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卧龙自然保护区有种子植物144科658属1 648种及81变种,其中裸子植物8科17属33种。植物区系起源古老,孑遗植物、原始类群和中国特有类群丰富;单型或单种的科属众多,占总属数的58.97%;含20种以上的科和含10种以上的属分别占总科数和总属数的14.58%和4.25%,它们构成了卧龙种子植物区系的主体;该区植物区系具有热带起源,温带分布的双重特征。 相似文献
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为了解现阶段四川卧龙国家级自然保护区的鸟类动态与多样性,2015年5月—2016年12月、2018年1—5月和2018年8月—2019年12月,采用样点法和样线法进行鸟类调查,加上2015年5月—2021年3月的相机拍摄记录,共记录鸟类293种,综合文献记载,保护区共记录鸟类18目66科392种。其中,国家一级重点保护野生动物13种,国家二级重点保护野生动物65种;留鸟188种,夏候鸟100种,冬候鸟18种,旅鸟85种,迷鸟1种。多样性分析表明,保护区春季的多样性指数(5.84)和均匀度指数(0.785)最高,冬季的多样性指数(5.48)和均匀度指数(0.756)最低;针阔混交林的多样性指数(5.74)和均匀度指数(0.825)最高,高山灌丛、草甸和流石滩的多样性指数(4.51)最低,针叶林的均匀度指数(0.703)最低。研究结果为保护珍稀濒危鸟类提供了基础信息和科学依据。 相似文献
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空间利用是野生动物对环境资源的利用模式和活动格局,影响着种群之间的基因交流和生存发展。我们于2010~2012年在四川卧龙国家级自然保护区的“核桃坪”及其附近区域,采用GPS颈圈跟踪技术对分布和放养于该区域的野生大熊猫和放牧家畜—马群进行了定位监测和样地调查。分别选择了3只大熊猫和3个马群的代表性个体的GPS颈圈数据,在地理信息系统(GIS)中通过数字高程模型(DEM)、动物移动模块等工具提取和计算了它们活动区域的地形地势、巢域大小、日移动距离和核域数量,并检验了野生大熊猫和放牧家畜空间利用的差异性。结果表明:野生大熊猫和放牧家畜不同月份和整体之间在海拔高度、坡度坡向、巢域面积、日移动距离和核域数量等方面都具有显著性的差异。野生大熊猫表现为随季节和食物类型(竹笋、竹秆、枝叶)丰度的变化分别活动于拐棍竹林、短锥玉山竹林和冷箭竹林中,活动空间较大(海拔范围、巢域大小)、日移动距离较短和核域数量多等特征的随机扩散模式,且不同个体和月份之间波动性较大;放牧家畜则因初始放养于不同区域的竹林(拐棍竹林、冷箭竹林)和人为干涉程度的大小差异,显示出不同的空间利用格局,但与大熊猫相比,总体而言都具有巢域面积小、日移动距离略大、核域数量极少等“步步为营”空间利用模式的特征,且不同畜群和不同时间之间的变化幅度也小于大熊猫。不同的空间利用格局对环境资源的影响强度截然不同,大熊猫的利用模式有利于竹子资源的更新恢复和生境结构的持续发展,而放牧家畜的利用模式将造成竹子资源的死亡衰败和生境结构的破坏退化。因此,加强放牧家畜的管控,有效协调社区经济发展和生物多样性保护成为卧龙自然保护区(特区)今后工作和管理的当务之急。 相似文献
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Community dynamics of Ogawa Forest Reserve,a species rich deciduous forest,central Japan 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
T. Nakashizuka S. Iida H. Tanaka M. Shibata S. Abe T. Masaki K. Niiyama 《Plant Ecology》1992,103(2):105-112
Forest community dynamics were studied for 4 years in a 6 ha permanent plot of species rich, old-growth, temperate deciduous forest in Ogawa Forest Reserve, central Japan. The gap formation rate, recruitment, mortality, gain and loss rate in basal area during 4 years were 42 m2 ha–1 yr–1, 1.74% yr–1, 1.19% yr–1, 1.12% yr–1 and 0.88% yr–1, respectively. The turnover time calculated from them ranged from 58 to 240 years. Both the mortality and mortality factors were size dependent; trees in middle size class had smallest mortality, and the proportion of the trees killed by disturbances increased with size. Gap creations were concentrated in a particular year, suggesting a large heterogeneity in time. Spatial distribution of recruited trees were biassed to the old gaps (older than 4 years), especially that of the species with Bell-shaped dbh distribution (shade intolerant) strongly associated with the gaps. Recruitment in tree stems and the loss of basal area, thus had the larger variability than mortality of stems and this forest, and the species with L-shaped dbh distribution seemed to going to increase the importance in the future if the present trend continues to be held. The turnover time of population is positively correlated with the maximum dbh size of the species, indicating the slow change of the population of large sized species. 相似文献
