Retention of Essential Oil Components Sorbed by Native Cornstarch during Storage

Changes in the content of essential oil components sorbed by native dry cornstarch during storage were studied by the method of capillary gas chromatography. The composition of volatile substances changed insignificantly, and the sample retained its organoleptic characteristics throughout storage for 3 months. Up to 70–80% of monoterpene hydrocarbons and lower sulfides disappeared after 6 months. The loss of terpene alcohols, acetates, and ketones did not exceed 10%. Storage was accompanied by an increase in the content of essential oil components bound to the surface of starch granules.     

两种精油熏蒸处理对金针菇贮藏品质的影响

为了开发高效的食用菌绿色保鲜剂,以新鲜的白色金针菇为供试材料,以花椒精油和丁香精油为供试熏蒸剂,分别在常温（25±1）℃和低温（4±1）℃条件下开展了适用于金针菇保鲜的精油种类和浓度的筛选试验,并对金针菇贮藏期内的感官评价、失重率、呼吸强度、褐变度、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性、丙二醛（MDA）以及总酚含量进行了测定。结果显示,常温（25±1）℃条件下用0.1 mL·kg-1花椒精油和0.5 mL·kg-1丁香精油保鲜效果优于其他处理,且有统计学意义（P<0.05）,0.1 mL·kg-1花椒精油和0.5 mL·kg-1丁香精油处理组感官评分分别高于对照组23.4%和27.8%,二者均能够抑制金针菇褐变、减轻腐败变质,且有统计学意义（P<0.05）;在低温（4±1）℃贮藏试验中发现,0.1 mL·kg-1花椒精油和0.5 mL·kg-1丁香精油均能有效抑制呼吸强度和PPO活性的升高（P<0.05）,其呼吸高峰较对照组分别降低了28.3%和39.6%;贮藏15 d后,精油处理组PPO活性较对照组分别降低了8.2%和16.6%;精油处理有效降低了MDA含量的产生,保持着较高的总酚含量、减轻腐烂褐变的程度。第15天时,对照组MDA含量为1.75 μmol·g-1,而花椒精油和丁香精油处理组MDA含量分别比对照组低0.15、0.40 μmol·g-1,丁香精油处理组显著低于花椒精油处理组和对照组（P<0.05）。研究结果表明,0.1 mL·kg-1花椒精油和0.5 mL·kg-1丁香精油均对金针菇采后贮藏保鲜效果显著,其中,0.5 mL·kg-1丁香精油的保鲜效果最明显,在15d的贮藏期内,金针菇依然保持着良好的品质,而对照组已经轻微褐变,部分开始腐烂。研究结果为花椒精油和丁香精油应用于金针菇采后贮藏保鲜提供了理论依据。     

密花香薷挥发油化学成分及其抗菌、抗病毒活性的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取密花香薷挥发油,测得密花香薷挥发油的得率为0.12％.利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对密花香薷挥发油的化学成分进行了分析研究,鉴定了26种化合物,占挥发油总量的76.04％.体外抗菌试验和抗病毒试验的结果表明:密花香薷挥发油具有抗菌和抗病毒作用.     

Antifungal activities of essential oils applied by dip-treatment on areca palm (Areca catechu) leaf sheath and persistence of their potency upon storage

The antifungal activities of cinnamon oil, clove oil, anise oil, and peppermint oil, and their main components (cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, trans-anethole, and menthol, respectively) against molds identified from areca palm leaf sheath (Mucor dimorphosporus, Penicillium sp., Aspergillus niger, and Rhizopus sp.) were investigated. An agar dilution method was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oils and their main components. Zone inhibition tests and the inhibitory effect of the leaf sheath dip-treated with essential oils against those molds were examined. Major components of essential oils on the leaf sheath during storage were quantified by gas chromatography analysis. The MIC values of essential oils on agar and on the leaf sheath were identical. With an MIC of 50 ??g ml⁻¹, cinnamon oil had the strongest inhibitory effect. At their MICs the oils were capable of providing protection against mold growth on the leaf sheath for at least 12 weeks during storage at 25 °C and 100% RH. Scanning electron microscope examination showed that essential oils prevented spore germination. Except for menthol in peppermint oil, the main components of the essential oils, which were fairly stable over the storage period, largely contributed to the antifungal activity.     

