中国弯颈霉的培养性状和药理作用研究

中国弯颈霉ＺＮ９２３菌株分离自蔗褐蠹蛾Ｐｈｒａｇｍａｔｏｅｃｉａ ｃａｓｔａｎｅａｅ Ｈｕｅｒｂｎｅｒ虫尸。其生长最适温度为２５￣２８℃,最适ｐＨ６￣７,在富氮培养基上菌丝生长茂盛、洁白,有香气。药理试验表明,该菌株培养物具有镇静、抗炎、增强耐氧能力、扩张气管的雄性激素样作用,急性毒性试验以８０ｇ／ｋｇ（最大允许容积）剂量对小鼠一次灌胃,未见不良作用。中国弯颈霉是与冬虫夏草Ｃｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓ ｓｉ     

从长白山土壤中分离的3种弯颈霉属真菌(英文)

采用土壤稀释平板法从采自长白山自然保护区北坡森林的土壤样品中分离纯化出较多的弯颈霉属(Tolypocladium)真菌菌株,经形态观察鉴定出3个种,即雪白弯颈霉(T.niveum)、柱孢弯颈霉(T.cylindrospo-rum)及地生弯颈霉(T.geodes),其中(T.cylindrosporum)和(T.geodes)为中国新记录种。统计分析结果表明这3种真菌为喜冷真菌,表现出具有海拔分布特点。     

中国弯颈霉培养物的化学成份分析

中国颈霉Ｔ．ｓｉｎｅｎｓｅ是与冬虫夏草无性型密切相关的真菌。对中国弯颈霉ＺＮ９２３菌株培养物进行测试,证明其所含化学成分如甘露醇、氨基酸、生理碱、有机酸及甾醇类等与天然冬虫夏草基本相同。红外、紫外吸收图谱也表明两者所含的各类化学份极为相似。     

地生弯颈霉的培养与生长条件

从长白山北坡森林土壤中分离纯化得到1株地生弯颈霉(Tolypocladium geodes),对其培养及生长条件(如培养基、光照、温度、碳源、氮源和pH等)进行了试验。结果表明,地生弯颈霉在麦芽浸膏琼脂培养基(MEA)上菌落生长直径最大,马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)上产孢量最高;5~30℃温度范围内均能生长,25℃时生长和产孢量最佳;最适碳源和氮源分别为葡萄糖和柠檬酸铵;光暗交替条件下,最利于其生长和产生孢子;pH4~9范围内均能生长和产孢,pH=8时菌落直径最大,pH=6时产孢量最高。     

植物油对虫霉菌液体培养与保存的作用*

在萨氏营养液（ＳＤＢ）中加入用 ０．１％蔗糖脂肪酸酯－１５（ＳＥ１５）乳化的０．５０％芝麻油,可使在ＳＤＢ中生长慢而结块的新蚜虫疠霉、安徽虫瘟霉、飞虱虫疠毒和根虫瘟霉等四种虫霉的五个菌株形成均匀分散的菌丝体和能稳定转接的菌液。在ＳＤＢ中加入乳化芝麻油 （ ０．２５％～１．５％）、菜籽油（ ０．５０％～１．５％）和色拉油（ ８０％花生油和 ２０％菜籽油,０．７５％～１．５％）,能明显提高新蚜虫疠霉Ｆ９８０１８的生物量;而在ＳＤＢ中加入０．５０％乳化芝麻油,可使液培菌丝产孢量增加近一倍;在ＳＤＢ中加入的三种植物油（０．７５％）,在Ｆ９８０１８生长４ｄ后,含量分别下降了８５％～９４％,但其中脂肪酸相对组成基本不变,表明该菌生长能充分利用植物油中各脂肪酸。用萨氏培养基（ ＳＤＡＹ）、加入 ０．５０％乳化芝麻油的 ＳＤＡＹ（ ＯＳ－ＳＤＡＹ）和牛奶蛋黄培养基（ＳＥＭＡ）培养安徽虫瘟霉Ｆ９７０２８和新蚜虫疠霉Ｆ９８０２８,两菌株在ＳＥＭＡ上生长最快;在ＯＳ－ＳＤＡＹ以较慢速度正常生长;而在ＳＤＡＹ上,两菌株或不能生长,或在第二次培养时出现明显退化。用ＳＥＭＡ和ＯＳ－ＳＤＡＹ在３℃下来保存上述四种虫霉的七个菌株,在ＯＳ－ＳＤＡＹ上?     