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Regeneration of seven indigenous tree species in a dry Afromontane forest,southern Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Regeneration of seven indigenous tree species having significant ecological and economic importance was investigated in the Munessa-Shashemene dry Afromontane forest (MSF), southern Ethiopia. Densities and distributions of seedlings, saplings and trees were assessed along gradients of altitude, light and disturbance using quadrat sizes of 10×5 m (for seedlings) and 20×20 m (saplings and trees) following line transects. The number of individuals, frequency and height of the study species were recorded in the quadrats at every 100 m drop in altitude. Seedling densities varied markedly among the species and altitudes. Mean densities (number of individuals ha−1) of seedlings ranged from zero (Polyscias fulva) to 5334 (Prunus africana), and from three (Polyscias fulva) to 102 (Podocarpus falcatus) for trees and saplings. Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed that seedlings of Celtis africana and Croton macrostachyus were highly favored by disturbance and, hence, were concentrated in canopy gaps within the forest. Based on their population structures, the study species could be categorized into three groups: (1) Species that showed the highest proportion of individuals in the lowest height class and with a gradual decrease towards the upper height classes, which suggests good regeneration; Podocarpus falcatus, C. africana, C. macrostachys and P. africana belonged to this group. (2) Species that showed higher proportions of individuals in the lowest height class and with missing individuals in the subsequent middle height classes, indicative of hampered regeneration; Syzygium guineense and Pouteria adolfi-friederici belonged to this group. (3) Species with no individuals in the lowest and middle height classes but represented by individuals in upper height classes; P. fulva belonged to this group. The species categorized in the last two groups exhibited hampered regeneration, and P. fulva is in the verge of local extermination. High seedling densities (e.g. C. africana and P. africana) and/or adaptive defense mechanisms to herbivory (e.g. P. falcatus and C. macrostachyus) were common attributes of species, which exhibited good regeneration. Regeneration problems were largely attributed to human disturbance, lack of suitable habitat for seed germination or problems associated to seed set (seed predation or abortion). Our study indicated that P. fulva, P. adolfi-friederici and S. guineense require the highest immediate attention for conservation in the MSF. 相似文献
