共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
城市绿地生态系统是城市景观的重要组成部分,具有重要的生态与文化价值。鸟类是城市绿地生态系统的指示类群,研究人类活动对鸟类资源的影响能够为城市生态景观的建设与维护提供重要理论依据。本研究于2021年10月至2022年5月,采用样线法对武汉市不同干扰强度的城市绿地内林鸟群落进行调查。共记录到鸟类11目34科100种,其中国家二级重点保护鸟类9种,在物种组成上以雀形目为主(76种,占调查到总鸟种数的76%),在居留型上以留鸟为主(42种,42%),在区系上主要属于东洋界(45种,45%)。繁殖季鸟类物种数高于非繁殖季,主要是由于夏候鸟和旅鸟的增加导致。在不同干扰强度中,重度干扰斑块的平均鸟类个体数最多,轻度干扰斑块的鸟类物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数最高,而中度干扰斑块的鸟类个体数、物种丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数均为最低,且繁殖季和非繁殖季鸟类群落结构在不同人为干扰强度中的格局未发生变化。综上所述,武汉市城市绿地的鸟类多样性较为丰富,随着干扰强度增加,鸟类多样性出现非线性差异,揭示了人为干扰与自然干扰对生态影响的差异;在面积狭小、破碎化严重的斑块中,人为干扰可能有利于城市绿地鸟类多样性的维持。 相似文献
3.
为了了解城市化对鸟类营巢集团的影响,2007年3月至2007年8月,沿城市化梯度在杭州地区的城区、城乡结合区、农田区、农林交错区和自然林区等类型栖息地内设置3 000 m长、100 m宽的样线各18条,共计90条;并对其鸟类物种与群落营巢集团进行调查。调查共记录到繁殖鸟类96种,根据鸟类营巢位置可将其分为林冠枝干营巢集团、灌草丛营巢集团、林冠枝干/灌草丛营巢集团、自然洞穴营巢集团、人工建筑营巢集团、自然洞穴/人工建筑营巢集团地面营巢集团、水面营巢集团和寄生集团共9种。进一步分析显示,随城市化程度提高,鸟类营巢集团的数目呈整体下降趋势,而各集团的物种数也基本呈下降趋势。但是,不同的营巢集团对城市化的反应存在差异,导致其物种组成在群落中比例的明显变化。城市化程度的提高使树冠筑巢鸟、灌丛筑巢鸟、地面筑巢鸟及自然洞穴筑巢鸟在群落中所占的比例明显下降,其中地面筑巢鸟最为敏感,灌丛筑巢鸟次之。同时,自然洞穴/人工建筑集团的鸟类在群落中的比例却随着城市化程度的提高明显上升。各营巢集团之所以对城市化做出不同反应,是因为它们对筑巢地资源利用方式不同。此外,还发现植被盖度、人工设施面积、至市中心距离以及人为干扰等因素均可对鸟类营巢集团结构产生影响,但不同类型的营巢集团对上述因素的反应各异。 相似文献
4.
2011年12月—2012年11月,在上海世纪公园和滨江森林公园对鸟类群落和植物群落进行调查,通过对12个植被变量进行主成分分析,将两个公园分为8种不同的生境类型。结果表明:2个公园生境构成存在显著差异,滨江森林公园灌木层植物发达的生境(Habitat with developed shrub layer,S型)以及灌木层和地被层植物都发达的生境(Habitat with developed tree layer and shrub layer,T+S型)数量显著多于世纪公园,世纪公园地被层发达的生境(Habitat with developed ground cover layer,G型)以及乔木层和地被层植物都发达的生境(Habitat with developed tree layer and ground cover layer,T+G型)数量显著多于滨江森林公园。世纪公园不同生境中鸟种数差异显著,而滨江森林公园中差异不显著。2个公园有24种共有鸟种,对共有鸟种生境利用率的配对t检验结果表明,滨江森林公园鸟类生境利用率显著高于世纪公园。对2个公园共有生境类型中鸟种数进行分析,发现滨江森林公园鹟科(Muscicapidae)鸟类种数显著大于世纪公园。根据以上结果,上海城市公园不同生境类型对鸟类群落结构存在显著影响。因此,建议在规划和建设大型城市公园时,应构建植被分层结构复杂的生境,多样化种植各类乔木,林下多样化搭配灌木。在保留供游客休憩草坪区域的同时种植各类草本植物,以此提高鸟类生境利用率,增加城市公园的鸟类多样性。 相似文献
5.