三种桉叶油化学成分研究

通过水蒸汽蒸油试验,发现已贮藏半年多的风干桉叶,仍有较高的含油量。云南省弥勒产的直杆桉(Eucalyptus maidenii)得油率为4.14％,蓝桉(E.globulus)为3.5％,福建省惠安产的窿缘桉(E.exserta)为1.2％,桉叶油生产厂也可以通过贮藏的风干桉叶生产桉叶油。通过气相色谱和质谱分析,从直杆桉叶油中鉴定出44个组份,蓝桉叶油中鉴定出35个组份,窿缘桉叶油中鉴定出26个组份。三种桉叶油单萜部分的组份基本一致,只是相对含量各有不同。桉油素含量,以直杆桉最高为68.02％,其次是蓝桉为67.54％,窿缘桉最低为34.33％。直杆桉、蓝桉可以怍材、油两用树种,窿缘桉不宜作油用树种。     

贮存年份对北艾和蕲艾精油成分与抑菌活性的影响研究

本文采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取了贮存0、1、2年的北艾和蕲艾精油,采用GC-MS检测精油化学成分,选取10种常见细菌,检测了其抗菌谱和最小杀菌浓度。结果发现:0、1年份北艾精油中小分子挥发性物质较多,随着贮存年份的增加,大分子挥发性物质随之增加;侧柏酮为蕲艾的特有成分。0年份艾叶精油的抑菌活性较高,对沙门菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、沙门菌耐药菌、绿脓杆菌均具有抑制作用。综上,不同贮存年份和品种的艾叶精油在化学成分、抗菌谱和抑菌活性方面均存在差异,综合考虑精油含量和抑菌活性,以0年份的北艾为原料提取精油最佳。     

大蒜化学成分的气-质联用分析

本文采用环己烷、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇对大蒜（Allium sativum L.）新鲜鳞茎的95%乙醇提取物进行萃取,并与水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油成分进行比较,用GC-MS对其成分进行定性和定量分析.在环己烷萃取物中共检出112个成分,鉴定了38个化合物,占环己烷萃取物总量的80.08%;在乙酸乙酯萃取物中检出86个成分,鉴定了26个化合物,占乙酸乙酯萃取物总量的56.70%;在正丁醇萃取物中未检出挥发性成分.在水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油中共检出109个成分,鉴定了29个化合物,占挥发油总量的83.58%.大蒜95%乙醇提取物的环己烷和乙酸乙酯萃取物及大蒜挥发油中皆以含硫化合物为主.在环己烷和乙酸乙酯萃取物中,阿霍烯的含量分别为生药的0.00395%和0.00145%,大蒜中阿霍烯含量达0.00540%.     

Agronomical and chemical characterization of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) originating in Turkey

The essential oil properties of spearmint (Mentha spicataL.), one of the most important spice plants, were studied and the essential oil components determined using gas chromatography. The essential oil content of wild-grown spearmint in the region was found to range from 1.00% to 2.00%, and two chemotypes were identified, one high in carvone (49.53-80.65%) and the other in pulegone (44.9-49.23%). Agronomic and essential oil properties of cultivated landraces ofM. spicata were also investigated under field conditions during the 1999 vegetation period. The examined spearmint landraces showed a great variability for each character studied, including yield and essential oil components. The crop was harvested twice during the vegetation period, and the essential oil content of the landraces varied from 0.90 to 2.70% in the first harvest and from 1.00 to 3.00% in the second one. Carvone was constantly present as the predominant essential oil in landraces, except for one sample, which was high in linalool (82.80%). Superior landraces with carvone contents were discovered; their maximum content reached 79.70% in the first cutting and 82.97% at the second cutting. The superior landraces were assayed for future improvement studies.     

Variation of Salvia fruticosa Essential Oils on the Island of Crete (Greece)

The essential oil content and composition of Salvia fruticosa (Greek sage) plants growing wild in 20 localities scattered on the island of Crete are studied. The results of our analyses have shown a noticeable variation in the essential oil content (ranging from 1.1 up to 5.1 %) and the amount of the four main oil components: 1,8-cineole (22.7 ? 64.2% of total oil), α-thujone (1.0 ? 19.2%) β-thujone (0.9 ? 25.6%) and camphor (0.8 ? 30.3%). Discriminant analysis revealed that the variation pattern of the essential oil content and the amount of the four main oil components is geographically related, following a W → E direction. Plants grown in Western Crete show a lower essential oil content and their oils are characterised by the predominance of 1,8-cineole. On the other hand, those collected from Eastern Crete exhibit higher values in essential oil content and their oils, besides 1,8-cineole, are rich in α- and β-thujone or camphor. Our findings are further discussed in relation to literature data.     

