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1.
Tanja Goyarts Klaus-Peter Brüssow Hana Valenta Ute Tiemann Kathrin Jäger Sven Dänicke 《Mycotoxin Research》2010,26(2):119-131
Six pregnant sows of 180.6 ± 5.6 kg were fed either a Fusarium-contaminated (4.42 mg DON and 48.3 μg ZON per kg, DON per os, n = 3) or a control diet (0.15 mg DON and 5 μg ZON/kg) in the period of days 63 and 70 of gestation. On day 63 of gestation,
sows fed the control diet were implanted with an intraperitoneal osmotic minipump (delivery rate of 10 μL/h, for 7 days) containing
50 mg pure (98%) DON in 2 ml 50% DMSO (DON ip, n = 3). Frequent plasma samples were taken to estimate the kinetics after oral and ip DON exposure. The intended continuous
delivery of DON by the intraperitoneal minipump could not be shown, as there was a plasma peak (Cmax) of 4.2–6.4 ng DON/mL either immediately (sow IP-2+3) or 2.5 h (sow IP-1) after implantation of the pump followed by a one-exponential
decline with a mean half-time (t1/2) of 1.75–4.0 h and only negligible DON plasma concentrations after 12 h. Therefore, the DON ip exposure has to be regarded
as one single dose 1 week before termination of experiment. The DON per os sows showed a mean basis level (after achieving
a steady state) of DON plasma concentration of about 6–8 ng/mL, as also indicated by the plasma DON concentration at the termination
of the experiment. On day 70, caesarean section was carried out, the fetuses were killed immediately after birth, and samples
of plasma, urine, and bile were taken to analyze the concentration of DON and its metabolite de-epoxy-DON. At necropsy there
were no macroscopic lesions observed in any organ of either sows or piglets. Histopathological evaluation of sows liver and
spleen revealed no alterations. The proliferation rate of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with or without stimulation
was not affected by the kind of DON treatment. The exposure of pregnant sows at mid-gestation (days 63–70, period of organogenesis)
to a Fusarium toxin-contaminated diet (4.42 mg DON and 0.048 mg ZON per kg) or pure DON via intraperitoneal osmotic minipump did not cause
adverse effects on health, fertility, maintenance of pregnancy, and performance of sows and their fetuses. However, DON was
detected in fetus plasma, indicating that this toxin can pass the placental barrier and may cause changes in the proportion
of white blood cells (lower monocyte and neutrophil and higher lymphocyte proportion in DON per os fetuses). 相似文献
2.
Andreas Gutzwiller 《Mycotoxin Research》2010,26(3):211-215
A diet contaminated with 2.8 mg deoxynivalenol (DON)/kg was fed at 6 kg per day to 32 mycotoxin-exposed pluriparous sows (M)
during lactation. The 31 control sows (C) received 6 kg of an uncontaminated diet. Although more contaminated diet was refused
(P = 0.05), DON exposure had no effect (P > 0.1) on body weight loss of the sows during lactation (M: 27.9 ± 12.3 kg; C: 29.7 ± 10.2 kg), the number of weaned piglets
(M: 9.8 ± 1.4; C: 9.7 ± 1.6) and their daily weight gain (M: 266 ± 70 g; C: 272 ± 64 g). Several sows were culled after weaning
for reasons unrelated to the experiment. Compared with the remaining 21 C sows, the remaining 26 M sows had an identical interval
between weaning and the next farrowing (M: 120 ± 1 days; C: 120 ± 1 days) and a similar litter size (M: 14.5 ± 2.7; C: 14.9 ± 3.0;
P > 0.10). The daily intake of 17 mg DON during lactation thus did not affect the reproductive performance of the sows. 相似文献
3.
Concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) and deepoxy deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) in animal blood are important parameters for studies
in toxicology and biological detoxification of DON. Clean-up methods, using either immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) or
solid phase extraction (SPE), were compared in order to determine the free form of DON or DOM-1 and the sum amount (free form
plus glucuronide conjugated form of DON or DOM-1), respectively, in swine serum. Detection was achieved by high performance
liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). Compared with the SPE-HPLC method, the IAC-HPLC method provided
lower quantitation limit (DON: 18 vs 42 ng/ml; DOM-1: 21 vs 30 ng/ml) and higher recoveries (DON: 93.4–102.7% vs 63.7–85.3%;
DOM-1: 85.5–91.1% vs 68.0–82.6%). Compared with previously published methods, the developed IAC-HPLC method removed analytical
interferences from swine serum in one quick and easy step, and eliminated steps of extraction with organic solvent and/or
pre-purification using SPE cartridges. This IAC-HPLC method was used to analyze swine serum samples collected from pigs that
were evaluated in a feeding trial of a microbiological detoxification of DON. No DON or DOM-1 were detected in serum samples
from pigs given a toxin-free diet or a microbial control diet. In serum samples from pigs given a DON diet (5 mg/kg of DON),
free form DON and sum free DON + conjugated DON were 38.8 ± 13.7 and 49.8 ± 14.1 ng/ml, respectively. In serum samples from
those given a detoxified-DON diet (DON was transformed to DOM-1), free form DOM-1 was detected but not quantified, and the
sum DOM-1 was found as 47.5 ± 6.3 ng/ml. 相似文献
4.
Effect of High Dietary Copper on Somatostatin and Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Levels in the Hypothalami of Growing Pigs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yang W Wang J Liu L Zhu X Wang X Liu Z Wang Z Yang L Liu G 《Biological trace element research》2011,143(2):893-900
This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of dietary copper supplementation on somatostatin (SS) and growth hormone-releasing
hormone (GHRH) mRNA expression levels in the hypothalami of growing pigs. A total of 45 crossbred pigs were randomly assigned
to three groups of 15 pigs each; five replicates of three animals comprised each group. Pigs were allocated to diets that
contained 5 mg/kg copper (control), 125 mg/kg copper sulfate, or 125 mg/kg copper methionine. At the end of the experiment,
five pigs were selected at random from each group and slaughtered, and hypothalami were collected for determination of SS
and GHRH mRNA expression levels. The results showed that the SS expression levels were lower and the GHRH levels were higher
in pigs fed the diets with 125 mg/kg copper methionine (P < 0.05) and 125 mg/kg copper sulfate (P < 0.05), respectively, than in pigs fed the diet with 5 mg/kg copper. Furthermore, the relationship between SS mRNA and GHRH
mRNA abundance had a significantly negative correlation (P < 0.05). The data indicated that high dietary copper could enhance GHRH mRNA expression levels and suppress SS mRNA expression
levels in the hypothalami of pigs. High lever dietary copper (125 mg/kg copper sulfate or 125 mg/kg copper methionine) increased
pigs’ growth performance and feed efficiency but had no significant effect on daily feed intake; 125 mg/kg copper sulfate
or 125 mg/kg copper methionine at the same lever had no difference on growth promoting in pigs. 相似文献
5.
