蛋白质组学在信号转导研究中的应用

新近发展起来的蛋白质组学高通量技术引入到信号转导通路研究中,产生了一个新的研究领域：信号转导蛋白质组学。其作为功能蛋白质组学的一个重要组成部分,以研究信号转导通路以及其中的信号分子改变的蛋白质组学。克服了传统地针对单条信号转导通路以及其中的单个信号分子研究策略的局限性,能够在一次实验中系统地研究多条信号转导通路中的蛋白质一蛋白质间的相互作用、蛋白质磷酸化等翻译后修饰和下游靶蛋白的改变,有助于全面阐述信号转导通路,已成为一个新的研究热点。     

基于质谱的蛋白质组学信号网络研究进展

细胞信号转导网络调控着所有细胞和器官的生物学过程。以往信号转导网络的研究主要采用一些生物化学方法开展,如抗体技术。目前,基于质谱的大规模蛋白质组学研究可以在翻译后修饰、蛋白质互作及蛋白质表达水平上,系统地研究信号转导事件。基于蛋白质组学的大规模信号转导的研究将改变我们对信号转导网络的理解。从蛋白质组翻译后修饰、蛋白质互作及蛋白质表达3个方面综述了质谱在信号转导方面的研究。     

花粉蛋白质组学研究进展

花粉是高度退化的生物体（雄配子体）,在植物有性生殖过程中具有重要作用。解析花粉发育、花粉-柱头识别、萌发和花粉管生长等细胞学过程的分子机制是当前研究的热点问题之一。近年来,应用高通量的蛋白质组学技术平台,对水稻、拟南芥和裸子植物花粉的蛋白质组学研究揭示了花粉中表达蛋白质的功能类群特征。花粉中参与细胞壁代谢、蛋白质代谢、细胞骨架动态和信号转导的蛋白质被高度代表,并且近1／4蛋白质有多个同工型。本文综述了花粉蛋白质组学的研究进展。     

花粉蛋白质组学研究进展

花粉是高度退化的生物体(雄配子体), 在植物有性生殖过程中具有重要作用。解析花粉发育、花粉-柱头识别、萌发和花粉管生长等细胞学过程的分子机制是当前研究的热点问题之一。近年来, 应用高通量的蛋白质组学技术平台, 对水稻、拟南芥和裸子植物花粉的蛋白质组学研究揭示了花粉中表达蛋白质的功能类群特征。花粉中参与细胞壁代谢、蛋白质代谢、细胞骨架动态和信号转导的蛋白质被高度代表, 并且近1/4蛋白质有多个同工型。本文综述了花粉蛋白质组学的研究进展。     

植物蛋白质组学技术研究进展

蛋白质组学被认为是后基因组研究中的最主要部分.与基因组学相比较,蛋白质组学的研究内容更为复杂,同时也更为直观地揭示生命过程.近年来新的蛋白质组学研究技术层出不穷,极大地推动了生命科学的研究进展.简要介绍了蛋白质组学的概念、蛋白质组学的研究内容以及一些新的研究技术在植物中的应用等.     

植物细胞壁蛋白质组学研究进展

植物细胞壁蛋白质在细胞代谢和发育调控、细胞壁组分修饰、信号转导及胁迫响应等生物学事件中具有重要功能.最近,国内外学者开展了大量植物细胞壁蛋白质组学的研究工作,并取得了巨大进展.本文详述了细胞壁蛋白质的分类、提取、鉴定及生物信息学分析的最新进展,总结了植物细胞壁蛋白质组学的应用和面临的挑战,提出了植物细胞壁蛋白质组学研究的框架图,以期为植物细胞壁蛋白质组学的广泛研究提供借鉴.     

