体外法探究不同氨基酸形式酪蛋白水解物对猪小肠微生物的影响

【目的】通过体外法探究猪小肠不同肠段肠腔微生物和肠壁微生物对两种不同氨基酸形式的酪蛋白水解物的发酵特性。【方法】以生长猪的十二指肠、空肠、回肠肠腔食糜或者肠壁微生物为接种物,分别以酸水解酪蛋白(以游离氨基酸为主)和酶水解酪蛋白(以小肽为主)为底物,37°C厌氧培养发酵,于0、3、6、12 h采样,测定微生物蛋白(MCP)以及用real time-PCR进行菌群分析。【结果】(1)肠腔微生物发酵不同酪蛋白水解物:十二指肠和回肠酶水解酪蛋白组MCP的含量显著高于酸水解酪蛋白组(P0.05)。十二指肠酶水解酪蛋白组总菌、Firmicutes数量显著高于酸水解酪蛋白组(P0.05)。回肠发酵6 h后,酶水解酪蛋白组Escherichia coli和Firmicutes的数量显著高于酸水解酪蛋白组(P0.05);发酵12 h后,酶水解酪蛋白组总菌、Lactobacillus、E.coli的数量均显著高于酸水解酪蛋白组(P0.05)。(2)肠壁微生物发酵不同酪蛋白水解物:发酵12 h后,十二指肠和回肠酶水解酪蛋白组MCP含量显著高于酸水解酪蛋白组(P0.05)。十二指肠酶水解酪蛋白组Lactobacillus、Firmicutes数量分别极显著、显著高于酸水解酪蛋白组;回肠Firmicutes数量在酶水解酪蛋白组显著高于酸水解酪蛋白组(P0.05)。【结论】十二指肠和回肠的肠腔和肠壁微生物都能够利用小肽,且在一定程度上对小肽的利用更具优势。     

猪不同肠段微生物体外培养对蛋氨酸的代谢特性

【目的】旨在通过微生物体外发酵技术,以回肠微生物为参照,研究猪盲肠及结肠微生物对在小肠微生物中代谢率较低的蛋氨酸的代谢特性。【方法】采集4头健康100 kg左右杜×长×大杂交猪的盲肠、结肠与回肠食糜作为接种物,分别接种于10 mmol/L蛋氨酸的培养基中,37°C体外培养24 h。分别设含蛋基酸溶液和含各肠段食糜接种物的空白对照组。【结果】(1)不同肠段微生物以蛋氨酸为底物体外发酵,盲肠组蛋氨酸消失率(21.9%)显著高于结肠组(16.7%)与回肠组(16.3%)(P0.05)。盲肠组总SCFA量显著高于结肠与回肠组(P0.05),伴随着p H值下降程度最高;盲肠组MCP产量也显著高于结肠与回肠组(P0.05);在产气量与NH3-N浓度上,盲肠组与结肠组均显著低于回肠组(P0.05)。(2)以蛋氨酸为底物体外发酵,门水平上,总菌、厚壁菌门含量在各肠段组间无显著差异(P0.05),拟杆菌门含量在盲肠组最高;与不加蛋氨酸底物的对照组比较,三个肠段试验组总菌、厚壁菌门含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而拟杆菌门含量在试验组与对照组间差异不显著(P0.05)。属水平上,盲肠组和结肠组大肠杆菌属数量显著低于回肠组(P0.05),而柔嫩梭菌属和梭菌XIV属数量在盲肠组和结肠组均高于回肠组;各肠段组间双歧杆菌数量无显著差异(P0.05)。【结论】以蛋氨酸为底物,体外培养猪盲肠微生物对蛋氨酸代谢率高于回肠微生物,伴随着其他发酵参数的变化,并且发酵产生更多的菌体蛋白。相比于回肠微生物发酵,大肠微生物发酵后,柔嫩梭菌属和梭菌XIV属数量较高,而大肠杆菌属数量较低。     

