共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Guang Li Jiawei Zhang Jiqin Li Zhongnan Yang Hai Huang Lin Xu 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2012,72(2):261-270
During their life cycle, flowering plants must experience a transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. Here, we report that double mutations in the Arabidopsis thaliana IMITATION SWITCH (AtISWI) genes, CHROMATIN REMODELING11 (CHR11) and CHR17, and the plant‐specific DDT‐domain containing genes, RINGLET1 (RLT1) and RLT2, resulted in plants with similar developmental defects, including the dramatically accelerated vegetative‐to‐reproductive transition. We demonstrated that AtISWI physically interacts with RLTs in preventing plants from activating the vegetative‐to‐reproductive transition early by regulating several key genes that contribute to flower timing. In particular, AtISWI and RLTs repress FT, SEP1, SEP3, FUL, and SOC1, but promote FLC in the leaf. Furthermore, AtISWI and RLTs may directly repress FT and SEP3 through associating with the FT and SEP3 loci. Our study reveals that AtISWI and RLTs represent a previously unrecognized genetic pathway that is required for the maintenance of the plant vegetative phase. 相似文献
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Jiaqiang Dong Zheng Gao Shujing Liu Guang Li Zhongnan Yang Hai Huang Lin Xu 《植物学报(英文版)》2013,55(10):928-937
The Imitation Switch (ISWI) type adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodeling factors are conserved proteins in eukaryotes, and some of them are known to form stable remodeling complexes... 相似文献
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Kateina Adamusov Solmaz Khosravi Satoru Fujimoto Andreas Houben Sachihiro Matsunaga Jií Fajkus Miloslava Fojtov 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2020,102(4):678-687
Telomeres, nucleoprotein structures at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes, are crucial for the maintenance of genome integrity. In most plants, telomeres consist of conserved tandem repeat units comprising the TTTAGGG motif. Recently, non‐canonical telomeres were described in several plants and plant taxons, including the carnivorous plant Genlisea hispidula (TTCAGG/TTTCAGG), the genus Cestrum (Solanaceae; TTTTTTAGGG), and plants from the Asparagales order with either a vertebrate‐type telomere repeat TTAGGG or Allium genus‐specific CTCGGTTATGGG repeat. We analyzed epigenetic modifications of telomeric histones in plants with canonical and non‐canonical telomeres, and further in telomeric chromatin captured from leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana transiently transformed by telomere CRISPR‐dCas9‐eGFP, and of Arabidopsis thaliana stably transformed with TALE_telo C‐3×GFP. Two combinatorial patterns of telomeric histone modifications were identified: (i) an Arabidopsis‐like pattern (A. thaliana, G. hispidula, Genlisea nigrocaulis, Allium cepa, Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Petunia hybrida, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum lycopersicum) with telomeric histones decorated predominantly by H3K9me2; (ii) a tobacco‐like pattern (Nicotiana tabacum, N. benthamiana, C. elegans) with a strong H3K27me3 signal. Our data suggest that epigenetic modifications of plant telomere‐associated histones are related neither to the sequence of the telomere motif nor to the lengths of the telomeres. Nor the phylogenetic position of the species plays the role; representatives of the Solanaceae family are included in both groups. As both patterns of histone marks are compatible with fully functional telomeres in respective plants, we conclude that the described specific differences in histone marks are not critical for telomere functions. 相似文献
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PYK10 myrosinase reveals a functional coordination between endoplasmic reticulum bodies and glucosinolates in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Ryohei T. Nakano Mariola Piślewska‐Bednarek Kenji Yamada Patrick P. Edger Mado Miyahara Maki Kondo Christoph Böttcher Masashi Mori Mikio Nishimura Paul Schulze‐Lefert Ikuko Hara‐Nishimura Paweł Bednarek 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2017,89(2):204-220
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Pin‐Yao Huang Yu‐Hung Yeh An‐Chi Liu Chiu‐Ping Cheng Laurent Zimmerli 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2014,79(2):243-255
Pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) is broad spectrum and manipulation of PTI is believed to represent an attractive way to engineer plants with broad‐spectrum disease resistance. PTI is activated upon perception of microbe‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by pattern‐recognition receptors (PRRs). We have recently demonstrated that the L‐type lectin receptor kinase‐VI.2 (LecRK‐VI.2) positively regulates Arabidopsis thaliana PTI. Here we show through in vitro pull‐down, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co‐immunoprecipitation analyses that LecRK‐VI.2 associates with the PRR FLS2. We also demonstrated that LecRK‐VI.2 from the cruciferous plant Arabidopsis remains functional after interfamily transfer to the Solanaceous plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Wild tobacco plants ectopically expressing LecRK‐VI.2 were indeed more resistant to virulent hemi‐biotrophic and necrotrophic bacteria, but not to the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea suggesting that, as with Arabidopsis, the LecRK‐VI.2 protective effect in N. benthamiana is bacteria specific. Ectopic expression of LecRK‐VI.2 in N. benthamiana primed PTI‐mediated reactive oxygen species production, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, callose deposition and gene expression upon treatment with the MAMP flagellin. Our findings identified LecRK‐VI.2 as a member of the FLS2 receptor complex and suggest that heterologous expression of components of PRR complexes can be used as tools to engineer plant disease resistance to bacteria. 相似文献
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Nitrate induction of root hair density is mediated by TGA1/TGA4 and CPC transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Javier Canales Orlando Contreras‐López José M. Álvarez Rodrigo A. Gutiérrez 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2017,92(2):305-316
Root hairs are specialized cells that are important for nutrient uptake. It is well established that nutrients such as phosphate have a great influence on root hair development in many plant species. Here we investigated the role of nitrate on root hair development at a physiological and molecular level. We showed that nitrate increases root hair density in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that two different root hair defective mutants have significantly less nitrate than wild‐type plants, suggesting that in A. thaliana root hairs have an important role in the capacity to acquire nitrate. Nitrate reductase‐null mutants exhibited nitrate‐dependent root hair phenotypes comparable with wild‐type plants, indicating that nitrate is the signal that leads to increased formation of root hairs. We examined the role of two key regulators of root hair cell fate, CPC and WER, in response to nitrate treatments. Phenotypic analyses of these mutants showed that CPC is essential for nitrate‐induced responses of root hair development. Moreover, we showed that NRT1.1 and TGA1/TGA4 are required for pathways that induce root hair development by suppression of longitudinal elongation of trichoblast cells in response to nitrate treatments. Our results prompted a model where nitrate signaling via TGA1/TGA4 directly regulates the CPC root hair cell fate specification gene to increase formation of root hairs in A. thaliana. 相似文献
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Ya‐Long Guo 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2013,73(6):941-951
Gene family size variation is an important mechanism that shapes the natural variation for adaptation in various species. Despite its importance, the pattern of gene family size variation in green plants is still not well understood. In particular, the evolutionary pattern of genes and gene families remains unknown in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in the context of green plants. In this study, eight representative genomes of green plants are sampled to study gene family evolution and characterize the origination of A. thaliana genes, respectively. Four important insights gained are that: (i) the rate of gene gains and losses is about 0.001359 per gene every million years, similar to the rate in yeast, Drosophila, and mammals; (ii) some gene families evolved rapidly with extreme expansions or contractions, and 2745 gene families present in all the eight species represent the ‘core’ proteome of green plants; (iii) 70% of A. thaliana genes could be traced back to 450 million years ago; and (iv) intriguingly, A. thaliana genes with early origination are under stronger purifying selection and more conserved. In summary, the present study provides genome‐wide insights into evolutionary history and mechanisms of genes and gene families in green plants and especially in A. thaliana. 相似文献
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Ethylene production in Botrytis cinerea‐ and oligogalacturonide‐induced immunity requires calcium‐dependent protein kinases