6.
《四川动物》2015,(5)
采煤沉陷改变了地貌景观,使鸟类的生境发生变化,进而影响鸟类群落多样性。我们于2013年11月—2014年10月在安徽省淮南潘集的采煤沉陷区不同沉陷程度的4种生境开展鸟类调查,研究采煤沉陷导致的生境变化对鸟类群落结构的影响。共记录到鸟类13目29科79种,其中留鸟32种(40.5%),冬候鸟19种(24.1%),夏候鸟25种(31.6%),优势种为灰椋鸟Sturnus cineraceus、喜鹊Pica pica、麻雀Passer montanus和家燕Hirundo rustica。随着采煤沉陷程度的增加,物种数、个体数量、群落密度表现出轻度沉陷区<中度沉陷区<重度沉陷区的规律,多样性指数为轻度沉陷区<重度沉陷区<中度沉陷区,在地表沉陷过程中,鸟类群落结构具有不稳定性。各类生境中鸟类群落的物种组成变化明显,随着沉陷程度的增加,鸟类群落物种丰富度增加。 相似文献
7.
城市中的园林绿地呈现斑块状分布,其栖息地特征与岛屿栖息地相似。2008年11月至2009年10月,对上海市闵行区内的7块城市绿地进行调查,记录雀形目鸟类的分布情况,并运用Nestedness temperature calculator软件,检验其群落结构是否符合嵌套结构。运用Arc GIS软件分析该地区的卫星图片,收集7块样地的面积、绿地盖度、水源距离和人为干扰程度等数据,结合实地调查所得到的数据,分析这一嵌套结构的形成原因和影响因素。结果显示:上海市闵行区城市绿地中的雀形目鸟类分布是显著的嵌套结构,园林面积、绿地面积和水源情况都对其嵌套结构有显著影响。但是与真正岛屿上存在的群落分布嵌套结构不同,人为干扰程度对这一结构也有非常明显的影响。基于上述结果可以看出,影响上海市园林鸟类的群落嵌套结构的主要原因是栖息地的结构和人为干扰程度。因此,建议在规划和建设城市公园和绿地时,应该偏重于面积较大,植被盖度和丰富度高,结构合理的园林,并且尽量减少人为干扰。 相似文献
8.
世界范围急剧的城市化进程所带来的生态问题,尤其是城市化对鸟类的影响引起了生态学家越来越多的关注。关注点从最初的群落水平,逐渐向种群水平和个体水平深入。在群落水平上,现有的研究展示了城市化对鸟类群落组成、物种的丰富度、多度、生物量和多样性等多方面存在的不同程度的影响;而物种水平的研究探讨了城市化影响鸟类群落格局的内在原因:不同的鸟类物种对城市化具有不同的反应;而个体水平的研究,更是进一步从鸟类行为、生活史特征等方面揭示城市化压力和鸟类的适应对策。大量的证据说明,城市化所带来的土地使用的改变、人为干扰、热岛效应、食物资源改变、巢捕食、夜间灯光等,不同程度地对城市鸟类产生了影响。 相似文献
9.