体外法研究猪后肠道对芳香族氨基酸的发酵特性

【目的】采用体外发酵技术探究芳香族氨基酸在猪后肠的发酵特性。【方法】以杜×长×大育肥猪回肠、盲肠和结肠食糜为接种物,接种于10 mmol/L单一氨基酸的培养基中,37 o C培养24 h,测定4、8、12、16和24 h的产气量(GP),采集0 h和24 h样品,测定样品中的氨氮(NH3-N)和微生物蛋白(MCP)浓度,利用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE)和Real-time PCR定量技术分析体外培养中参与代谢特定氨基酸的细菌组成及数量。【结果】不同芳香族氨基酸的发酵液中NH3-N和MCP浓度存在极显著差异(P0.01),肠段对GP、NH3-N和MCP影响极显著(P0.01),且芳香族氨基酸与肠段对GP、NH3-N和MCP浓度均存在交互作用(P0.01)。定量PCR表明,芳香族氨基酸和肠段均显著影响发酵液中总菌数量(P0.05)。DGGE分析显示,同一肠段不同芳香族氨基酸组的细菌群落结构具有高度的相似性,其中回肠Phe组和Tyr组、结肠Tyr组和Trp组的相似性分别高达87.9%和80.5%,盲肠和结肠微生物香农指数变化显著(P0.05)。【结论】不同芳香族氨基酸的肠道代谢菌具有差异性,与Trp和Phe相比,Tyr的盲肠和结肠代谢菌多样性较低,与Trp和Tyr相比,Phe更多地合成菌体;特定芳香族氨基酸的不同肠道发酵去向不同,与回肠和盲肠比,结肠中芳香族氨基酸更多地合成菌体。     

体外法探究猪空肠和回肠黏膜微生物对低聚半乳糖和低聚甘露糖的发酵特性

【背景】小肠黏膜微生物是肠道菌群的重要组成部分,大量研究表明日粮添加低聚半乳糖（galacto-oligosaccharides,GOS）和低聚甘露糖（manno-oligosaccharides,MOS）能够调控猪的大肠菌群结构,但关于其调控小肠黏膜微生物的研究较少。【目的】通过体外发酵法探究猪空肠黏膜和回肠黏膜微生物发酵GOS和MOS的规律。【方法】以生长猪的空肠黏膜微生物和回肠黏膜微生物作为接种物,以GOS和MOS作为底物进行厌氧发酵,在发酵0、6、12、24 h时采样测定总菌数量、pH、氨态氮（ammonia nitrogen,NH₃-N）、菌体蛋白（microbial crude protein,MCP）和有机酸,在24 h收集微生物提取DNA进行细菌定量分析。【结果】在24 h时,回肠黏膜组的NH₃-N浓度显著低于空肠黏膜组,而MCP浓度显著高于空肠黏膜组（P<0.05）。在发酵的前6 h各组pH无明显变化,有机酸积累较少。在12 h时,MOS组的乳酸、乙酸、丁酸和总短链脂肪酸产量显著高于GOS组（P<0.05）,此时只有回肠黏膜组有少量丙酸产生。在24 h时,MOS回肠黏膜组乳酸产量最高而pH值最低（P<0.05）。相较于MOS组,GOS组显著提高了丙酸的产量（P<0.05）。相较于GOS组,MOS组显著提高了乙酸的产量,在空肠黏膜组中显著提高了丁酸和总短链脂肪酸的产量（P<0.05）。定量结果表明,在24 h时,各处理组的厚壁菌门数量都接近总菌数量,属于优势菌门。相较于MOS组,GOS组显著提高了拟杆菌门、链球菌属、韦荣氏球菌属和普拉梭菌细菌的数量,提高了空肠黏膜组中Clostridium cluster IV和回肠黏膜组中Clostridium cluster XIVa的数量（P<0.05）。相较于GOS组,MOS组显著提高了大肠杆菌和乳酸杆菌属的数量,提高了回肠黏膜组中罗氏菌属的数量（P<0.05）。【结论】猪小肠黏膜微生物对GOS和MOS具有不同的发酵模式,主要表现在有机酸的产生和促进细菌的增殖方面。GOS具有产丙酸优势,提高了拟杆菌门和韦荣氏球菌属的数量;MOS促进了乙酸的产生,提高了大肠杆菌和乳酸杆菌的数量。     

