Quality of life in children after cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease

The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life children after cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) and to compare these results with healthy children. To assess the quality of life children after surgery for CHD we performed a cross-sectional study of 114 patients who were patients at the Department of Paediatrics in Tuzla, between the ages of 2 and 18 years, of both sexes, and with one of their parents. We used the "PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales", with both child self-report and parent proxy-reports. By self assessment, the PedsQL total scores for quality of life were statistically significantly different between children after cardiac surgery for ages 13 to 18 years and healthy children, while by parent report PedsQL total scores were statistically significantly different between children after cardiac surgery for ages 5 to 7 years and healthy children. By self assessment, children after cardiac surgery for ages from 5 to 7 and 13 to 18 years reported that they have a statistically significantly lower quality of life in the segment school functioning compared to the healthy children. By parental assessment, children after cardiac surgery for ages 2 to 4, 5 to 7 and 8 to 12 years have a statistically significantly lower quality of life in the segments of physical and psychosocial health, emotional, social and school functioning. The results of our study indicate that children after cardiac surgery for CHD by self and parent assessment have a lower quality of life than healthy children.     

微创手术联合早期针灸治疗高血压脑出血的临床研究

目的:探究微创手术联合早期针灸治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法:采用随机数字表法将本院2012年3月到2014年3月住院治疗的63例高血压脑出血患者分为研究组(34例)和对照组(29例),研究组给予微创手术与早期针灸(拔除引流管后第2~4天)治疗,对照组给予微创手术与常规针灸(拔除引流管后2周)治疗,分别于治疗前、针灸治疗后第2周和第4周对所有患者进行神经功能缺损及日常生活活动能力判定,对比两组疗效。结果:治疗第2周、4周后,两组神经功能缺损评分在逐渐下降(P0.05),而日常生活活动能力评分在逐渐上升(P0.05),且研究组治疗2周、4周后的神经功能缺损评分均低于对照组(P0.05),日常生活活动能力评分均高于对照组(P0.05);研究组的总有效率为91.2%,显著高于对照组的62.1%(P0.05)。结论:微创手术联合早期针灸治疗可显著改善高血压脑出血患者的神经功能及活动能力,临床疗效显著,且疗效优于微创手术联合常规针灸治疗。     

保乳手术与改良根治术治疗Ⅰ-Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者的疗效及生存状况比较研究

目的:比较分析乳腺癌保乳手术和根治术的临床疗效及患者生存状况。方法:回顾性分析2012年6月至2015年6月在我院乳腺外科行手术治疗的乳腺癌患者92例的临床资料,其中行保乳手术患者24例(保乳组),行根治手术患者68例(根治组),两组患者术后均采用个性化综合治疗巩固疗效,对比观察两组疗效及预后状况;通过乳腺癌生命质量测定量表(FACT-B)检测对比两组患者术后1、2年的生存质量;并对比两组患者术后乳房美容效果。结果:保乳组患者手术时间、术中出血量、引流量以及引流时间均明显较根治组少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而淋巴结清扫数则无明显差异(P0.05);两组患者上肢水肿发生率无明显差异(P0.05),而保乳组切缘皮瓣缺血发生率低于根治组(P0.05);两组患者术后2年生存率、复发率以及远处转移率无统计学差异(P0.05)。保乳组患者术后1、2年生理状况、情感状况、社会状况、功能状况、其他因素及生活质量综合评分均显著高于根治组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);保乳组术后乳房美容效果的优良率显著高于根治组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:相比于根治术,保乳手术不仅具有创伤小、术后恢复快的优势,患者预后状况与根治术相当,同时可更好的改善患者生存质量,术后乳房美容效果较好,临床应用价值更高。     

