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高等植物中的蛋白磷酸酶与信号传递途径 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
栾升 《Acta Botanica Sinica》1998,40(10):883-889
蛋白激酶与蛋白磷酸酶在细胞信号传递中起着重要作用。有关高等植物中蛋白激酶的研究工作已经较多,但关于蛋白磷酸酶的研究在以前却未受到足够的重视。本文主要介绍最近有关蛋白磷酸酶在高等植物的信号传递中有重要作用的研究工作。这些与蛋白磷酸酶有关的信号传递途径包括气孔运动调节与脱落酸的信号转导、植物对病原及逆境的响应以及植物发育的调控。这些研究工作清楚地证明,蛋白磷酸酶的功能不仅表现为蛋白激酶功能的逆向平衡机制,而且在许多信号传递过程中蛋白磷酸酶起着主导作用。 相似文献
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LUAN Sheng 《植物学报(英文版)》1998,40(10)
Protein kinases and phosphatases play a central role in cellular signaling. Although protein kinases have been widely studied in higher plants, protein phosphatases have been largely neglected until recently. The article focuses on the most recent studies that have placed protein phosphatases in the context of several signal cascades in higher plants. These pathways include stomatal regulation and abscisic acid signal transduction, pathogen and stress responses, and developmental control. Studies clearly have demonstrated that protein phosphatases function not only to counterbalance the protein kinases but also take a leading role in many signaling processes. 相似文献
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蛋白质组中蛋白质磷酸化研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着后基因组时代的到来 ,对生命体器官、组织或细胞的全部蛋白质的表达、修饰及相互作用的研究已成为蛋白质组学的重要任务。蛋白质磷酸化是细胞内信号转导和酶调控最常见的机制之一 ,人类基因组约 2 %的基因编码 5 0 0种激酶和 10 0种磷酸酶。蛋白质磷酸化和去磷酸化作为原核和真核细胞表达调控的关键环节 ,了解其对功能的影响可以深入理解生命系统在分子水平的调控状况。目前蛋白质组磷酸化研究仍是功能基因组面临的重大课题 ,本文对此作一综述 相似文献
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The availability of zinc has a regulatory role in the immune system. It can have either pro- or anti-inflammatory effects,
which both seem to be a consequence of a direct interaction of zinc with the cytokine secretion by monocytes. In this review,
the molecular basis for this effect, the interaction of zinc with the signal transduction of monocytes, is discussed. In particular,
zinc seems to activate or inhibit several signaling pathways that interact with the signal transduction of pathogen sensing
receptors, the so-called Toll-like receptors (TLR), which sense pathogen-derived molecular structures and, upon activation,
lead to secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The interaction of zinc with protein tyrosine phosphatases and protein kinase
C, and a direct modulation of lipopolysaccharide binding to its receptor (TLR-4) all result in enhanced cytokine production.
On the other hand, a complex interaction between zinc, NO and cyclic nucleotide signaling, and inhibition of interleukin-1
receptor associated kinase-1, and inhibitor of kappa B kinase all counteract the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
A role for the zinc binding protein metallothionein as a regulator for intracellular zinc signaling is discussed. By acting
on all these signaling molecules, the zinc status of monocytes can have a direct effect on inflammation. 相似文献
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Zhuang Liu Mingming Xiao Yaqi Mo Han Wang Yamei Han Xu Zhao Xue Yang Zhenxing Liu Bo Xu 《International journal of biological sciences》2022,18(8):3447
Protein palmitoylation is an increasingly investigated form of post-translational lipid modification that affects protein localization, accumulation, secretion and function. Recently, emerging findings have revealed that protein palmitoylation is crucial for many tumor-related signaling pathways, such as EGFR, RAS, PD-1/PD-L1 signaling, affecting the occurrence, progression and therapeutic response of tumors. Protein palmitoylation and its modifying enzymes, including palmitoylases and depalmitoylases, are expected to be new targets for effective tumor treatment. Recognizing the significance of palmitoylation modification on protein stability, localization and downstream signal regulation, this review focuses on the regulatory roles of protein palmitoylation and its modifying enzymes in tumor cell signal transduction, aiming to bring new ideas for effective cancer prevention and treatment. 相似文献
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蛋白质分子中酪氨酸残基可逆性的磷酸化是细胞内信号分子传导的基本方式。两类作用相反的酶参与磷酸化的调节:蛋白酪氨酸激酶(protein tyrosinekinase,PTK)和蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶(protein tyrosine phosphatase,PTP)。含脯氨酸-谷氨酸-丝氨酸-苏氨酸(P-E-S-T)结构域的蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶(PTP-PEST)属于非受体型酪氨酸磷酸酶类,其本身能与多种蛋白质相互作用,并在细胞迁移、免疫细胞活化和胚胎发育等生理过程中发挥重要作用。本文对PTP-PEST的结构特点、生理功效、介导的信号传导途径和近年来PTP-PEST在疾病中的作用作一综述。 相似文献
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植物赤霉素矮化突变体研究进展 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