溶菌酶对瘤胃体外发酵、甲烷生成及微生物菌群结构的影响

【目的】通过体外静态模拟瘤胃发酵法研究溶菌酶对瘤胃发酵、甲烷生成及微生物菌群结构的影响。【方法】采用单因素多水平试验设计,溶菌酶添加水平分别为0(L-0,对照组)、0.1 mg/100 m L(L-0.1)、1 mg/100 m L(L-1)、10 mg/100 m L(L-10)和100 mg/100 m L(L-100),定时测定产气量和甲烷产量,培养24 h后,发酵液用于发酵参数和微生物菌群数量的q PCR测定,其中L-0、L-1和L-100三个组发酵液同时进行16S r RNA基因Illumina高通量测序。【结果】与对照组相比,低剂量溶菌酶添加(L-0.1组)不影响甲烷产量、氨氮浓度、干物质消失率、有机物消失率和总挥发性脂肪酸等瘤胃发酵参数(P0.05);随着剂量提高,L-1处理组甲烷产量、氨氮浓度显著降低(P0.05),丙酸浓度显著增加(P0.05),并且干物质消失率、有机物消失率和总挥发性脂肪酸不受影响(P0.05);而较高剂量组(L-10和L-100组)虽然甲烷产量显著降低,丙酸浓度显著增加(P0.05),但干物质消失率和有机物消失率也显著降低(P0.05)。q PCR结果显示高剂量组(L-100组)总菌、原虫、甲烷菌数量与对照组相比显著降低(P0.05),而L-0.1、L-1和L-10组总菌、真菌和原虫数量与对照组相比均无显著变化(P0.05)。高通量测序主成分分析(PCA)显示对照组与溶菌酶添加组间瘤胃细菌组成的明显区分,说明添加溶菌酶显著改变了瘤胃细菌菌群结构。溶菌酶通过增加月形单胞菌和琥珀酸弧菌等丙酸生成菌的相对丰度,使更多的氢被用于生成丙酸,导致甲烷产量降低;溶菌酶可抑制普雷沃氏菌和拟杆菌属等蛋白降解菌的生长,进而减少蛋白质过度降解,降低氨氮浓度。【结论】添加适宜浓度(1 mg/100 m L)的溶菌酶可通过调控瘤胃微生态改变瘤胃发酵模式,降低瘤胃甲烷和氨的生成,短期内并不影响饲料消化。     

谷物蛋白对白酒发酵过程中微生物群落及其代谢多样性的调控

[背景] 在白酒发酵过程中,原料中的谷物蛋白可为微生物的生长提供氮源等营养物质,进而形成多种代谢产物。谷物蛋白可分为清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白。然而,谷物蛋白对微生物多样性及其代谢产物多样性的调控尚不明确。[目的] 揭示白酒发酵过程中与微生物多样性及其代谢产物多样性显著相关的关键谷物蛋白种类及其调控作用。[方法] 通过Osborne法测定不同品种高粱中谷物蛋白的组成;采用多组学联用技术解析4种高粱在发酵过程中的微生物菌群多样性及代谢产物多样性;通过模拟发酵揭示原料中影响微生物群落及其代谢多样性的关键蛋白。[结果] 4种高粱中的谷物蛋白组成存在显著差异（ANOSIM：R=0.85,P=0.001）;4种高粱在发酵第5天时,S4高粱的细菌多样性显著（P<0.05）高于其他3种高粱,S3高粱中微生物的代谢产物多样性显著（P<0.05）高于其他3种高粱;清蛋白和球蛋白含量与发酵第5天的优势细菌多样性（R²=0.34,P<0.05;R²=0.58,P<0.05）和代谢产物多样性呈显著正相关（R²=0.58,P<0.05;R²=0.36,P<0.05）,被定义为关键蛋白;模拟发酵实验验证了优势细菌多样性和代谢产物多样性可随着2种关键蛋白即清蛋白和球蛋白含量的升高而升高。当清蛋白含量在3.0 g/L时,优势细菌多样性及代谢产物多样性可分别达到0.72和0.65;当球蛋白含量在3.0 g/L时,优势细菌多样性及代谢产物多样性可分别达到0.66和0.81。[结论] 研究揭示了酿造原料中的清蛋白和球蛋白对发酵过程中细菌多样性及代谢产物多样性的调控作用,为提高白酒发酵的可控性及质量提供了依据。     

不同产地冬虫夏草及不同厂家虫草发酵菌丝的可溶性蛋白比较

冬虫夏草〔Ｃｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ (Ｂｅｒｋ .)Ｓａｃｃ.〕为我国滋补名贵出口中药 ,主产于青海、西藏、四川、云南、甘肃等省。因野生资源有限 ,严重脱销。为解决药源问题 ,近年来我国已开发出了虫草菌丝体发酵产品[1] 。由于虫草系真菌寄生在昆虫体上的复合体     