前臂屈指肌腱修复术后功能恢复的影响因素分析

目的:探讨影响前臂屈指肌腱修复术后功能恢复效果的因素,以利于制定合理的手术及康复方案。方法:对2011年1月~2012年10月解放军第401医院手外科收治的58例(其中男性41例,女性17例,年龄13-62岁,平均33.8岁)屈指肌腱在前臂损伤患者的伤因及手术方式进行回顾、分析总结并进行随访,分析其受伤严重程度、手术方式、术后功能锻炼情况。结果:术后随访54例,失访4例,随访时间为术后3~6个月。根据中华医学会手外科学会手功能评定试用标准评定54例前臂屈指肌腱损伤修复术后的患手的恢复情况,其中优31例,良16例,中5例,差2例。指浅、深屈肌腱同时损伤较单纯指浅屈肌腱损伤修复术后粘连发生率较高,手功能的优良率较低(P0.05),合理应用防粘连技术和术后进行系统功能锻炼的患者术后手功能的优良率分别较未合理应用防粘连技术和术后未进行系统功能锻炼的患者显著升高(P0.05)。结论:手术切口是否合理的延长,术中操作是否重视无创操作,是否合理的应用防粘连技术以及缺乏系统的功能锻炼以及肌腱断端吻合质量是影响前臂屈指肌腱修复术后功能恢复的重要因素。     

前臂屈指肌腱修复术后功能恢复的影响因素分析

目的：探讨影响前臂屈指肌腱修复术后功能恢复效果的因素,以利于制定合理的手术及康复方案。方法：对2011年1月～2012年10月解放军第401医院手外科收治的58例（其中男性41例,女性17例,年龄13．62岁,平均33．8岁）屈指肌腱在前臂损伤患者的伤因及手术方式进行回顾、分析总结并进行随访,分析其受伤严重程度、手术方式、术后功能锻炼情况。结果：术后随访54例,失访4例,随访时间为术后3-6个月。根据中华医学会手外科学会手功能评定试用标准评定54例前臂屈指肌腱损伤修复术后的患手的恢复情况,其中优31例,良16例,中5例,差2例。指浅、深屈肌腱同时损伤较单纯指浅屈肌腱损伤修复术后粘连发生率较高,手功能的优良率较低（P〈0．05）,合理应用防粘连技术和术后进行系统功能锻炼的患者术后手功能的优良率分别较未合理应用防粘连技术和术后未进行系统功能锻炼的患者显著升高（P〈0．05）。结论：手术切口是否合理的延长,术中操作是否重视无创操作,是否合理的应用防粘连技术以及缺乏系统的功能锻炼以及肌腱断端吻合质量是影响前臂屈指肌腱修复术后功能恢复的重要因素。     

The Long Term Impact of Cataract Surgery on Quality of Life,Activities and Poverty: Results from a Six Year Longitudinal Study in Bangladesh and the Philippines

Background

Cataract surgery has been shown to improve quality of life and household economy in the short term. However, it is unclear whether these benefits are sustained over time. This study aims to assess the six year impact of cataract surgery on health related quality of life (HRQoL), daily activities and economic poverty in Bangladesh and The Philippines.

Methods and Findings

This was a longitudinal study. At baseline people aged ≥50 years with visual impairment due to cataract (‘cases’) and age-, sex-matched controls without visual impairment were interviewed about vision specific and generic HRQoL, daily activities and economic indicators (household per capita expenditure, assets and self-rated wealth). Cases were offered free or subsidised cataract surgery. Cases and controls were re-interviewed approximately one and six years later. At baseline across the two countries there were 455 cases and 443 controls. Fifty percent of cases attended for surgery. Response rates at six years were 47% for operated cases and 53% for controls. At baseline cases had poorer health and vision related QoL, were less likely to undertake productive activities, more likely to receive assistance with activities and were poorer compared to controls (p<0.05). One year after surgery there were significant increases in HRQoL, participation and time spent in productive activities and per capita expenditure and reduction in assistance with activities so that the operated cases were similar to controls. These increases were still evident after six years with the exception that time spent on productive activities decreased among both cases and controls.

Conclusion

Cataract causing visual loss is associated with reduced HRQoL and economic poverty among older adults in low-income countries. Cataract surgery improves the HRQoL of the individual and economy of the household. The findings of this study suggest these benefits are sustained in the long term.     