柚皮干制前后精油香气成分分析

为明确干制对柚皮中精油香气成分的影响,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取干制前后柚皮中精油,通过气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）对精油进行成分分析.结果表明,从鲜柚皮中共检出74种香气成分,占精油总质量分数的99.61%;从干柚皮中共检出45种香气成分,占精油总质量分数的99.45%;两者共有香气成分44种,相对质量分数分别为98.16%和99.41%.干制后柚皮香气成分中烯烃类化合物的相对质量分数增加;醇类、酯类和酮类化合物的相对质量分数减少.干制对柚皮主体香气成分影响不大.     

Analysis of the essential oil from the roots of Eupatorium cannabinum subsp. corsicum (L.) by GC, GC-MS and 13C-NMR

Eupatorium cannabinum subsp. corsicum (L.) is an endemic subspecies from the island of Corsica. The essential oil from the roots of this aromatic plant has been studied by GC, GC-MS and by 13C-NMR. In contrast to the essential oil from the aerial parts, which is dominated by hydrocarbon compounds (76.9%) and particularly by sesquiterpene components (43.3%), the essential oil from the roots was characterized by a high content of oxygenated compounds (61.0%), particularly oxygenated monoterpenes (54.0%). In the root oil, 106 components were identified representing 96.1% of the total amount. This oil was dominated by the monoterpenes esters (33%), the major components of which were neryl isobutyrate (17.6%), thymyl methyl oxide (15.1%), delta-2-carene (14.5%) and beta-pinene (5.7%). Aromatic esters, nerol derivatives (esters and diesters) and a benzofuran were investigated by GC-MS using different ionization modes including electron impact ionization, and positive- and negative-chemical ionization. These components have not previously been reported in the essential oil of aerial parts of E. cannabinum from Corsica island.     

肾叶天胡荽精油的超临界CO2萃取、成分分析及杀虫活性初探

采用正交实验设计,对肾叶天胡荽（Hydrocotyle wigordi Maxim．）精油超临界CO2萃取条件进行了优化,并用GC—MS分析技术对精油的化学成分进行了鉴定,初步探讨了肾叶天胡荽精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的触杀活性。结果表明,肾叶天胡荽精油超临界CO2萃取的最佳条件为萃取压力35MPa、萃取温度50℃、解析压力5MPa、解析温度40℃、萃取时间75min、CO2流量34—36L·h^-1,精油得率最高可达5．32％。从精油中共鉴定出19种成分,总相对含量达到89．266％,主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（64．302％）。用超临界CO2萃取技术提取的肾叶天胡荽精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫有一定的触杀作用,20g·L^-1精油对小菜蛾2龄幼虫的24h校正死亡率高达90．00％。     

兴安杜鹃叶中挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法对兴安杜鹃叶中的挥发性成分进行提取,并运用气相色谱—质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对其挥发性成分进行了系统的分离和鉴定。从兴安杜鹃叶中共鉴定出54种挥发性成分,占总馏出成分的97.84%。兴安杜鹃叶主要挥发性成分为桉叶醇(eduesmol),相对含量10.95%;β-愈创木烯(β-guaiene),相对含量10.21%;长叶醛(longifolenaldehyde),相对含量7.88%;1,5,9,9-四甲基-1,4,7-环十一碳三烯(1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-1,4,7-cy-cloundecatriene),相对含量7.80%;杜鹃酮(germacrone),相对含量5.91%;(-)-葎草烯环氧化物Ⅱ((-)-HumuleneepoxideⅡ),相对含量5.52%;2-庚基-1,3-二氧戊环(2-heptyl-1,3-dioxolane),相对含量4.99%;石竹烯(caryo-phyllene),相对含量3.70%;(+)-γ-古芸烯((+)-γ-gurjunene),相对含量3.44%。     

利用GC-MS技术分析三棱挥发油化学成分(英文)

本文采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取三棱挥发油化学成分,测得三棱挥发油的得率为3.19%.利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用方法从三棱挥发油中分离并确认出32种化学成分.用峰面积归一化法通过G1710BA化学站数据处理系统得出各化学成分在挥发油中的百分含量,其中主要成分为3,5,6,7,8,8a-六氢-4,8a-二甲基-6-(11-methylethyenyl)-2(1H)萘酮(12.95%),2,4,6,7,8,8a-六氢-5(1H)-黄酮(10.72%),十氢4a-甲基-1-萘(5.78%),3H-3a,7-甲撑甙菊环烃(5.69%).     