昆明城市绿地结构对鸟类多样性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
史慧灵;白皓天;吴良早;吴兆录;傅伟;雷苑 《四川动物》2016,35(5):774-780
岛屿化的绿地格局对城市鸟类的群落结构及空间分布会产生重要影响。通过样线法和样方法调查昆明城区19块绿地内的鸟类种类和数量、乔木种类和数量,结合遥感影像和现场调查,使用ArcGIS分析绿地生境结构,研究了城市绿地与鸟类的关系。结果表明,鸟类种类和数量与绿地面积呈正相关、与绿地距市中心距离无相关性;绿地内水域、硬化地、建筑地面积与鸟类种类和数量呈一定的负相关;乔木种数和食源乔木种数与鸟类种类呈显著正相关;城市绿地结构对鸟类的影响还与鸟类的生态习性相关。因此可以通过优化生境结构、改变绿地面积及乔木组成来提高城市鸟类多样性。 相似文献
10.
持续而快速的城市化进程正在助长全球生物多样性的丧失,其中鸟类是城市生态系统的重要环节和城市生物多样性保护的重点目标,同时也是研究的热点内容。从城市环境变化压力下,鸟类群落组成与结构、空间分布和繁殖营巢方式的改变分析,重点介绍了支持城市地区鸟类多样性的植物环境因素与影响机制的最新研究成果。结果表明:1)城市中的植被和绿色空间为城市鸟类提供生存空间和食物资源,是城市鸟类最主要的栖息地。2)保留原生乡土植物和大型树木的地区能支持更丰富的鸟类物种。3)植被的结构和盖度对鸟类群落有显著影响。林冠覆盖率增加,复杂的垂直空间和多样的植物种类的组合产生各种不同类型的植物空间和栖息地类型,吸引不同的鸟类物种,相应地也会导致更丰富的鸟类群落。总之,保持和加强城市中植物环境良好和稳定是保护城市生物多样性的有效手段。据此,提出城市环境与鸟类群落关系研究的未来发展方向,指出了其在鸟类多样性保护和城市可持续发展等领域的应用前景。 相似文献
11.
中条山中段木本植物群落植物种多样性分析 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
采用样方法取样,依据重要值指标运用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)法,将山西中条山中段植被群系分成16个群丛。应用丰富度指数(R1、R2)、Simpson指数(λ),Shannon-Weiner指数(H′)和均匀度指数(E1、E5)研究了16个群丛的植物种多样性。结果表明:群系植物种多样性指数的大小受立地生境和人为活动的综合影响;森林群落的植物种多样性指数明显高于灌丛群落;群落植物种多样性在空间上的差异不仅决定于物种丰富度指数,更与各物种间的均匀度指数密切相关;进而影响不同层次的物种多样性对群落总体物种多样性的贡献。 相似文献
12.
通过TM影像解译,获取上海市1989、1997和2003年共3个时期的植被分布,构造植被变化轨迹,分析轨迹的空间格局;选择距离、人口和景观等3类共12个影响因子,使用Logistic回归进行成因分析.研究结果表明:①14年来,上海市的植被面积呈现持续下降趋势,浦东新区植被减少最多;3个时期均为植被的轨迹占总面积的一半以上,其次是3个时期均为非植被的轨迹占总面积的1/5.早期植被转化为非植被的轨迹主要在城区周围,而近期的转化的轨迹发生在距城区较远的地区;植被与非植被的交替变化轨迹,说明了植被并不是一味地被破坏,而是出现了可逆的变化过程.②Logistic回归分析发现,各因子对植被变化轨迹的影响强度大小依次是,离道路的距离>离行政中心的距离>离植被-非植被边界的距离>离商业中心的距离=1990年人口密度>离河流的距离>离高速公路的距离>土地利用多样性>2003年与1990年人口密度差=离上海市中心的距离.③回归模型的精度是满意的,其中二分类Logistic模型精度高于多分类Logistic模型.总体上,离道路的距离对植被变化影响最明显;变化轨迹表明在部分地区植被出现了植被-非植被反复变化的过程;植被分布不但具有空间依赖性,还具有较强的时间依赖性. 相似文献
13.