甾体C11β—羟基生物转化菌株新月弯孢霉的筛选和鉴定

文章对甾体C11β－羟某化生物转化菌株－新月弯孢霉的生长和生物转化特征进行了研究。经过反复筛选,最终选出了一株氧化可的松转化率达30％的最优菌株。文中描述了新月弯孢霉菌体生长过程中,菌体干重与PH的变化情况,并通过正交实验确定了该菌株生长的最适培养基配方。经过研究,对新月弯孢霉菌株的生长和生物转化特性及其进行甾体C11β－羟基化生物转化过程有了初步的了解。     

124株鹌鹑空肠弯曲菌生物学性状的观察

由鹌鹑分出的１２４株空肠弯曲菌,经鉴定,其形态学特征、培养特性以及生化反应、生长与抑制生长试验的特点等均与人源空肠弯曲菌基本一致,但半数以上菌株具有ａ型溶血性能。按Ｌｉｏｎ生物学分型,主要为Ⅳ型（占７５．８％）,其次是Ⅲ型、Ⅱ型（分别占１７．７％、６．５％）,互型缺如。研究证实,氯化镉对全部菌株均能抑制生长,而０／１２９无此作用。药敏试验表明,鹌鹑空肠弯曲菌依次对氟哌酸、麦迪霉素、氯霉素、呋喃妥因、丁胺卡那霉素、红霉素和链霉素呈现高敏,但均有少数菌株例外;对青霉素类和菌必治则大多数菌株表现耐药。     

中国弯颈霉培养物的化学成份分析

中国颈霉T.sinense是与冬虫夏草无性型密切相关的真菌。对中国弯颈霉ZN923菌株培养物进行测试,证明其所含化学成分如甘露醇、氨基酸、生物碱、有机酸及甾醇类等与天然冬虫夏草基本相同。红外、紫外吸收图谱也表明两者所含的各类化学成份极为相似。     

环境pH诱导出芽短梗霉细胞多形化

出芽短梗霉具有酵母状细胞、膨大细胞、菌丝、厚垣孢子、念珠状菌丝和分生组织状结构。在最适pH条件下,出芽短梗霉生长繁殖以酵母状细胞（CBS100225等4菌株）或膨大细胞（CBS249.65等4菌株）为主。pH 2.2或pH 7.0诱导全部8株出芽短梗霉形成分生组织状结构。酵母状细胞转变成膨大细胞受低pH值诱导的占75%,还受高pH诱导的占50%。膨大细胞是多形性细胞转变的中心环节,可以转变成菌丝、厚垣孢子或分生组织状结构。     

块状耳霉变异株Et107的营养与生长条件研究

本文详细研究了适合块状耳霉变异株Ｅｔ１０７生长的营养因子及培养条件。Ｃ／Ｎ比为１５∶１时有利于菌株的生长,尿素是菌株生长的最佳氮源,生物素及适量的Ｆｅ（２＋）促进菌株生长,无机元素Ｍｇ是菌株生长不可缺少的因素。最适生长ｐＨ范围为６．０～７．０,最适生长温度为２５±１℃,通气量（即装液量）以７０ｍｌ／２５０ｍｌ为宜。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Metarhizium taii var. chongqingensis</Emphasis> Nov., Anamorph of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cordyceps</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">chongqingensis</Emphasis> sp. Nov. Isolated from a Low Altitude Area in Chongqing,China

Previously, a new Cordyceps species was isolated from a low altitude area in Chongqing, China, and named Cordyceps chongqingensis sp. nov. In this study, its anamorph was isolated and designated CQM1^T. It grew optimally on Czapek medium supplied with 0.5% silkworm flour and 0.5% soybean oil meal at 25°C, pH 5.0–5.5. The phenotypic and molecular characteristics were investigated for its identification and typing. Morphological observations under a microscope revealed that this anamorph of Cordyceps chongqingensis sp. nov. was a new species of Metarhizium. Moreover, it was identified as one of the variants of Metarhizium taii based on sequences of 26S rDNA D1/D2 and ITS regions, and thus named Metarhizium taii var. chongqingensis nov.     

蛹虫草优良菌株的筛选

通过对5株蛹虫草的菌丝形态和生长速率、液体培养生物量和胞外多糖、人工栽培和子实体中活性物质虫草多糖和虫草素的对比研究,筛选出优良的蛹虫草菌株。试验结果表明：蛹虫草6号菌株的菌丝的生长速率比其他菌株快;液体培养生物量和胞外多糖含量明显高于其他菌株;人工栽培的蛹虫草子实体头部大,子囊壳丰富,颜色橘黄,出草整齐均匀,出草率高,子实体中虫草多糖和虫草素的含量均高于其他菌株,表明6号菌株具有较高的经济价值,是值得开发和推广的好品种。     

虫草及其无性型中的抗肿瘤细胞活性成分

较系统地总结了目前在虫草及其无性型中发现的抗肿瘤细胞活性成分.其中冬虫夏草、蛹虫草、大团囊虫草、单侧虫草、戴氏虫草和拟蛹虫草等虫草以及它们的无性型蛹拟青霉、细脚拟青霉、金龟子绿僵菌和球孢白僵菌等虫生真菌代谢物中抗肿瘤细胞活性成分,其结构包括多糖类、甾醇类、含氮化合物和杂环化合物等多个类型.     

The determination of the partial 18 S ribosomal DNA sequences of Cordyceps species

Cordyceps species, which are used in Chinese traditional medicines, are fungal parasitesof insects. In this study the partial nucleotide sequences of 18 S ribosomal DNA from four Cordyceps species were determined and compared with the sequences of publishedascomycetes. The sequence data support the concept that Cordyceps species belong to thepyrenomycetes. Based on sequence data the phylogenetic tree was constructed using theneighbor-joining (NJ) method. Diversity in the phylogenetic tree was found for Cordyceps species. A new classification of Cordyceps species can be constructed based on thephylogenetic information obtained from such rDNA sequences.     