三种苦瓜多糖的体外发酵特性比较研究

采用体外发酵技术评价分段醇沉提取的3种苦瓜多糖(MCP1、MCP2和MCP3,乙醇终浓度分别为45%、60%和75%)对三元猪盲肠食糜的发酵特性和发酵产物的影响。于不同发酵时间点记录产气量,48 h后检测发酵液pH值、NH3和短链脂肪酸(SCFA)含量。结果表明,MCP1和MCP2发酵动力学参数最优,显著优于葡萄糖和空白对照组(P0.05);MCP2和葡萄糖组pH值最低,MCP1和葡萄糖组的NH3含量最低;葡萄糖组的丙酸、异丁酸和SCFA总量显著高于其它各组(P0.05);MCP2的乙酸、异丁酸和SCFA总量显著高于其它多糖组(P0.05)。结果提示,MCP1和MCP2是2种理想的可被盲肠微生物利用的碳源,并可改变微生物发酵产生的SCFA含量与组成。     

蛋白核小球藻发酵产油脂的研究

从5种不同来源的小球藻中筛选到1株油脂产量较高的蛋白核小球藻Chlorella pyrenoidosa No.2。研究了培养基组成及培养条件对其细胞生长和油脂积累的影响。结果表明, 最适培养基组成为(g/L)：葡萄糖 20, 甘氨酸 0.08, MgSO4·7H2O 0.4, K2HPO4 1.0, FeSO4·7H2O 0.004; 适宜的培养温度、初始pH、摇床转速和光照强度分别为28℃、6.0、130 r/min和 650 Lux。在上述优化条件下培养7 d, Chlorella pyrenoidosa No.2的生物量和油脂含量分别由优化前的3.73 g/L 和 40.15%提高到6.56 g/L和59.90%, 油脂产量提高了162%。Chlorella pyrenoidosa No.2能以木糖为碳源产油脂, 可望用于以木质纤维素等可再生生物质资源为原料生产油脂。气相色谱分析表明该油脂的脂肪酸组成与植物油相似, 不饱和脂肪酸含量达71％左右, 可作为生产生物柴油的原料。     

多糖类益生元的筛选及凝结芽孢杆菌体外发酵特性北大核心

【目的】探究9种多糖对凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans)的增殖、产酶特性的影响。【方法】将凝结芽孢杆菌分别添加至菊粉多糖(inulin polysaccharide)、刺五加多糖(Eleutherococcus senticosus polysaccharide)、壳寡糖(chitosan oligosaccharide)、防风多糖(Saposhnikovia divaricata polysaccharide)、低聚木糖(xylo-oligosaccharide)、黄芪多糖(Astragalus polysaccharide)、甘露糖(D-mannose)、白术多糖(Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz polysaccharide)和玉屏风多糖(Yu Ping Feng polysaccharide)为唯一碳源的培养基中,通过菌株生长、酶活性及其体外厌氧发酵等作为指标,筛选出最优益生元。【结果】凝结芽孢杆菌能很好地利用防风多糖、黄芪多糖、白术多糖和玉屏风多糖;添加量为4%的防风多糖和白术多糖,pH差值差异最大,蛋白酶活性差异显著(P<0.05)。体外发酵乳酸活性和总蛋白酶活性均提高,4%白术多糖的乳酸和总蛋白酶活性差异显著(P<0.05);肠道内容物发酵液16S rRNA基因高通量测序结果表明,与对照组比较,添加黄芪多糖、防风多糖、甘露糖3种益生元发酵凝结芽孢杆菌显著降低了气单胞菌(Aeromonas)、α-变形菌(α-Proteobacteria)、链球菌(Streptococcus)、志贺氏杆菌属(Shigella)等致病菌的相对丰度,提高了乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)、产酸杆菌(Acidobacteria)的相对丰度。【结论】凝结芽孢杆菌发酵4%白术多糖具有较好的产酶性能与益生特性,二者协同发酵添加至饲料中具有较好的发展潜力。     