赤霉素(GAs)在植物种子萌发、茎的伸长和花的发育等方面起着非常重要的作用。近年来,随着研究手段和技术不断进步,对赤霉素(GA)生物合成和信号传导过程中相关基因的研究取得了惊人的进展。与GA有关的矮化突变体主要有GA缺陷型和不敏感型两类,本文对与GA生物合成和信号传导过程中有关的这两类矮突变体的研究进展进行综述。对这些这些突变体的研究促进了对赤霉素生物合成和信号传导途径的认识,同时为赤霉素更好地利用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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β-catenin(β-连环素)是一种由位于染色体3p21—22的CTNNB1基因编码的具有介导细胞间黏附及信号转导等多重功能的重要分子,其通过与多种蛋白质结合调控细胞的增殖和分化,在胚胎发育和肿瘤发生中发挥关键作用。近年来,越来越多的研究证实经典Wnt通路的异常激活在肝癌中具有重要作用,而作为Wnt信号转导通路中枢纽分子的β-catenin的异常表达与肝癌的发生、发展密切相关。就近几年β-catenin分子生物学功能及其在肝癌研究中的进展进行简要综述,为进一步阐明β-catenin在肝癌中的作用机理及以β-catenin为靶点的临床治疗提供理论依据。 相似文献
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磷酸化病毒蛋白的生物学功能及形成机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
磷酸化是病毒蛋白常见的一种翻译后修饰,在调控病毒与宿主的代谢中起重要作用。生物体内的代谢活动与细胞内的信号转导密切相关,通过磷酸化和去磷酸化修饰可改变蛋白生物活性,从而调控胞内生物信号的传递。磷酸化修饰的病毒蛋白参与调控病毒复制、病毒增殖和病毒粒子装配等一系列病毒的代谢活动,同时也影响宿主细胞内的信号转导,抑制宿主基因组复制和表达。本文就病毒蛋白的磷酸化修饰位点、其生物学功能及磷酸化修饰的分子机制进行综述,为病毒感染性疾病的防控治疗及药物开发提供参考。 相似文献
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Leptin-induced signal transduction pathways 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
Leptin is a multifunctional cytokine and hormone that primarily acts in the hypothalamus and plays a key role in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. In addition, it has direct effects on many cell types on the periphery. Leptin acts through its receptor, the product of the db gene, which has six isoforms. Only one of them (OB-Rb) has full signalling capabilities and is able to activate the Jak/STAT pathway, the major pathway used by leptin to exert its effects. However, some signalling events can be initiated by the short isoforms. Besides Jak/STAT, other pathways, such as MAPK and the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, are also involved in leptin signalling. Leptin also interacts with insulin signalling. In this paper, we give an overview of the signal transduction mechanisms that are related to the actions of leptin. 相似文献
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Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is central to signal transduction in nearly every aspect of cellular function, including cardiovascular regulation and diseases. While protein kinases are often regarded as the molecular drivers in cellular signaling with high specificity and tight regulation, dephosphorylation mediated by protein phosphatases is also gaining increasing appreciation as an important part of the signal transduction network essential for the robustness, specificity and homeostasis of cell signaling. Metal dependent protein phosphatases (PPM, also known as protein phosphatases type 2C, PP2C) belong to a highly conserved family of protein phosphatases with unique biochemical and molecular features. Accumulating evidence also indicates important and specific functions of individual PPM isoform in signaling and cellular processes, including proliferation, senescence, apoptosis and metabolism. At the physiological level, abnormal PPM expression and activity have been implicated in major human diseases, including cancer, neurological and cardiovascular disorders. Finally, inhibitors for some of the PPM members have been developed as a potential therapeutic strategy for human diseases. In this review, we will focus on the background information about the biochemical and molecular features of major PPM family members, with emphasis on their demonstrated or potential roles in cardiac pathophysiology. The current challenge and potential directions for future investigations will also be highlighted. 相似文献
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Early events in the elicitation of plant defence 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Plants successfully use inducible defence mechanisms to combat potential pathogens. Elicitors are signaling compounds that
stimulate any of such defence responses. Recent progress in the isolation of pure elicitors has made possible investigations
on elicitor-binding proteins which might function as receptors in signal transduction pathways that ultimately activate the
defences. The elicitor-binding sites studied so far show a high degree of ligand specificity, as do the candidate binding
proteins identified for some of the ligands. Following elicitor perception, a number of rapid reactions are detectable in
plant cells, including enhanced ion fluxes across the plasma membrane, formation of reactive oxygen intermediates, changes
in protein phosphorylation, and lipid oxidation. Intriguing questions arising from these observations are whether the elicitor-binding
proteins constitute receptors in plant defence signaling and whether any of the rapid events participate in signal transduction
during defence activation.
Received: 17 November 1997 / Accepted: 22 April 1998 相似文献
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蛋白质可逆磷酸化调节植物细胞离子跨膜运动研究进展 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
蛋白激酶和蛋白磷酸酶催化的可逆磷酸化是植物细胞中多种信号转导途径中重要的组成因子.本文对蛋白质可逆磷酸化通过调节多种离子跨膜运动而参与植物细胞激发子信号途径、毒性物质诱导的钙离子内流、盐胁迫适应、气孔运动以及蛋白质可逆磷酸化参与胞外与胞内之间Ca2 状况信息传递,调节花粉管顶端Ca2 离子通道活性进行综述,以揭示蛋白质可逆磷酸化在植物细胞离子跨膜运动中的调控作用,为蛋白质可逆磷酸化调节植物生长发育、响应逆境胁迫等机理的研究提供参考. 相似文献