Fingertip reconstructions using partial-toe transfers

Fifty-six partial toes were transferred to reconstruct fingertip deficits. The transfers from the big toe mainly consisted of 3 trimmed big toetips, 3 vascularized nail grafts, 3 onychocutaneous flaps, 19 thin osteo-onychocutaneous flaps, and 2 hemipulp flaps. The transfers from the second toe mainly consisted of 8 trimmed second toetips, 5 reduced second toes, and 9 whole distal phalanges. The average values of postoperative sensory recovery of the osteo-onychocutaneous flaps including the vascularized nail grafts were 3.1 (Semmes-Weinstein test) and 6.3 mm (moving two-point discrimination) at 2.6 years after the transfer; those of the thin osteo-onychocutaneous flaps were 3.1 and 7.2 mm at 2.0 years after surgery; those of the trimmed big toe tip transfers were 3.61 and 6.5 mm at 1.8 years after surgery; and those of the trimmed second toetip transfers were 3.37 and 6.3 mm at 2.6 years after transfer. Those of the distal phalanx of the second toe were 3.41 and 7.9 mm at 1.2 years after surgery, and those of the reduced second toe were 3.2 and 6.7 mm at 10.6 months after surgery.     

Life events and breast cancer prognosis.

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether psychosocial stress, in the form of adverse life events and social difficulties, depressive illness, or lack of confiding relationships, shortens the postoperative disease free interval in breast cancer patients. DESIGN--Prospective follow up of a cohort of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients for 42 months after primary surgical treatment, using a life events and social difficulties schedule (LEDS) and assessment of depressive symptomatology (DSM-III). SETTING--Patients recruited from breast clinics in Southampton and Portsmouth were interviewed in their homes. PATIENTS--204 women (83% of 246 consecutive cases) treated either by mastectomy or wide excision followed by radiotherapy interviewed four, 24, and 42 months after operation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Hazard ratios for relapse of breast cancer in relation to various measures of psychosocial stress. Relapse was defined as local recurrence or distant metastasis, or both, with histological or radiological confirmation and timed from the month when clinical symptoms began. RESULTS--After adjustment for age and axillary lymph node involvement, the hazard ratio associated with severe life events or social difficulties (excluding "own health" ones), or both, during the year before breast cancer surgery was 0.43 (95% confidence interval 0.20 to 0.93); for those during the follow up period it was 0.88 (0.48 to 1.64). For prolonged major depression before surgery and during the follow up period, hazard ratios were 1.26 (0.49 to 3.26) and 0.85 (0.41 to 1.79) respectively. For absence of a full confidant the figures were 0.93 (0.42 to 2.09) and 0.86 (0.38 to 1.93). CONCLUSION--These results give no support to the theory that psychosocial stress contributes to relapse of breast cancer.     

Psychosocial stress in pregnancy and its relation to low birth weight.

The relation of low birth weight to psychosocial stress in pregnancy was examined using a life events inventory and a state anxiety index. Two hundred and fifty women were randomly selected and interviewed three times during pregnancy and shortly after delivery. Twenty six were excluded. Of the remaining 224 women, nine miscarried, 195 had healthy term babies, and 20 gave birth to babies that were either premature or of low birth weight at term. Low birth weight and prematurity were significantly associated with objective major life events but not state anxiety. The occurrence of objective major life events in the third trimester may be important in precipitating preterm labour. Cigarette smoking was the best predictor and objective major life events the second best predictor of low birth weight. The result was not dependent on social class. These findings suggest that cigarette smoking may be an important mediator of stress on the fetus. Antenatal care should take greater account of stress in pregnancy, and social support systems should be evaluated.     