Effects of Zinc Glycine Chelate on Oxidative Stress,Contents of Trace Elements,and Intestinal Morphology in Broilers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wenqiang Ma Haihua Niu Jiang Feng Yong Wang Jie Feng 《Biological trace element research》2011,142(3):546-556
Three hundred and sixty healthy Ross × Ross 1-day-old broilers were used to study the effects of zinc glycine chelate (Zn-Gly)
on oxidative stress, contents of trace elements, and intestinal morphology. All broilers were randomly assigned to six treatment
groups, which replicates three times. Diets were as follows: (1) control (containing 29.3 mg zinc (Zn)/kg basic diet (0–21 days)
and 27.8 mg Zn/kg (22–42 days)); (2) basic diet plus 30 mg Zn/kg from Zn-Gly; (3) basic diet plus 60 mg Zn/kg from Zn-Gly;
(4) basic diet plus 90 mg Zn/kg from Zn-Gly; (5) basic diet plus 120 mg Zn/kg from Zn-Gly; and (6) positive control, basic
diet plus 120 mg Zn/kg from zinc sulfate (ZnSO4). The results showed that the addition of 90 or 120 mg/kg Zn-Gly led to an improvement of activity of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase
and glutathione peroxidase and a reduction of malondialdehyde content in livers at 21 and 42 days. With 90 mg/kg Zn-Gly, the
content of sera zinc increased by 17.55% (P < 0.05) in 21-day broilers and 10.77% (P > 0.05) in 42-day broilers compared with that of the control. Adding 120 mg/kg Zn-Gly or ZnSO4 to broilers' diets greatly enhanced the content of zinc in feces at 21 days (P < 0.05) and at 42 days (P < 0.05). For 42-day chickens, increased villus height and decreased crypt depth of the jejunum could be observed in the second
growth stage of broilers fed with 90 mg/kg Zn-Gly. Also, intestinal wall thickness decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, adding 90 mg/kg Zn-Gly to the diet markedly elevated villus length of duodenum and decreased crypt
depth of ileum (P < 0.05) in 42-day broilers. 相似文献
6.
The purpose of this study was to examine oxidative stress induced by dietary vanadium in the mucosa of different parts of
intestine including duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecal tonsil. A total of 420 1-day-old avian broilers were divided into
six groups and fed on a corn–soybean basal diet as control diet or the same basal diet supplemented with 5, 15, 30, 45, and
60 mg/kg vanadium as ammonium metavanadate. During the experimental period of 42 days, oxidative stress parameters were determined
for both control and experimental groups. The results showed that malondialdehyde content was significantly higher (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) in 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg groups than in control group. In contrast, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase,
and glutathione peroxidase, and ability to inhibit hydroxyl radical, and glutathione hormone content were significantly decreased
(p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) mainly in 45 and 60 mg/kg groups in comparison with those of control group. However, the abovementioned oxidative
stress parameters were not significantly changed (p > 0.05) in 5 and 15 mg/kg groups. It was concluded that dietary vanadium in excess of 30 mg/kg could cause obvious oxidative
stress in the intestinal mucosa, which could impact the antioxidant function of intestinal tract in broilers. 相似文献
7.
The Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) often co-occurs along with the acetylated derivatives 3-acetyl-DON and 15-acetyl-DON in diets
for ruminants. De-epoxy-DON is formed by rumen micro-organisms, while the acetylated DON derivatives might also undergo ruminal
metabolism with de-epoxy-DON as an end product. However, despite the fact that de-epoxy-DON is the predominant substance finally
absorbed, a complete degradation of the mother compounds can not be assumed for all feeding and metabolic situations of the
cow, and thus raising the question of their possible post-absorptive effects. Hence, the aim of the study was to examine the
effects of all four compounds on the concanavalin A stimulated proliferation of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells
(PBMC) using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) as indicator in vitro and ex vivo. Among
the DON-related compounds, DON and 15-acetyl-DON resulted in a similar IC50 (i.e. the concentration where the proliferation was inhibited by 50%) of 0.5 μM, whereas 3-acetyl-DON was less toxic (IC50 = 2.6 μM), while actually no IC50 could be estimated for de-epoxy-DON which was characterized by a maximum inhibition of approximately 24% at the highest tested
in vitro concentration of 18.29 μM. For the in vivo experiment, 14 Holstein cows were used and fed either an uncontaminated control diet (CON) or a diet contaminated
with Fusarium toxins, with DON being the predominating toxin for 18 weeks when blood was collected for PBMC isolation and subsequent proliferation/viability
assay. The complete diets for the CON and FUS group contained 0.4 and 4.6 mg DON/kg DM, respectively, at that time. Exposure
of dairy cows to the FUS diet resulted in maximum serum de-epoxy-DON levels of 52 ng/ml (0.19 μM), while levels of the unmetabolized DON reached maximum levels of 9 ng/ml (0.03 μM). The PBMC of these cows were slightly less viable, by approximately 18% (p = 0.057), while stimulation capability was not decreased at the same time. Although de-epoxy-DON was characterized by the
lowest in vitro toxicity among the tested DON-related compounds, there appeared to be a lower viability of the PBMC isolated
from cows fed the FUS diet, which had nearly exclusively de-epoxy DON in serum beside slight traces of unmetabolized DON.