哺乳动物精子磷酸化蛋白质组学研究进展

蛋白质的表达、修饰及相互作用的研究已成为后基因组学时代蛋白质组学中的重要内容。蛋白质磷酸化和去磷酸化作为最普遍的翻译后修饰之一,是精子细胞信号转导和酶调控、表达的主要分子机制,亦是精子、卵细胞信号识别及完成受精作用的关键环节。对精子磷酸化蛋白功能的研究有助于深入理解精子的获能、超激活运动的维持、发生顶体反应及精卵结合等受精过程的分子调控机理。对哺乳动物精子磷酸化蛋白质组学的研究进展,包括动物精子磷酸化蛋白质组学研究的技术方法、磷酸化蛋白质种类的鉴定、定量及其功能分析进行了综述,为进一步发掘与受精相关的重要生物标志物,揭示精子发育、繁殖潜能变化及受精分子机理奠定基础。     

基于质谱的药物蛋白质组学研究

药物蛋白质组学是蛋白质组学技术在药物发现和药物开发过程中的应用。基于质谱的药物蛋白质组学是蛋白质组学的一个分支,在药物研发过程中起了越来越重要的作用。本文就近年来基于质谱的药物蛋白质组学在药物作用机制、药物潜在靶点的筛选及疾病的耐药性机制等研究中取得的进展进行综述。     

药物成瘾中的神经细胞骨架

神经细胞骨架对神经元功能有重要作用。药物成瘾会导致神经细胞病态发生,几乎在所有药物成瘾的蛋白质组学的研究中都能检测到细胞骨架蛋白的变化,细胞骨架蛋白在这个过程涉及神经细胞结构、突触可塑性、信号转导、功能蛋白的降解或修饰以及能量代谢等方面。本文综述了神经细胞骨架在药物成瘾中的研究。     

代谢物组学方法及其在植物学研究中的应用

代谢物是生物体受遗传控制和环境影响的最终表达产物,以全体代谢物(代谢物组)为研究对象的代谢物组学是继基因组学和蛋白质组学后必然出现的又一门"组学"技术。该文综述了代谢物组的检测、数据的处理和分析等以及这些技术在植物目标分析、基因功能、代谢途径和代谢工程、整合植物学、信号转导等研究中的应用和前景。     

Proteomic analysis of cellular signaling

Protein phosphorylation events are key regulators of cellular signaling processes. In the era of functional genomics, rational drug design programs demand large-scale high-throughput analysis of signal transduction cascades. Significant improvements in the area of mass spectrometry-based proteomics have provided exciting opportunities for rapid progress toward global protein phosphorylation analysis. This review summarizes several recent advances made in the field of phosphoproteomics with an emphasis placed on mass spectrometry instrumentation, enrichment methods and quantification strategies. In the near future, these technologies will provide a tool that can be used for quantitative investigation of signal transduction pathways to generate new insights into biologic systems.     

磷脂酶D(PLD)基因的结构、表达及其表达产物在信号转导中的作用

磷脂酶D(PLDEC 3 .1 .4.4)水解磷脂 (PL) ,磷脂构成生物膜的骨架 ,磷脂酶的激活不仅对细胞的结构和稳定性有很重要的作用 ,而且调控许多重要的细胞生理功能 ,例如PLD在信号转导、小泡运输、有丝分裂、激素作用的发挥、细胞骨架组装、防御反应以及种子萌发和衰老过程中都起重要作用。近年来它在跨膜信号转导中的重要作用 ,越来越引起人们的重视 ,成为新的研究热点。介绍了磷脂酶基因的结构特点、亚细胞定位、表达的激活抑制以及其表达产物作为胞内信号分子在植物信号转导中的重要作用。     

Proteomic analysis of cellular signaling

Protein phosphorylation events are key regulators of cellular signaling processes. In the era of functional genomics, rational drug design programs demand large-scale high-throughput analysis of signal transduction cascades. Significant improvements in the area of mass spectrometry-based proteomics have provided exciting opportunities for rapid progress toward global protein phosphorylation analysis. This review summarizes several recent advances made in the field of phosphoproteomics with an emphasis placed on mass spectrometry instrumentation, enrichment methods and quantification strategies. In the near future, these technologies will provide a tool that can be used for quantitative investigation of signal transduction pathways to generate new insights into biologic systems.     