Should breast reduction surgery be rationed? A comparison of the health status of patients before and after treatment: postal questionnaire survey.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the health status of patients before and after breast reduction surgery and to make comparisons with the health status of women in the general population. DESIGN: Postal questionnaire survey sent to patients before and six months after surgery. SETTING: The three plastic surgery departments in the Oxford Regional Health Authority, during April to August 1993. SUBJECTS: 166 women (over the age of 16 years) referred for breast reduction; scores from the "short form 36" (SF-36) health questionnaire completed by women in the 1991-2 Oxford healthy life survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Health status of breast reduction patients before and after surgery as assessed by the SF-36, the 28 item general health questionnaire, and Rosenberg''s self esteem scale; comparisons between the health status of breast reduction patients and that of women in the general population; outcome of surgery as assessed retrospectively by patients. RESULTS: Differences between the health status of breast reduction patients and that of women in the general population were detected by the SF-36 both before and after surgery. Breast reduction surgery produced substantial change in patients'' physical, social, and psychological function. The proportion of cases of possible psychiatric morbidity according to the general health questionnaire fell from 41% (22/54) before surgery to 11% (6/54) six months after treatment. Eighty six per cent (50/58) of patients expressed great satisfaction with the surgical result postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The study provides empirical evidence that supports the inclusion of breast reduction surgery in NHS purchasing contracts.     

Lung Resection for Tuberculosis in Children

At the Nova Scotia Sanatorium from 1944 to 1959 lung resection for tuberculosis was carried out in 1257 instances. Of these, 44 operations were performed on 41 children from 5 to 15 years of age. Two patients had bilateral surgery, and in two others a second homolateral resection was necessary. Twenty-five per cent of the operations were done for the “middle lobe syndrome”, the remainder for the reinfection type of tuberculosis. Two children died, one in the early postoperative period, of pulmonary edema, and the other six years after a second homolateral resection for progression of her tuberculous disease. Complications occurred in 20% of cases, of which 18% were early and reversible. Thirty-eight of the survivors have fully recovered and the other has improved.Pulmonary resection is required infrequently in children with tuberculosis. When it is indicated, the results are excellent. These young patients withstand major thoracic surgery extremely well.     

保乳手术和改良根治手术在乳腺癌患者临床治疗的效果研究

目的:通过对比乳腺癌手术分别采用保乳手术和改良根治手术的治疗效果,探讨分析两种不同的手术方法的疗效差异,为临床治疗和相关研究提供参考。方法:选取88例乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,并以不同的临床手术治疗方法为依据,将两组患者分为研究组和对照组,各44例,就诊时间为2010年2月至2011年12月。研究组给予保乳手术,对照组给予改良根治手术。对两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率以及两组患者的躯体评分、心理评分、社会评分和精神评分等各项生存质量评分结果为观察指标。结果:研究组患者的手术时间小于对照组,研究组患者的住院时间短于对照组,研究组患者的并发症发生率低于对照组,研究组的术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者的躯体评分、心理评分、社会评分和精神评分等各项生存质量评分结果均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与改良根治手术相比较,采用保乳手术治疗乳腺癌的临床综合效果显著,患者的术后生活质量更好,是临床治疗乳腺癌的理想选择方式之一。     

Impact of intraoral soft-tissue reconstruction on the development of quality of life after ablative surgery in patients with oral cancer

The aim of this prospective study was to assess the impact of intraoral soft-tissue reconstruction on the development of quality of life after ablative surgery for oral cancer. A total of 107 patients were enrolled in the study during the period between 1997 and 1999. Quality of life was assessed by using the quality-of-life core questionnaire and the head and neck module of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. The questionnaires were distributed to the patients preoperatively on the day of hospital admission and 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. A total of 53 patients filled in all questionnaires and were available for complete longitudinal analysis. The changes in the scores and the impact of defect size, location, and anatomy, the extent of mandibular resection, and the mode of soft-tissue reconstruction were tested longitudinally for statistical significance by using repeated-measures analysis of variance procedures. Of all parameters tested, the mode of soft-tissue reconstruction had the most profound impact on the development of quality of life after ablative surgery for oral cancer in that it was associated with statistically significant changes in the most domains or items associated with postoperative quality of life. In contrast to local flaps, revascularized soft-tissue repair with forearm flaps was associated with an intermittent deterioration of physical and functional scores but was followed by improvement until the end of the first year, and it even surpassed the preoperative baseline level in oral functional and social domains. In large-volume defects, which required repair by myocutaneous grafts, quality of life was not restored to the same extent, and physical, functional, and social domains remained significantly lower.     

