,丙二醛含量提高;子叶中异柠檬酸裂解酶和羟基丙酮酸还原酶活性以及超弱发光(UWL)值也受到明显抑制。其抑制或促进作用的程度均随着多裂骆驼蓬中生物碱浓度的提高而增强。     

NaCl胁迫对黄瓜根系边缘细胞发生的影响

以黄瓜为试材,研究了NaCl处理对植株生物量、根长、根系活力、根边缘细胞的数目和活性及黏胶层厚度的影响。结果表明,NaCl处理降低了植株生物量与根系长度,增加了黄瓜幼苗的根系活力。黄瓜边缘细胞的出现几乎与根同时发生,当根长达到25mm时,边缘细胞的数目与活性均达到最大值。NaCl处理对边缘细胞的数目与活性表现出一定的抑制作用。离体根尖的边缘细胞活性也随NaCl处理浓度与处理时间的增加而逐渐减小,但根边缘细胞黏胶层厚度却随NaCl处理浓度的增加而增加。总之,NaCl对黄瓜幼苗造成一定伤害,但根系边缘细胞可通过降解死亡与增加黏胶的分泌量在一定程度上减轻这种伤害程度。     

Immunolocalization of Arabinogalactan Proteins and Pectins in Floral Buds of Cucumber （Cucumis sativus L.） During Sex Determination

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and pectins were detected in the floral buds of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) during its sex determination using the following monoclonal antibodies: MAC 207(recognizes AGP epitopes); JIM 8 (recognizes a subset ofAGP epitopes); and JIM 5 and JIM 7 (epitopes of pectins esterified to various degrees). In the stem apex meristem (SAM) of the cucumber, epitopes of MAC 207, JIM 7, and JIM 5 were localized in the cells from second to third peripheral layers when the sex organ primodium began to differentiate; epitopes of MAC 207 and JIM 5 were also detected in the ragged edge cells. A very dense labeling signal with MAC 207 was observed in the carpel and pistil primodium. The AGP epitopes recognized by JIM 8 were localized in the anther of the male flower and the anther-like portion of the stagnant stamen of the female flower. This suggests that the AGPs and pectins in the SAM of the cucumber are closely associated with the differentiation of the SAM, from meristematic cells to floral primodium. The subset of AGPs recognized by JIM 8 may play an important role in stamen formation.     

Effect of benzoic acid hydroxyl- and methoxy-ring substituents on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) root membrane potential

Abstract

The allelopathic effect of some benzoic acid (BA) OH- and OCH₃-ring substituents was studied on cucumber root transmembrane potential difference (Vm). Most of the methoxy-BAs induced a rapid Vm depolarization, followed by a Vm hyperpolarization, with the only exception for p-anisic acid (pA). On the other hand, salicylic acid (SA) and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid (DHB) strongly depolarized Vm. A positive correlation was found between Vm hyperpolarization and lipophilicity of methoxylated BAs, whereas a positive correlation was found between lipophilicity and Vm depolarization of hydroxylated BAs. The influence of BAs on K⁺ was studied by means of specific blocking with Cs⁺ indicating a possible direct interaction of SA, gallic acid (GA), vanillic acid (VA) and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid (DMB). Interference of BAs with the Vm hyperpolarizing effect of root perfusion with the fungal toxin fusicoccin were also observed.     

离体培养黄瓜子叶诱导雌花的研究

采用添加Spd和IAA的MS培养基培养离体黄瓜子叶,研究了Spd和IAA对雌花诱导的协同作用,及昼夜温差、培养基中N素和pH值对雌花诱导的影响。结果表明,分别添加Spd、IAA时的雌花诱导率和单株雌花数偏低或为0,12 mg·L^-1 Spd与0.01mg·L^-1 IAA 配合时的诱导效果明显高于单独处理的,而对照组未见雌花,说明Spd和IAA对雌花诱导的协同作用显著。在0、2、6、10℃昼夜温差,60、70、80、90 mmol·L^-1的N素含量和pH 5.4、5.8、6.2、6.6的培养条件下,70 mmol·L^-1 N、6℃温差和pH 6.2时的雌花诱导效果较好,表明适当提高昼夜温差、培养基中N素和pH值有利于黄瓜子叶的雌花诱导。     

不同倍性黄瓜的形态和一些生理生化指标比较

由同一基因型产生的单倍体、二倍体和四倍体黄瓜的叶面积和花大小等形态性状、单位面积叶绿素含量和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)表达量等生理生化指标随染色体倍性的增加而增加,过氧化物酶(POD)活性则随倍性的增加而降低,剂量效应明显;其他形态指标和可溶性蛋白含量等与染色体倍性无明显相关性.     

Immunolocalization of Arabinogalactan Proteins and Pectins in Floral Buds of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) During Sex Determination

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and pectins were detected in the floral buds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) during its sex determination using the following monoclonal antibodies: MAC 207 (recognizes AGP epitopes); JIM 8 (recognizes a subset ofAGP epitopes); and JIM 5 and JIM 7 (epitopes of pectins esterified to various degrees). In the stem apex meristem (SAM) of the cucumber, epitopes of MAC 207, JIM 7, and JIM 5 were localized in the cells from second to third peripheral layers when the sex organ primodium began to differentiate; epitopes of MAC 207 and JIM 5 were also detected in the ragged edge cells. A very dense labeling signal with MAC 207 was observed in the carpel and pistil primodium. The AGP epitopes recognized by JIM 8 were localized in the anther of the male flower and the anther-like portion of the stagnant stamen of the female flower. This suggests that the AGPs and pectins in the SAM of the cucumber are closely associated with the differentiation of the SAM, from meristematic cells to floral primodium. The subset of AGPs recognized by JIM 8 may play an important role in stamen formation.     

Enhancement of the Tolerance to Oxidative Stress in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Seedlings by UV-B Irradiation: Possible Involvement of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidative Enzymes

Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings were irradiated or not irradiated with UV-B for several days in environment-controlled growth chambers. The first leaves irradiated with UV-B were retarded in growth but simultaneously acquired a remarkably high tolerance to oxidative stress, as induced by paraquat treatment, compared with the non-irradiated leaves. This enhanced tolerance was observed within 1d after the start of UV-B irradiation and was maintained during the 12 d period of UV-B treatment. The effects of UV-B on several antioxidative enzymes were examined, and activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase, but not of glutathione reductase, were found to be enhanced. However, activation of these enzymes occurred only from 6 d after the start of irradiation. In contrast, accumulation of phenolic compounds was observed within 1d after the start of UV-B irradiation. HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds showed the distinct enhancement of a substance, which may have antioxidative properties in cucumber seedlings irradiated with UV-B. On the basis of these results, we conclude that not only antioxidative enzymes but also other factors in cucumber seedlings irradiated with UV-B, such as phenolic compounds, may participate in the enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress. Received 10 June 2000/ Accepted in revised form 1 July 2000