上海中心城区绿地土壤水库特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以上海中心城区典型公园和公共绿地土壤为研究对象,通过实地调查,分析上海中心城区绿地土壤水库库容、常数特征及影响因子.结果表明: 上海中心城区绿地土壤总库容偏低,但就整个中心城区绿地,土壤蓄积水量可观,达1.88×107 m3;土壤水分现存量较高,占总库容的75.7%,土壤剩余蓄水空间偏低;绿地土壤滞洪库容和有效库容分别占土壤总库容的31.6%和27.2%;而土壤死库容占总库容的44.5%.不同植被类型土壤水库存在差异:其中,乔木和灌木地土壤总库容、剩余蓄水空间均显著高于草地;灌木地土壤滞洪库容、有效库容均显著高于乔木地、草地;但各植被类型土壤水分现存量、死库容差异不显著.建议通过降低土壤压实、增加土壤有机质含量、改善土壤物理性质和优化绿地植物配置来提高城市绿地土壤水库库容. 相似文献
14.
G. Bacaro D. Rocchini I. Bonini M. Marignani S. Maccherini A. Chiarucci 《Plant biosystems》2013,147(3):630-642
Abstract Both local and regional predictors play a role in determining plant community structure and composition. Climate, soil features as well as different local history and management affect forest understorey and tree species composition, but to date their specific role is relatively unknown. Few studies have addressed the importance of these predictors, especially in the Mediterranean area, where environmental conditions and human impacts have generated heterogeneous forest communities. In this study, the relationships between environmental variables and species richness of different groups of vascular plants (vascular species, woody species and open habitat species) and bryophytes were investigated in Tuscan forests. A total of 37 environmental variables were used by generalised linear model fitting in order to find parsimonious sub-sets of environmental factors (predictors) that are able to explain species diversity patterns at the local scale. Moreover, the role of regional and local variable groups on species richness of the considered plant groups was estimated by using the variance partitioning approach. We found that local variables, such as forest management and structure, explained more variance than regional variables for total species richness, open habitat species richness and bryophyte species richness. On the other hand, regional variables (such as elevation) played a central role for woody species richness. 相似文献
15.
1. Urban ecosystems create suitable habitats for many plant and animal species, including pollinators. However, heterogenic habitats in city centres and suburban areas have various effects on pollinators due to variations in the composition of vegetation and in landscape management by humans. 2. This study compared the abundance and species richness of three main groups of pollinators – wild bees, butterflies, and hoverflies – in Poznań, western Poland, and in three different types of urban green areas – urban grasslands, urban parks, and green infrastructure in housing estates. 3. The total abundance of pollinators was higher in urban grasslands than in housing estates and urban parks. Species composition of pollinator communities differed between the three habitat types. 4. The study results showed that species richness and abundance of butterflies varied between habitat types, whereas no such differences were found in the case of wild bees and hoverflies. Cover of green area, vegetation structure, and plant height were important for the pollinator community; however, these variables had different effects depending on habitat type. 5. These findings revealed that not all urban green areas are equally valuable in terms of local biodiversity. High‐quality urban habitats such as urban grasslands are capable of supporting rich and abundant populations of pollinators. Therefore, it is important to protect high‐value urban green areas and simultaneously strive to improve intensively managed urban habitats through effective planning and new management practices. 相似文献
16.
用种面积曲线和群落系数面积曲线的方法对宜昌梅子垭地区一种主要植物群落类型的最小面积进行了研究。结果表明,对所研究的植被类型,样地布置为 10m ×10m 及20m ×20m 可满足不同研究精度的要求。群落系统面积曲线和种面积曲线一样,比较直观。虽然取样调查时工作量稍大,但运用群落系数面积曲线的方法可更多地包含种类组成及群落结构随面积而变化的信息,所确定的最小面积也能够真实地反映整个群落种类组成及结构的特征。 相似文献
17.