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Matteo Gravino Daniel Valentin Savatin Alberto Macone Giulia De Lorenzo 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2015,84(6):1073-1086
Plant immunity against pathogens is achieved through rapid activation of defense responses that occur upon sensing of microbe‐ or damage‐associated molecular patterns, respectively referred to as MAMPs and DAMPs. Oligogalacturonides (OGs), linear fragments derived from homogalacturonan hydrolysis by pathogen‐secreted cell wall‐degrading enzymes, and flg22, a 22‐amino acid peptide derived from the bacterial flagellin, represent prototypical DAMPs and MAMPs, respectively. Both types of molecules induce protection against infections. In plants, like in animals, calcium is a second messenger that mediates responses to biotic stresses by activating calcium‐binding proteins. Here we show that simultaneous loss of calcium‐dependent protein kinases CPK5, CPK6 and CPK11 affects Arabidopsis thaliana basal as well as elicitor‐ induced resistance to the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea, by affecting pathogen‐induced ethylene production and accumulation of the ethylene biosynthetic enzymes 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase 2 (ACS2) and 6 (ACS6). Moreover, ethylene signaling contributes to OG‐triggered immunity activation, and lack of CPK5, CPK6 and CPK11 affects the duration of OG‐ and flg22‐induced gene expression, indicating that these kinases are shared elements of both DAMP and MAMP signaling pathways. 相似文献
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The knock‐down of the expression of MdMLO19 reduces susceptibility to powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) in apple (Malus domestica)
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Stefano Pessina Dario Angeli Stefan Martens Richard G.F. Visser Yuling Bai Francesco Salamini Riccardo Velasco Henk J. Schouten Mickael Malnoy 《Plant biotechnology journal》2016,14(10):2033-2044
Varieties resistant to powdery mildew (PM; caused by Podosphaera leucotricha) are a major component of sustainable apple production. Resistance can be achieved by knocking‐out susceptibility S‐genes to be singled out among members of the MLO (Mildew Locus O) gene family. Candidates are MLO S‐genes of phylogenetic clade V up‐regulated upon PM inoculation, such as MdMLO11 and 19 (clade V) and MdMLO18 (clade VII). We report the knock‐down through RNA interference of MdMLO11 and 19, as well as the complementation of resistance with MdMLO18 in the Arabidopsis thaliana triple mlo mutant Atmlo2/6/12. The knock‐down of MdMLO19 reduced PM disease severity by 75%, whereas the knock‐down of MdMLO11, alone or in combination with MdMLO19, did not result in any reduction or additional reduction of susceptibility compared with MdMLO19 alone. The test in A. thaliana excluded a role for MdMLO18 in PM susceptibility. Cell wall appositions (papillae) were present in both PM‐resistant and PM‐susceptible plants, but were larger in resistant lines. No obvious negative phenotype was observed in plants with mlo genes knocked down. Apparently, MdMLO19 plays the pivotal role in apple PM susceptibility and its knock‐down induces a very significant level of resistance. 相似文献
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Absence of SUN1 and SUN2 proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana leads to a delay in meiotic progression and defects in synapsis and recombination
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Javier Varas Katja Graumann Kim Osman Mónica Pradillo David E. Evans Juan L. Santos Susan J. Armstrong 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2015,81(2):329-346
The movement of chromosomes during meiosis involves location of their telomeres at the inner surface of the nuclear envelope. Sad1/UNC‐84 (SUN) domain proteins are inner nuclear envelope proteins that are part of complexes linking cytoskeletal elements with the nucleoskeleton, connecting telomeres to the force‐generating mechanism in the cytoplasm. These proteins play a conserved role in chromosome dynamics in eukaryotes. Homologues of SUN domain proteins have been identified in several plant species. In Arabidopsis thaliana, two proteins that interact with each other, named AtSUN1 and AtSUN2, have been identified. Immunolocalization using antibodies against AtSUN1 and AtSUN2 proteins revealed that they were associated with the nuclear envelope during meiotic prophase I. Analysis of the double mutant Atsun1‐1 Atsun2‐2 has revealed severe meiotic defects, namely a delay in the progression of meiosis, absence of full synapsis, the presence of unresolved interlock‐like structures, and a reduction in the mean cell chiasma frequency. We propose that in Arabidopsis thaliana, overlapping functions of SUN1 and SUN2 ensure normal meiotic recombination and synapsis. 相似文献