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Single- (33–37 m2) and multi-tree (51–151 m2) gaps were created in an Allegheny Plateau northern hard-woods forest to investigate environmental and herb layer response to canopy opening. After gap creation, noon light on clear summer days was brightest north of opening center. At other times of the day, and when skies were overcast, there was no difference in the light quantity beneath opened and closed canopy. Nor was the distribution of soil moisture or of soil or air temperature greatly affected by gap creation. Species establishment tended to be higher near opening centers; otherwise, there was no pronounced effect of canopy opening on plant cover or species richness during the first four years after gap creation. Biotic responses were not significantly correlated with any environmental factor. 相似文献
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015年7- 8月,采用样方法对卧龙国家级自然保护区水鹿夏季生境进行了调查。共布设160个样方,其中75个为空白对照样方,85个为利用样方,测量、比较了两类样方中海拔、坡度等15个生境变量,并根据Logistic回归分析及赤池信息标准(Akaike information criterion, AIC)选取出最佳的水鹿夏季生境选择模型。结果表明:影响卧龙水鹿夏季生境选择的主要因素为隐蔽度、坡度、距人为干扰距离和距水源距离。在夏季,卧龙水鹿通常选择隐蔽度较好、缓坡(< 20°)、距人为干扰距离远(≥ 1 000 m )及距离水源近(< 500 m)的生境。此外,植被类型对于卧龙水鹿夏季生境选择也有一定的影响( χ2= 11.499 , df= 4, P= 0.021)。有约92%的利用样方分布于各种类型的森林中,仅有约8%的利用样方分布于海拔3 500 m左右的杜鹃及高山栎灌丛带。 相似文献
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地震及其引发的次生地质灾害是影响野生动物多样性及空间利用的重要因素,为探究地震后野生动物对地震灾害体的利用特征,为震后生物多样性保护与生态资源恢复方案制定提供基础资料,本研究在四川卧龙国家级自然保护区的不同损毁程度地震灾害体内及周边设置红外相机调查野生动物组成和相对多度指数。经过2 833个相机工作日的调查,在地震灾害体内共探测到野生动物28种 (兽类15种,鸟类13 种),其中出现频率较高的为红腹锦鸡 (Chrysolophus pictus)、马来豪猪 (Hystrix brachyura)、中华斑羚 (Naemorhedus griseus) 等喜食植物 (根、茎、叶和果实) 的动物,而记录到的兽类中,有60%被IUCN红色名录评估为濒危 (EN)、易危 (VU) 和近危 (NT),表明珍稀野生动物会利用恢复过程中的地震灾害体,反映出地震灾害体对保护珍稀濒危动物具有潜在生态价值。轻度、中度、重度损毁程度区的物种种类构成差异大,动物相对多度指数 (RAI) 也存在较大差异:中度 > 轻度 > 重度。地震灾害体外的野生动物种数与相对多度指数均高于灾害体内,表明汶川地震引发的次生地质灾害仍在持续影响野生动物生境选择与利用。建议针对震后受损区域的野生动物生境利用展开长期监测与研究。 相似文献
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景观边界特征与景观碎裂化过程之间的相互关系研究已经引起了广泛的关注。利用 1 987年和 1 997年两个时段遥感景观资料 ,编制了卧龙自然保护区的景观类型图 ,以验证景观碎裂化过程导致边界数量 ,特别是短边界数量增加这一假说。研究工作包括 4个方面的内容 :(1 )利用每年的 2 0个 2 0 0× 2 0 0像元的正方形样地 ,分析工作区内景观边界的一般特征 ;(2 )对每个样地边界数量的长度谱分布特征进行拟合 ,确定能够反映边界属性特征的拟合方程参数 ;(3 )将边界属性特征参数与样地的景观碎裂化指数进行比较研究 ,建立景观边界特征与景观碎裂化程度之间的量化关系模型 ;(4 )利用每个时段的 1 0个验证样地来检验关系模型的有效性。研究结果表明 ,所有样地边界数量的长度谱分布特征可以使用对数方程 y=bln(x) +c进行拟合。景观的碎裂化过程将同时导致拟合方程参数 b的绝对值和 c值线性增加 ,景观碎裂化水平的增加将导致景观边界数量和短边界数量均呈指数增长方式。从研究的结果中还可以推断出 ,生境碎裂化水平对于生物多样性的影响也将呈现出明显的放大效应。 相似文献
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农户是退耕还林工程中的经济主体,他们的经济行为和认知响应将会对工程实施产生重要影响。研究采用参与式农户评估方法,就农户对退耕还林工程的态度和认知、退耕还林工程对农户的经济影响、以及农户现有耕地面积等问题进行了调查,以期从农户角度出发,探讨卧龙自然保护区退耕还林工程的可持续性问题。研究表明,尽管农户对退耕还林工程持积极的态度,但是有3个问题影响了退耕还林工程的可持续性。一是当地居民的粮食需求问题,由于当地居民粮食消费的外在依赖性,以及工程本身导致的耕地和收入减少,使退耕还林工程的可持续性受到潜在的威胁;二是从经济发展的角度出发,结合当地居民的经济收入、就业状况和他们对于工程的经济预期,现行的退耕还林工程缺乏相应的配套措施和足够的吸引力来保证其可持续性;三从生态恢复理论和实践上看,退耕补偿的数量和期限须考虑区域的差异和生态系统功能的实现,在本研究区域须与生物多样性保护相结合。 相似文献
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保护区是一种特殊的土地利用类型,以保护物种,生态系统或自然遗产为主要目的,但是保护的成败依赖于保护区管理的有效性和可持续性,这是保护区健康发展的根本保障,功能评价就是促进保护区持续有效管理的重要手段,本文以模糊逻辑和问卷调查为基础,对卧龙自然保护区功能进行了综合评价。评价中,将卧龙自然保护区的整体功能划分为五大方面,即自然保护、宣传教育,科学研究,社会发展和经济发展,其中每项功能再进一步划分为3到5个次级指标,从而形成了一个具有3个层次的评价指标体系,评价结果表明,自然保护功能的评价为“好”,其余4项功能均评价为“一般”,因此,作为5方面功能综合的整体功能状况也为“一般”。卧龙自然保护区五大功能的相对良好次序为:自然保护,科学研究,社会发展,宣传教育和经济发展,这就意味着,卧龙自然保护区的功能具有综合整体性,任何方面的功能失调都会影响到保护区整体功能的发挥和保护区自身的健康发展,改善保护区的整体功能,也必须注重各项功能的相互影响,和彼此协调,只有这样才能解决好影响保护区发展的各种矛盾。克服管理和决策中的各种片面性和低效性,促使保护区的管理不断完善,从而保证保护区的可持续发展,进一步分析卧龙自然保护区各项功能的次级指标,对从各方面寻求改善保护区的功能状况很有帮助。 相似文献