Understanding signal transduction through functional proteomics

The study of signal transduction provides fundamental information regarding the regulation of all biologic processes that support the normal function of life. Functional proteomics, a rapidly emerging discipline that aims to understand the expression, function and regulation of the entire set of proteins in a given cell type, tissue or organism, offers unprecedented opportunity for signal transduction research in terms of understanding cellular behavior and regulation at the systems level. Indeed, swift progress in the area of proteomics has demonstrated the major impact of proteomic approaches on signal transduction and biomedical research. In this review, recent and innovative applications of functional proteomics in determining changes in protein contents, modifications, activities and interactions underpinning signaling transduction pathways are discussed.     

磷脂酶D（PLD）基因的结构、表达及其表达产物在信号转导中的作用

磷脂酶D(PLD EC 3.1.4.4)水解磷脂(PL),磷脂构成生物膜的骨架, 磷脂酶的激活不仅对细胞的结构和稳定性有很重要的作用,而且调控许多重要的细胞生理功能,例如PLD在信号转导、小泡运输、有丝分裂 、激素作用的发挥、细胞骨架组装、防御反应以及种子萌发和衰老过程中都起重要作用。近年来它在跨膜信号转导中的重要作用，越来越引起人们的重视，成为新的研究热点。介绍了磷脂酶基因的结构特点、亚细胞定位、表达的激活抑制以及其表达产物作为胞内信号分子在植物信号转导中的重要作用。     

Understanding signal transduction through functional proteomics

The study of signal transduction provides fundamental information regarding the regulation of all biologic processes that support the normal function of life. Functional proteomics, a rapidly emerging discipline that aims to understand the expression, function and regulation of the entire set of proteins in a given cell type, tissue or organism, offers unprecedented opportunity for signal transduction research in terms of understanding cellular behavior and regulation at the systems level. Indeed, swift progress in the area of proteomics has demonstrated the major impact of proteomic approaches on signal transduction and biomedical research. In this review, recent and innovative applications of functional proteomics in determining changes in protein contents, modifications, activities and interactions underpinning signaling transduction pathways are discussed.     

白念珠菌菌丝发育的遗传调控

白念珠菌(Candidaalbicans)是人体内最重要的机会型致病真菌,能以酵母、假菌丝、菌丝等多种形态存在。白念珠菌的菌丝发育与它的致病性成正相关,这一过程由胞内多种信号转导途径所调控。现对控制白念珠菌菌丝发育的主要信号转导途径进行综述。     

The Src family of tyrosine protein kinases in hemopoietic signal transduction.

The Src family of tyrosine protein kinases represent an expanding class of closely related intracellular enzymes that participate in the signal transduction pathways of a variety of surface receptors. One of the more surprising aspects of the information relating Src protein kinases to receptor signaling is the apparent diversity of receptor types with which the Src-related enzymes are reported to interact physically or functionally. Traditional biochemical and genetic approaches have yielded much information regarding the interactions between the Src tyrosine protein kinases and other cellular proteins in defined cell types, and emerging technologies, most notably homologous recombination in embryonal stem cells to achieve gene "knockouts," are providing new insights into the participation of the Src-related gene products in signal transduction and development.     

Morituri te salutant? Olfactory signal transduction and the role of phosphoinositides

During the past 150 years, researchers have investigated the cellular, physiological, and molecular mechanisms underlying the sense of smell. Based on these efforts, a conclusive model of olfactory signal transduction in the vertebrate's nose is now available, spanning from G-protein-mediated odorant receptors to ion channels, which are linked by a cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-mediated signal transduction cascade. Here we review some historical milestones in the chronology of olfactory research, particularly emphasising the role of cyclic nucleotides and inositol trisphosphate as alternative second messengers in olfactory cells. We will describe the functional anatomy of the nose, outline the cellular composition of the olfactory epithelium, and describe the discovery of the molecular backbone of the olfactory signal transduction cascade. We then summarize our current model, in which cyclic adenosine monophosphate is the sole excitatory second messenger in olfactory sensory neurons. Finally, a possible significance of microvillous olfactory epithelial cells and inositol trisphosphate in olfaction will be discussed.