Effects of essential oils on in vitro ruminal fermentation and ammonia release

Ruminal inoculum enriched with particle-associated microorganisms was collected from two lactating dairy cows fed an alfalfa hay/cereal silage/concentrate diet 1 h before feeding and used to evaluate effects of essential oils (EO) on ruminal fermentation in short-term in vitro incubations. Ruminal ammonia N was labeled with ¹⁵N and native and hydrolyzed casein were provided as sources of amino acids. Forty EO were tested at 10 and 100 mg/l final medium concentration. Monensin-Na, and sodium laurate were also incubated at 5 and 2000 mg/l, respectively. Compared with blanks (i.e., no addition of EO), sodium laurate increased medium pH and a number of EO reduced medium pH. Both sodium laurate and monensin reduced ammonia concentrations compared to the blank. Only one of the tested EO (i.e., Caraway) slightly reduced ammonia concentration, by 8%, compared with the blank. Monensin and sodium laurate resulted in higher (i.e., 9–34%, monensin, and 29–47%, sodium laurate) ¹⁵N enrichment of ammonia N, an indication of reduced deamination of amino acids in these treatments versus the blank. Several EO (i.e., FrankMyrrh, Gardenia, Hibiscus, Eucaliptus, and Peppermint) had similar effects, but of a smaller magnitude (i.e., 5–12%). Some EO increased medium total VFA concentration, primarily through an increase in acetate concentration. Overall, effects of EO on fermentation were subtle, and it is unlikely that these moderate in vitro effects would correspond to any substantive impact on ruminal fermentation in vivo.     

Effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on in vitro ruminal fermentation of substrates with different forage:concentrate ratios

Batch cultures of mixed rumen micro-organisms were used to study the effects of three fibrolytic enzymes (xylanase from Trichoderma viride (XYL) and fibrolytic enzymes from Aspergillus niger (ASP) and Trichoderma longibrachiatum (TR)) on the fermentation of three substrates composed of grass hay:concentrate in the proportions (dry matter (DM) basis) of 0.7:0.3 (HF), 0.5:0.5 (MF) and 0.3:0.7 (LF). Enzymes were characterized for xylanase, endoglucanase, exoglucanase and amylase activities, and were supplied at rates of 40 and 80 enzymatic units/g substrate DM. In 8 h incubations, all enzymes increased (P=0.048 to P<0.001) the true degradability of substrate DM and the production of acetate, propionate, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and gas. After 24 h incubation, some of the observed effects disappeared, but all enzymes still increased (P=0.028 to P<0.001) the degradability of substrate acid detergent fibre and the production of acetate, propionate and total VFA. For all enzymes, the effects on ruminal variables were less marked at 24 than at 8 h of incubation. Only few significant (P=0.044 to P=0.001) enzyme × substrate interactions were detected, although the magnitude of the response for each substrate varied with the enzyme. When considering the amount of organic matter apparently fermented (OMAF) and the methane:OMAF ratio as main variables, TR80 produced the greatest increase in OMAF (17.0%) for HF substrate, with ASP80 and TR40 having similar values (11.1 and 12.6%), and XYL and ASP40 showing no effects (P>0.05). A decrease (P<0.05) of methane:OMAF ratio was only found for TR80 at 8 h (17.4%). All enzymes, with the exception of ASP40, increased (P<0.05) OMAF at 8 h for MF substrate (11.3–25.4%), TR80 showing the greatest response. After 24 h of incubation, both doses of XYL and TR increased (P<0.05) OMAF (mean value 8.2%) and decreased methane:OMAF ratio (mean value 9.5%). All enzymes increased significantly OMAF with LF substrate at 8 h (7.5–19.9%), but after 24 h no effect (P>0.05) was detected on OMAF and methane:OMAF ratio. In general, few differences were detected between both doses of enzymes, which indicate than the used enzymes would be effective in enhancing ruminal degradation of substrates at a dose lower than 80 enzymatic units/g substrate DM.     

Effect of different ascorbate supplementations on in vitro cartilage formation in porcine high-density pellet cultures

Articular cartilage has only very limited potential for self-repair and regeneration. For this reason, various tissue engineering approaches have been developed to generate cartilage tissue in vitro. Usually, most strategies require ascorbate supplementation to promote matrix formation by isolated chondrocytes. In this study, we evaluate and compare the effect of different ascorbate forms and concentrations on in vitro cartilage formation in porcine chondrocyte high-density pellet cultures. l-ascorbate, sodium l-ascorbate, and l-ascorbate-2-phosphate were administered in 100 μM, 200 μM, and 400 μM in the culture medium over 16 days. Pellet thickness increased independently from the supplemented ascorbate form and concentration. Hydroxyproline content increased as well, but here, medium concentration of AsAP and low concentration of AsA showed a more pronounced effect. Proteoglycan and collagen formation were evaluated histologically and could be proven in all supplemented cultures. Non-supplemented cultures, however, showed no stable matrix formation at all. Effects on the gene expression pattern of cartilage marker genes (type I and type II collagen, aggrecan, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP)) were studied by real-time RT-PCR and compared to non-supplemented control cultures. Expression level of cartilage marker genes was elevated in all cultures showing that dedifferentiation of chondrocytes could be prevented. Again, all supplementations caused a similar effect except for low concentration of AsA, which resulted in an even higher expression level of all marker genes. Besides that, we could not detect a pronounced difference between ascorbate and its derivates as well as between the different concentrations.     