腹腔镜直肠癌根治术与开腹手术患者术后生活质量对比分析

目的:研究腹腔镜直肠癌根治术与开腹术患者术后生活质量的异同.方法:回顾性分析青医附院普外科2006年-2008年100例经腹腔镜直肠癌根治术的男性患者和开腹直肠癌根治术的100例男性患者,比较腹腔镜组和开腹组术后生活质量的并同.探讨腹腔镜直肠癌手术保留盆腔自主神经的可行性以及对术后性功能和排便功能的影响.并分析腹腔镜直肠癌手术对病人术后生活质量的影响.结果:腹腔镜组患者术后泌尿功能和性功能在术后一个月及术后一年均优于开腹组的病人(P＜0.05).术后排便功能无明显差异.结论:腹腔镜直肠癌手术能取得和开腹手术同样的临床疗效,并且可以明显提高患者术后的生活质量.     

CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP—A Study of Open Reduction After Failure of Conservative Treatment

In a study of 42 cases in which open reduction of congenital dislocation of the hip was carried out after conservative treatment had failed, the following observations were made (in a relatively short period of follow-up observation):No one pathological change, as observed at operation, was inordinately associated with failure of closed reduction.By far the highest incidence of successful results of open reduction was obtained in cases in which the operation was done in the second and third year of life.The highest incidence of successful operation, as appraised immediately after the procedure, was in patients more than one year and less than six years of age.Results as determined roentgenographically were in close agreement with results observed clinically.     

Survival rate of the cemented Charnley total hip endoprosthesis and modifying parameters]

AIM OF THE STUDY: To analyse survival of cemented Charnley prostheses, and influencing factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 539 patients (mean age: 62 years) undergoing 426 primary, and 200 revision Charnley hip arthroplasties, were examined. The indications for primary operation was idiopathic coxarthrosis in 239 cases (56.1%), and rheumatic coxarthrosis in 56 cases (13.1%). Reasons for revision surgery included aseptic loosening in 123 cases (61.5%), septic loosening in 36 cases (18%), and prosthetic fracture in 13 cases (6.5%). RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 4.4 years, patients were scored using the Merle d'Aubigne evaluation. The average postoperative score for primary operations was 14.8 points, and for revision surgery 13.1 points. The respective pre-operative scores were 8.2 and 8.1. Radiographic investigation revealed peri-articular calcifications in 28.4% of the primary operations, and in 28.5% of the revisions. Radiolucent lines or protrusions were found in 29.8% of the primary, and in 42.0% of the revisions. At follow-up, 45 implants in 41 patients had been replaced. Kaplan-Meier survival rates for the primary group were 99.6% after one year, 92.8% after five years, 78.3% after 10 years, and 45.9% after 15 years. The respective figures for the revision group were 98.2%, 85.3%, 59.7% and 31.3%. The largest difference was seen in the eleventh year. Patient age had no significant influence for the first 12 years. In the primary group, body mass index showed a significant influence only after 15 years. Analysis of the indications for surgery revealed a slightly higher survival rate in the arthrosis group (84%) vis-a-vis the dysplasia group (83.3%), and a significantly higher rate vis-a-vis patients with rheumatoid arthritis (42%). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Such factors as age, diagnosis and weight had an influence only over the long term. Significant differences between primary and revision operations were not found.     

Surgical and conservative treatment of patients with congenital scoliosis: α search for long-term results

Background

In view of the limited data available on the conservative treatment of patients with congenital scoliosis (CS), early surgery is suggested in mild cases with formation failures. Patients with segmentation failures will not benefit from conservative treatment. The purpose of this review is to identify the mid- or long-term results of spinal fusion surgery in patients with congenital scoliosis.