Linda C. Roth 《Journal of Biogeography》1999,26(4):739-759
Aim The dry forests of the tropics have received little scholarly attention relative to their significance and their rate of disappearance. This study aimed to characterize the structure and composition of two intermingled Antillean subtropical dry forest types and shed light upon their origins, development, and possible future conditions. Location Jaiquí Picado, Santiago Province, Dominican Republic (19° 26′ N, 70° 54′ W). Methods Biophysical data from quadrat sampling of vegetation, soils, and site characteristics were subjected to cluster analysis, means comparisons, discriminant analysis, and linear regression. Extensive interviews with local land users provided information on early forests as well as present and historical land use practices. Results Spatial patterning of the area's two main forest types relates closely to past land use but not to any observed differences in the physical characteristics of their sites. ‘Old-growth’ stands found on land never placed in cultivation resemble the forests encountered by late-nineteenth-century settlers of the area in their wealth of woody plant taxa and relative abundance of endemic and other native species. In the ‘scrub’ stands growing on land abandoned from grazing, fully 70% of stems belong to one native (Acacia macracantha Willd.) and two exotic (Haematoxylon campechianum L. and Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.) woody legumes that contribute to the markedly greater representation of deciduous and thorn-bearing individuals in this type. The two forest types do not differ significantly in average bole dimensions, but the canopies of scrub stands are concentrated in a narrower layer, their understories are more open, and they contain more multiple stems of apparent sprout origin. A chronosequence of scrub stands covering a range in age of three decades indicates a moderate increment in species diversity over time and gradual disappearance of some of the more abundant invasive shrubs; but such stands continue to be dominated throughout this period by the same three scrub trees, while most species characteristic of old-growth forests, including many of the least abundant, fail to appear among the regeneration in their understories. Main conclusions Antillean forests classified as thorn scrub may include a form of ‘disclimax’ created through past land use activities in areas once bearing more diverse tropical dry forest. Whether they will ever develop into stands similar to the previous forests is uncertain, given the present state of fragmentation and other processes taking place within these ecosystems. 相似文献
18.
Hussein M. Sulieman 《African Journal of Ecology》2014,52(2):217-227
The present study seeks to provide a contribution to the understanding of vegetation regrowth on abandoned agricultural land by investigating the impacts of the previous cultivation period and the duration of the fallow on the subsequent natural regeneration in terms of vegetation composition, structure and diversity. The results of the study show that both factors have significant effects on the subsequent regeneration of plant species and thus the vegetation development in the southern Gadarif Region, Sudan. The oldest abandoned farmlands were recolonized by tree/shrub species, whereas recently abandoned ones are covered with herbaceous vegetation. There is a general tendency regarding the number of species to decrease with an increase in the period of cultivation. The plant species diversity pattern shows domination of herbaceous species with some scattered woody species. Vegetation changes due to land abandonment may have implications for the conservation of plant species diversity and composition of fauna harboured in the region. Although natural regeneration could be recommended as means of restoring natural vegetation that previously dominated that region, the current regeneration capacity might not be sufficient to reach the climax vegetation except for some pockets, which received more regenerative resources. 相似文献
19.
根据群落物种数目估计的结果,并利用10条种-面积曲线对东灵山地区几个类型植物群落的临界抽样面积进行了研究,并与其它几个群落最小面积的确定方法进行了比较。结果发现用各种方法确定的临界抽样面积是不同的,并且各种方法受种-面积曲线不同形式影响的程度也不同,但方法1受的影响最小,其意义比较直观、明确,由它得到的结果也比较可靠。对5个群落来说,要抽到这5个群落的乔、灌、草及整个群落60%的种所需的临界抽样面积分别为325~525m2(13~21个5m×5m的样方)、100~500m2(4~20个样方)、175~275m2(7~11个样方)和225~350m2(9~14个样方)。 相似文献