Pharmacological basis of 'Yin-nourishing' and 'Yang-invigorating' actions of Cordyceps, a Chinese tonifying herb

Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. (Cordyceps), a popular Chinese tonifying herb, was revered for being both 'Yin-nourishing' and 'Yang-invigorating' in Chinese medicine. In order to establish the pharmacological basis for the 'Yin-nourishing' and 'Yang-invigorating' action of Cordyceps, the effects of wild and cultured Cordyceps on concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenocytes, an in vitro bioassay for 'Yin-nourishment', and myocardial ATP generation capacity, an ex vivo bioassay for 'Yang-invigoration', were investigated in mice. The results indicated that methanolic extracts of wild and cultured Cordyceps enhanced both the Con A-stimulated splenocyte proliferation in vitro and myocardial mitochondrial ATP generation ex vivo in mice, with no significant difference in potency of action between the two types of Cordyceps. While the immuno-potentiating effect was associated with the increase in interleukin II production, the stimulation of myocardial ATP generation was paralleled by an enhancement in mitochondrial electron transport. When compared with typical 'Yin' and 'Yang' tonifying Chinese herbs, Cordyceps was found to possess both 'Yin-nourishing' and 'Yang-invigorating' activities, with a lower potency in both modes of action. The pharmacological characterization of Cordyceps by means of contemporary bioassays is consistent with the time-honored clinical observation from Chinese herbalists.     

五种虫草无性型菌株产腺苷类物质的分析

采用分光光度计法对虫草菌丝体中腺苷类组分的提取方法进行研究,采用薄层层析法和高效液相色谱法对虫草菌丝体中的腺嘌呤、腺苷、虫草菌素、N6-(2-羟乙基)腺苷等4种物质进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,虫草菌丝体中腺苷类组分的提取方法采用蒸馏水超声波提取30min效果较好,所测5种虫草菌株都能产腺苷和腺嘌呤,在蛹草拟青霉菌株中含有虫草菌素,在粉被玛利亚霉和蝉拟青霉菌株中含有N6-(2-羟乙基)腺苷,同时发现N6-(2-羟乙基)腺苷的累积与培养时间有一定关系。     

两种北虫草硒含量的比较

目的:比较富硒北虫草和普通北虫草的总硒含量、无机硒含量和有机硒含量。方法:采用紫外分光光度法测定富硒北虫草和普通北虫草的总硒含量和无机硒含量,然后通过计算得出有机硒含量。结果:富硒北虫草中总硒含量高于普通北虫草70倍左右,而有机硒含量则大约是普通北虫草的100倍,且富硒北虫草中有机硒含量为总硒含量的97%左右。结论:鞍山华宇生物科技有限公司开发的富硒北虫草中有机硒的含量明显高于普通北虫草,具有良好的使用前景。     

冬虫夏草及人工虫草菌丝体的氨基酸营养

本文研究了天然虫草菌与人工虫草菌的氨基酸含量。结果表明,天然虫草菌、人工虫草菌的总氨基酸含量稍有差异,但中性、酸性、碱性氨基酸和必需氨基酸在总氨基酸中所占百分比的高低基本一致。     

粉被虫草无性型的确证与鉴定

用从粉被虫草(Cordyceps pruinosa Petch)新鲜标本分离得到的假定无性型CGAC2281菌株,于室内人工重新养培出了粉被虫草的子实体。经观察表明,人工培养的子实体、子囊壳和次生子囊孢子的形态学特征与野外采集的标本基本相同,从而确证了CGAC 2281菌株是粉被虫草的真正无性型。本文报道了这种真菌的形态学特征,并鉴定它为马利亚霉属一新种,粉被马利亚霉新种(Mariannaea pruinosa Liang sp.nov.)。     

Anti-oxidation activity of different types of natural Cordyceps sinensis and cultured Cordyceps mycelia.

Cordyceps, one of the well-known traditional Chinese medicines, consists of the dried fungus Cordyceps sinensis growing on the larva of the caterpillar. It is commonly used for the replenishment of body health. One of the known pharmacological effects is its anti-oxidation activity. However, there is a great variation of the quality in different sources of Cordyceps. Here, the water extracts of various sources of natural C. sinensis and cultured Cordyceps mycelia were analyzed for their anti-oxidation activity by using three different assay methods such as the xanthine oxidase assay, the induction of hemolysis assay and the lipid peroxidation assay. The results showed that Cordyceps, in general, possesses a strong anti-oxidation activity in all assays tested. However, both natural and cultured Cordyceps showed the lowest inhibition in the lipid peroxidation when compared with the other two assay methods. The cultured Cordyceps mycelia had equally strong anti-oxidation activity as compared to the natural Cordyceps. Besides, the anti-oxidation activities were increased to 10-30 folds in the partially purified polysaccharide fractions from the cultured Cordyceps mycelia, which suggested that the activity could be derived partly from Cordyceps polysaccharides.