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以亚高山暗针叶林3种林冠环境中以及暗针叶林林缘的华西箭竹(Fargesia nitida)为对象,对其无性系数量特征、无性系根茎特征、分株生物量以及分株形态特征进行了对比研究。结果表明:(1)林冠环境的差异导致了不同种群的基株密度和每基株分株数的显著差异,但林冠环境差异不影响分株密度。林冠郁闭度愈大,每基株分株数愈少,分株分布愈均匀。(2)不同林冠环境间。分株生物量、分株构件生物量和分株构件的生物量分配百分率均有显著差异。开敞的林冠环境有利于华西箭竹的生长和生物量积累。(3)随着林冠郁闭度的增加,华西箭竹通过增大分枝角度、叶生物量分配百分率、比叶面积和叶面积率以提高光能利用效率,有效适应弱光环境。(4)隔离者长度、隔离者直径和分枝强度在林缘和林窗环境中要显著大于林内环境;同级隔离者分枝角度随林冠郁闭度的增加而最大,其值在林下显著大于林窗和林缘,而异级隔离者分枝角度的变化则正好相反。研究表明,华西箭竹种群在不同的林冠环境中发生了明显的可塑性变化,这些可塑性变化是种群对林冠郁闭度差异的适应性反应的结果,有利于增强种群对环境中有限光资源的利用。 相似文献
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无线电颈圈定位数据应用于卧龙大熊猫移动规律的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文分析了1981 ~ 1983 年卧龙自然保护区6 只大熊猫的无线电定位数据,结合DEM 高程数据,应用地理信息系统(GIS)工具进行了大熊猫的垂直移动(海拔变化)和水平移动(2 个相邻日的移动距离变化)规律研究。应用了“箱图” 法和Mann-Whitney U test 统计检验方法进行分析比较。结果显示:卧龙地区的大熊猫从每年的4 月份起从2 800 m以上的高海拔区域下移至2 600 m左右的低海拔区域,在较低海拔生活至6 月底,然后上移回到2 800 m的高海拔区域,表明大熊猫存在“季节性垂直移动”。大熊猫的2 个相邻日移动距离年平均值为550 m;在4 月份的水平移动距离最大,达到700 多米,而在夏秋季的水平移动距离较小,为400 m上下。本研究中的雌雄体大熊猫在移动形式(海拔变化、相邻日移动距离变化) 上存在差异,雌体大熊猫下移海拔变化较雄体明显,但相邻日移动距离却明显比雄体小。本研究结果可为野外大熊猫监测和保护工作提供科学依据。 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to explore the effects of canopy conditions on clump and culm numbers, and the morphological plasticity and biomass distribution patterns of the dwarf bamboo species Fargesia nitida. Specifically, we investigated the effects of canopy condi-tions on the growth and morphological characteristics of F. nitida, and the adaptive responses of F. nitida to dif-ferent canopy conditions and its ecological senses. The results indicate that forest canopy had a significant effect on the genet density and culm number per clump, while it did not affect the ramet density. Clumps tended to be few and large in gaps and forest edge plots, and small under forest understory plots. The ramets showed an even distribution under the closed canopy, and clus-ter distribution under gaps and forest edge plots. The forest canopy had a significant effect on both the ramets'biomass and biomass allocation. Favourable light conditions promoted ramet growth and biomass accumulation. Greater amounts of biomass in gaps and forest edge plots were shown by the higher number of culms per clump and the diameter of these culms. Under closed canopy, the bamboos increased their branching angle, leaf biomass allocation, specific leaf area and leaf area ratio to exploit more favourable light conditions in these locations. The spacer length, specific spacer length and spacer branching angles all showed significant differences between gaps and closed canopy conditions. The larger specific spacer length and spacer branching angle were beneficial for bamboo growth, scattering the ramets and exploiting more favourable light conditions. In summary, this study shows that to varying degrees, F nitida exhibits both a wide ecological amplitude and high degree of morphological plasticity in response to differing forest canopy conditions. More-over, the changes in plasticity enable the plants to optimize their light usage efficiency to promote growth and increase access to resources available in heteerogeneous light environoments. 相似文献