综述: 细胞穿透肽及其结构改造在siRNA传递中的应用

小RNA药物应用于临床的主要技术瓶颈在于如何高效、低毒地将小RNA分子传递到它发挥功能的场所．基于细胞穿透肽在小RNA透皮给药的临床应用中所取得的进展,本文系统评述了近年来细胞穿透肽在小RNA的体内、体外传递方面的研究动态,分析了细胞穿透肽的结构改造对肽/小RNA复合物转染进入细胞发挥功能的影响,展望了细胞穿透肽作为小RNA的体内药物传递载体的发展方向．     

无机氮供应对甘蓝型油菜组培苗盐耐受能力的影响

该研究以甘蓝型油菜组培苗为材料,使用硝酸钠来提供唯一氮源和盐胁迫条件,测定甘蓝型油菜组培苗的生物量、叶绿素含量和叶片稳定碳同位素值,通过稳定碳同位素值评估甘蓝型油菜组培苗的自养能力,并基于自养能力研究甘蓝型油菜组培苗的无机氮供应与盐耐受能力的关系。结果表明：（1）供应40 mmol·L^-1硝态氮能消除轻度盐胁迫的不利影响,供应80 mmol·L^-1硝态氮能有效缓减中度盐胁迫的不利影响,但在重度盐胁迫条件下,即使供应过量的无机氮,甘蓝型油菜组培苗的生长仍然受到显著的抑制。（2）甘蓝型油菜组培苗的叶绿素含量随盐胁迫程度的增加而逐渐降低。（3）甘蓝型油菜组培苗的自养能力在轻度盐胁迫时达到最大,但盐胁迫程度的加剧会显著降低甘蓝型油菜组培苗的自养能力。由此可知,当植物的无机氮需求得到满足后,自养能力的强弱将决定植物的盐耐受能力,而过量的无机氮供应不能提高重度盐胁迫条件下植物的自养能力。     

乳酸链球菌素对瘤胃体外发酵、甲烷生成及功能菌群数量的影响北大核心CSCD

【目的】旨在通过体外静态模拟瘤胃发酵法研究乳酸链球菌素(NI)对瘤胃发酵、甲烷生成及功能菌群数量的影响。【方法】以不添加任何添加剂处理做阴性对照(NC),以莫能菌素(MON,5μmol/L)做阳性对照,试验组NI添加水平分别为3(NI-3)、9(NI-9)和27 mg/100 m L(NI-27),每个处理4个重复,分别于培养后的0、3、6、9、12、24 h测定产气量和甲烷产量。培养24 h后,采集发酵液样品,用于发酵参数和菌群数量的测定。【结果】与NC组相比,添加NI和MON均能显著降低产气量和甲烷产量(P<0.05);添加NI对pH值、干物质消失率(DMD)和有机物消失率(OMD)无显著影响(P>0.05);NI-9处理组与NC组相比氨态氮浓度显著降低(P<0.05),而NI-3和NI-27组氨氮浓度没有显著变化(P>0.05);相比而言,MON处理组DMD、OMD和氨氮浓度与NC组相比均显著降低(P<0.05),而pH值与其他各处理组相比没有差异(P>0.05);与NC组相比,NI各处理组和MON组乙酸浓度及乙丙比均显著降低(P<0.05),丙酸浓度显著提高(P<0.05)。功能菌方面,qPCR结果显示添加NI和MON对总菌和拟杆菌门数量均无显著影响(P>0.05);与NC相比,添加NI对原虫、甲烷菌、真菌和厚壁菌门数量均无显著影响(P>0.05),而MON组原虫、甲烷菌、真菌和厚壁菌门数量显著降低(P<0.05);NI和MON处理均显著提高了硫还原菌和C.aminophilum数量(P<0.05),但C.sticklandii数量不受影响(P>0.05)。【结论】添加适宜浓度的NI可降低瘤胃甲烷与氨的生成,但并不影响饲料消化,这种发酵模式的改变可能与瘤胃功能菌群数量与多样性的变化密切相关。