长白侧柏枝叶精油化学成分分析

长白侧柏枝叶精油化学成分分析戚继忠．孙广仁,杨文胜（南京林业大学,南京２１００３７）（吉林林学院,吉林１３２０１１）孙仁昌,薛峰（吉林省长白森林经营局,吉林１３４４００）关键词长白侧柏;精油;气－质联用;乙酸香芹酯Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎｔｈｅｃｈｅｍｉ...     

野生蜂窝草籽中挥发油的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从野生蜂窝草籽中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其挥发油中的化学组分进行分离和结构鉴定,运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各个组分的相对百分含量。从蜂窝草籽挥发油中鉴出56种成分,主要组分是油酸(12.57%),棕榈酸(10.36%),1-辛烯-3-醇(7.96%),石竹烯(5.98%),2,4,6-三甲基-1,3,6-庚三烯(5.63%)等。对蜂窝草籽挥发油进行了抗氧化实验和抗菌实验,结果表明蜂窝草籽挥发油对.OH有明显的清除作用,蜂窝草籽挥发油对实验菌株均有明显的抑制和灭活作用特别是对大肠杆菌ATCC25922株和肠炎沙门菌50040株的抗菌活性表现得更为显著。     

Effect of conditions and duration of storage on composition of essential oil from coriander seeds]

The composition of volatile components of the essential oil extracted from seeds of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) grown in different years in either Russia or Georgia was studied by capillary gas chromatography. Climatic conditions had a weaker effect on the essential oil composition than the region of growth. After one-year storage in the dark, minor changes were observed in the oil composition, and its organoleptic properties were virtually unchanged. However, the essential oil underwent significant chemical transformation of monoterpenes when stored in the light.     

香茅精油对桔小实蝇产卵驱避作用及其化学成份分析

研究了香茅Cymbopogon nardus精油对桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)的产卵驱避作用及其化学成分。结果表明,香茅精油对桔小实蝇产卵具有一定的驱避作用,不同浓度香茅精油处理芒果上的产卵量均显著低于对照,且随着香茅精油浓度的提高其产卵量逐渐减少,当浓度为10000μg/mL时,产卵驱避率为70.06%。采用气相色谱—质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析了香茅精油的化学成份,结果发现该精油挥发物中含量较高的是3-蒈烯,香茅醛,香叶醇,香茅醇,柠檬烯。     

西南风铃草挥发油的化学成分分析

西南风铃草（Campanula colorata Wall.）,又名岩兰花、土桔梗、土沙参,为桔梗科（Campanulaceae）风铃草属（Campanula Linn.）多年生草本植物,产于中国云南、贵州、四川和西藏,阿富汗和老挝等也有分布[1]。民间常以该种的根入药,主要用于治疗风湿、瘫痪、破伤风和虚痨咳血等[2]。有关风铃草属种类的研究多集中于生物学特性方面[3-4],对该属种类化学成分的研究报道尚不多见。     

裂叶荆芥不同部位香精油组成研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法,分别从裂叶荆芥的叶、茎和花三个不同部位提取香精油并进行气相色谱/质谱分析.结果发现,叶、茎、花的香精油分别含有23、29、26种组分.叶和花香精油的组成和含量基本相似,主要成分是含量分别为15.09%、14.51%的薄荷酮和29.26%、31.36%的(+)-胡薄荷酮等单萜化合物以及含量分别为17.09%、5.00%的α-律草烯等倍半萜.而茎香精油的萜类化合物含量较低,含薄荷酮为4.15%,(+)-胡薄荷酮为7.68%,但其乙酯含量相对较高,如(E)-9-十六碳烯酸乙酯含量为11.92%,异戊酸乙酯为9.38%.