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保护区内放牧活动对野生动物保护存在负面影响,明确不同物种对放牧干扰的行为响应对制定更有针对性的保护管理政策具有重要意义。使用红外相机研究卧龙自然保护区放牧活动对多种珍稀野生动物的影响,分析放牧激励政策实施前后大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)及其同域分布的小熊猫(Ailurus fulgens)、川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)、水鹿(Rusa unicolor) 4种珍稀野生动物的照片数、空间分布以及活动模式的变化,探讨这4种动物对放牧的行为响应策略。结果表明:(1)一期(2012—2013),2012年10月实施了禁马政策,同年12月实施放牧(牛羊)激励政策)家畜照片数量很少,4种野生动物照片数相对较多。二期(2014—2015)家畜的照片数显著增加(P0.01),小熊猫(P0.05)与川金丝猴(P0.01)的照片数均显著减少,大熊猫、水鹿的照片数也呈减少趋势;到三期(2016—2017),大熊猫、小熊猫及水鹿3种关注野生动物的照片数基本回升到激励政策实施前的水平,无川金丝猴照片记录。(2)一期,4种野生动物在研究区域有较广的分布;二期,大熊猫、小熊猫的空间分布范围均缩小,无川金丝猴空间分布信息,而家畜、水鹿的空间分布范围有所增加;到三期,大熊猫、小熊猫的空间分布基本恢复到放牧激励政策实施前的区域,无川金丝猴的空间分布信息。(3)放牧激励政策实施前后,大熊猫、小熊猫及川金丝猴活动模式无明显变化,但水鹿的活动更加集中于傍晚,以避开人类与家畜的活动高峰。同域分布的不同的野生动物对人类活动(如放牧)的行为响应策略不同,各保护区在制定相关保护政策时应综合考虑人类干扰对多个物种的影响,增加决策的科学性与合理性。 相似文献
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采用定量分析方法对福建万木林自然保护区12个样地13个主要种群的生态位宽度、生态位相似性比例、生态位重叠进行测定。结果表明,福建万木林自然保护区沉水樟林的优势种群多数为广生态位,对资源有一定共享性,其中沉水樟的生态位宽度最大,且在群落径级分布中占绝对优势,表明沉水樟种群在群落中具有比较强的生态适应性。种群之间的生态位相似比例较高,其中大于0.5的种对占44.9%;相对来说,沉水樟与生态位较宽树种的重叠值较大,生态位重叠值多为0.05~0.10,没有大于0.10的,表明目前沉水樟尚能适应该群落生境,与群落中其他树种竞争还不激烈,可以与生态位较宽的物种形成混交林。 相似文献
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Xiao-Hong Yu Jian-Ping Tao Yuan Li Yong-Jian Wang Yi Xi Wei-Yin Zhang Run-Guo Zang 《植物学报(英文版)》2006,48(10):1147-1153
Forest structure and succession in Wolong Nature Reserve is influenced by the understory dwarf bamboo population. However, less is known about how the forest succession affects the dwarf bamboo population. To examine the bamboo ramet population growth of Fargesla nitida (Mltford) Keng f. et Yi and to determine how ramet population structure varies along the succession of coniferous forest, we sampled ramet populations of F. nitida from the following three successional stages: (i) a deciduous broad-leaved (BL) stand; (ii) a mixed broad-leaved coniferous (MI) stand; and (ill) a coniferous (CF) stand. We investigated the population structure, biomass allocation, and morphological characteristics of the bamboo ramet among the three stand types. Clonal ramets, constituting the bamboo population, tended to become short and small with succession. The ramet changed towards having a greater mass investment in leaves, branches and underground roots and rhizomes rather than in the culm. With respect to leaf traits, individual leaf mass and area in the BL stand were markedly bigger than those In both the MI and CF stands, except for no significant difference in specific leaf area. The age distribution showed that the bamboo population approached an older age with succession. The results demonstrate that the ramet population structure of F. nitida is unstable and its growth performance is inhibited by succession. 相似文献