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MtVRN2 is a Polycomb VRN2‐like gene which represses the transition to flowering in the model legume Medicago truncatula
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Mauren Jaudal Lulu Zhang Chong Che Daniel G. Hurley Geoffrey Thomson Jiangqi Wen Kirankumar S. Mysore Joanna Putterill 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2016,86(2):145-160
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Acylated monogalactosyl diacylglycerol: prevalence in the plant kingdom and identification of an enzyme catalyzing galactolipid head group acylation in Arabidopsis thaliana
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Anders K. Nilsson Oskar N. Johansson Per Fahlberg Murali Kommuri Mats Töpel Lovisa J. Bodin Per Sikora Masoomeh Modarres Sophia Ekengren Chi T. Nguyen Edward E. Farmer Olof Olsson Mats Ellerström Mats X. Andersson 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2015,84(6):1152-1166
The lipid phase of the thylakoid membrane is mainly composed of the galactolipids mono‐ and digalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG and DGDG, respectively). It has been known since the late 1960s that MGDG can be acylated with a third fatty acid to the galactose head group (acyl‐MGDG) in plant leaf homogenates. In certain brassicaceous plants like Arabidopsis thaliana, the acyl‐MGDG frequently incorporates oxidized fatty acids in the form of the jasmonic acid precursor 12‐oxo‐phytodienoic acid (OPDA). In the present study we further investigated the distribution of acylated and OPDA‐containing galactolipids in the plant kingdom. While acyl‐MGDG was found to be ubiquitous in green tissue of plants ranging from non‐vascular plants to angiosperms, OPDA‐containing galactolipids were only present in plants from a few genera. A candidate protein responsible for the acyl transfer was identified in Avena sativa (oat) leaf tissue using biochemical fractionation and proteomics. Knockout of the orthologous gene in A. thaliana resulted in an almost total elimination of the ability to form both non‐oxidized and OPDA‐containing acyl‐MGDG. In addition, heterologous expression of the A. thaliana gene in E. coli demonstrated that the protein catalyzed acylation of MGDG. We thus demonstrate that a phylogenetically conserved enzyme is responsible for the accumulation of acyl‐MGDG in A. thaliana. The activity of this enzyme in vivo is strongly enhanced by freezing damage and the hypersensitive response. 相似文献
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I. Finiti M. O. Leyva J. López‐Cruz B. Calderan Rodrigues B. Vicedo C. Angulo A. B. Bennett M. Grant P. García‐Agustín C. González‐Bosch 《Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)》2013,15(5):819-831
Plant cell wall modification is a critical component in stress responses. Endo‐1,4‐β‐glucanases (EGs) take part in cell wall editing processes, e.g. elongation, ripening and abscission. Here we studied the infection response of Solanum lycopersicum and Arabidopsis thaliana with impaired EGs. Transgenic TomCel1 and TomCel2 tomato antisense plants challenged with Pseudomonas syringae showed higher susceptibility, callose priming and increased jasmonic acid pathway marker gene expression. These two EGs could be resistance factors and may act as negative regulators of callose deposition, probably by interfering with the defence‐signalling network. A study of a set of Arabidopsis EG T‐DNA insertion mutants challenged with P. syringae and Botrytis cinerea revealed that the lack of other EGs interferes with infection phenotype, callose deposition, expression of signalling pathway marker genes and hormonal balance. We conclude that a lack of EGs could alter plant response to pathogens by modifying the properties of the cell wall and/or interfering with signalling pathways, contributing to generate the appropriate signalling outcomes. Analysis of microarray data demonstrates that EGs are differentially expressed upon many different plant–pathogen challenges, hormone treatments and many abiotic stresses. We found some Arabidopsis EG mutants with increased tolerance to osmotic and salt stress. Our results show that impairing EGs can alter plant–pathogen interactions and may contribute to appropriate signalling outcomes in many different biotic and abiotic plant stress responses. 相似文献
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James P. B. Lloyd Brendan Davies 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2013,76(5):800-810
Nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a eukaryotic process that targets selected mRNAs for destruction, for both quality control and gene regulatory purposes. SMG1, the core kinase of the NMD machinery in animals, phosphorylates the highly conserved UPF1 effector protein to activate NMD. However, SMG1 is missing from the genomes of fungi and the model flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana, leading to the conclusion that SMG1 is animal‐specific and questioning the mechanistic conservation of the pathway. Here we show that SMG1 is not animal‐specific, by identifying SMG1 in a range of eukaryotes, including all examined green plants with the exception of A. thaliana. Knockout of SMG1 by homologous recombination in the basal land plant Physcomitrella patens reveals that SMG1 has a conserved role in the NMD pathway across kingdoms. SMG1 has been lost at various points during the evolution of eukaryotes from multiple lineages, including an early loss in the fungal lineage and a very recent observable gene loss in A. thaliana. These findings suggest that the SMG1 kinase functioned in the NMD pathway of the last common eukaryotic ancestor. 相似文献
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Mingsheng Qi Wenguang Zheng Xuefeng Zhao Jessica D. Hohenstein Yuba Kandel Seth O'Conner Yifan Wang Chuanlong Du Dan Nettleton Gustavo C. MacIntosh Gregory L. Tylka Eve S. Wurtele Steven A. Whitham Ling Li 《Plant biotechnology journal》2019,17(1):252-263
Enhancing the nutritional quality and disease resistance of crops without sacrificing productivity is a key issue for developing varieties that are valuable to farmers and for simultaneously improving food security and sustainability. Expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana species‐specific AtQQS (Qua‐Quine Starch) orphan gene or its interactor, NF‐YC4 (Nuclear Factor Y, subunit C4), has been shown to increase levels of leaf/seed protein without affecting the growth and yield of agronomic species. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of AtQQS and NF‐YC4 in Arabidopsis and soybean enhances resistance/reduces susceptibility to viruses, bacteria, fungi, aphids and soybean cyst nematodes. A series of Arabidopsis mutants in starch metabolism were used to explore the relationships between QQS expression, carbon and nitrogen partitioning, and defense. The enhanced basal defenses mediated by QQS were independent of changes in protein/carbohydrate composition of the plants. We demonstrate that either AtQQS or NF‐YC4 overexpression in Arabidopsis and in soybean reduces susceptibility of these plants to pathogens/pests. Transgenic soybean lines overexpressing NF‐YC4 produce seeds with increased protein while maintaining healthy growth. Pull‐down studies reveal that QQS interacts with human NF‐YC, as well as with Arabidopsis NF‐YC4, and indicate two QQS binding sites near the NF‐YC‐histone‐binding domain. A new model for QQS interaction with NF‐YC is speculated. Our findings illustrate the potential of QQS and NF‐YC4 to increase protein and improve defensive traits in crops, overcoming the normal growth‐defense trade‐offs. 相似文献
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Charlotte Trontin Seifollah Kiani Jason A. Corwin Kian Hématy Jennifer Yansouni Dan J. Kliebenstein Olivier Loudet 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2014,78(1):121-133
Growth is a complex trait that adapts to the prevailing conditions by integrating many internal and external signals. Understanding the molecular origin of this variation remains a challenging issue. In this study, natural variation of shoot growth under mannitol‐induced stress was analyzed by standard quantitative trait locus mapping methods in a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between the Col‐0 and Cvi‐0 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Cloning of a major QTL specific to mannitol‐induced stress condition led to identification of EGM1 and EGM2, a pair of tandem‐duplicated genes encoding receptor‐like kinases that are potentially involved in signaling of mannitol‐associated stress responses. Using various genetic approaches, we identified two non‐synonymous mutations in the EGM2[Cvi] allele that are shared by at least ten accessions from various origins and are probably responsible for a specific tolerance to mannitol. We have shown that the enhanced shoot growth phenotype contributed by the Cvi allele is not linked to generic osmotic properties but instead to a specific chemical property of mannitol itself. This result raises the question of the function of such a gene in A. thaliana, a species that does not synthesize mannitol. Our findings suggest that the receptor‐like kinases encoded by EGM genes may be activated by mannitol produced by pathogens such as fungi, and may contribute to plant defense responses whenever mannitol is present. 相似文献