Methods

Retrospective and prospective studies were included, reporting on the outcome of surgery in patients with congenital scoliosis. Studies concerning a small numbers of cases treated conservatively were included too. We analyzed mid-term (5 to 7 years) and long-term results (7 years or more), both as regards the maintenance of the correction of scoliosis and the safety of instrumentation, the early and late complications of surgery and their effect on quality of life.

Results

A small number of studies of surgically treated patients were found, contained follow-up periods of 4-6 years that in the most cases, skeletal maturity was not yet reached, and few with follow-up of 36-44 years. The results of bracing in children with congenital scoliosis, mainly in cases with failure of formation, were also studied.

Discussion

Spinal surgery in patients with congenital scoliosis is regarded in short as a safe procedure and should be performed. On the other hand, early and late complications are also described, concerning not only intraoperative and immediate postoperative problems, but also the safety and efficacy of the spinal instrumentation and the possibility of developing neurological disorders and the long-term effect these may have on both lung function and the quality of life of children.

Conclusions

Few cases indicate the long-term results of surgical techniques, in the natural progression of scoliosis. Similarly, few cases have been reported on the influence of conservative treatment. In conclusion, patients with segmentation failures should be treated surgically early, according to the rate of deformity formation and certainly before the pubertal growth spurt to try to avoid cor- pulmonale, even though there is lack of evidence for that in the long-term. Furthermore, in patients with formation failures, further investigation is needed to document where a conservative approach would be necessary.     

小儿复发性肠套叠的微创治疗研究

目的：探讨小儿复发性肠套叠（套叠3 次及以上）的微创治疗。方法：回顾性分析2007 年12 月~2013 年1 月期间收治的21 例复发性肠套叠（套叠3 次及以上）患儿的临床资料。结果：21 例患儿均予以腹腔镜探查,3 例患儿仅发现回肠末端肠系膜淋巴结 增生,18 例探及原发病灶：其中Meckel憩室10 例,结肠息肉3 例,肠重复畸形2 例,非霍奇金淋巴瘤1 例,异位胰腺1 例,小肠腺 瘤1 例。20 例术后随访至今均未再次复发,1 例失访。结论：年龄＞2 岁,有多次复发肠套叠病史（套叠3 次及以上）,尤其是短期内 复发频繁的患儿,大多存在肠道器质性病变,应积极手术治疗,且以腹腔镜治疗为佳。     

假体隆胸患者手术前后生命质量和自尊的评估

目的:通过对接受假体法隆胸患者的手术前后的生命质量和自尊水平进行主观的评价,得到真实、可靠的手术效果评价结果,最终提高隆胸手术患者的满意度。方法:选取接受假体法隆胸术患者共60例,在手术之前、术后6个月使用SF-36生命质量量表和Rosenberg自尊量表进行生命质量状况和自尊状况的测量评估,并和常模进行比较。结果:接受假体法隆胸患者术前SF-36生命质量量表中社会功能(SF)和精神健康(MH)两项得分明显低于常模(P0.01);术后6个月量表中社会功能(SF)和精神健康(MH)两项水平有显著改善(P0.01);Rosenberg自尊量表显示患者术后6个月的自尊水平较术前有明显的改善(P0.001)。结论:假体法隆胸手术能使患者的生命质量得到一定程度的改善,隆胸手术对患者的自尊水平有积极的显著的影响。     

双吻合器在全直肠系膜切除低位直肠癌保肛手术中应用的探讨

目的探讨双吻合器在全直肠系膜切除低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用方法、并发症及临床效果。方法回顾性分析在全直肠系膜切除的基础上,应用双器械吻合技术,对48例中低位直肠癌行低位或超低位吻合的保肛手术方法,观察其术后并发症,以及术后排便功能,局部复发率。结果随访1～4年,低位吻合44例,超低位吻合4例。15例6个月内大便次数每天多于5次,6个月后大便次数均在每天3次以下,无大便失禁。吻合口漏1例,吻合口狭窄1例,吻合口出血3例,吻合口复发1例,全组无手术死亡。结论双吻合器能简化手术操作,维持正常排便功能,提高了生活质量。