Thus, the factors responsible for these apparent discrepancies need to be clarified. 相似文献
8.
TheFusarium toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is known to exert immunomodulatory effects. Numerous studies in mice demonstrated that dietary
exposure leads to an upregulation of polymeric serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) suggesting the mucosal immune system as a primary
target while at the cellular level T cells and macrophages are involved in this process.
The present study aimed to verify these effects in pigs. A total of 24 male pigs were subjected to four treatments, a control
group fed a diet devoid of DON, a chronically exposed group receiving a diet containing contaminated wheat (5.7 mg DON/kg
diet), an acute orally exposed group receiving only one meal (550 g) of the contaminated feed and an acute intravenous exposed
group receiving 53 μg DON/kg body weight. Cryosections of the spleen and the jejunum of the pigs were immunohistologically
stained for IgA+, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells. The number of positive stained cells did not differ significantly between the
treatment groups and the control group of any of the specimen. 相似文献
9.
Effect of deoxynivalenol (DON) on growing pigs and its modification by modified yeast cell wall or modified yeast cell wall and bentonite 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The study examined effect of two adsorbents on the toxicity of Deoxynivalenol (DON) in growing pigs in a feeding trial. 24
male growing pigs (average initial body weight 11.5 kg) were assigned to one of six dietary treatments: control (uncontaminated
diet); control + 0.5% adsorbent I; DON contaminated diet (1.73 mg/kg); DON contaminated diet + 0.5% adsorbent I; control +
0.5% adsorbent II and DON contaminated diet + 0.5% adsorbent II. Two digestibility trials were conducted on the second and
fourth week of the feeding period with a sampling period of 7 days to determine the digestibility of the nutrients and the
amounts of DON in faeces and urine. At the end of the experiments, the pigs were slaughtered, followed by blood haematology
and biochemi analys. These data suggest that the addition of 0.5% modified yeast cell wall or a combination of modified yeast
cell wall and bentonite to the naturally DON — contaminated diets reduce the effect of DON on the immune system of pigs but
do not play an significant role in detoxification of DON in growing pigs. 相似文献
10.
Sven Dänicke Günther Pahlow Tanja Goyarts Dirk Rohweder Katrin Wilkerling Gerhard Breves Hana Valenta Susanne Döll 《Mycotoxin Research》2009,25(4):215-223
Unground triticale kernels contaminated with 6.63 mg deoxynivalenol (DON) per kg dry matter were stored for up to 63 days
at total moisture contents of 13 and 15% in order to study the time-dependent kinetics of DON concentration in dependence
on graded levels of sodium metabisulfite [0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 g Na2S2O5 (SBS) per kg], and in the absence and presence of 10 g propionic acid (PA) per kg. The DON concentration decreased with increasing
amounts of supplemented SBS and with increasing duration of the preservation period in a bi-exponential fashion when SBS addition
was ≥3 g/kg. Lower SBS concentrations yielded inconsistent results. The maximum measured DON reductions after adding 5 g SBS/kg
were 3 and 4% of the initial DON concentration after 63 days in the absence and presence of PA at moisture contents of 15%,
while the corresponding recovery for the variants preserved at 13% amounted to 21 and 11%, respectively. The 12 variants preserved
without PA supplementation were more frequently contaminated by moulds and yeasts (n = 5) than the corresponding variants stored together with PA (n = 1). The overall results and regressive evaluations do suggest that the highest SBS addition of 5 g/kg triticale at a moisture
content of 15% preserved for 63 days would be necessary for a maximum DON reduction. Although PA did not exert a direct decontaminating
effect, an additional supplementation together with SBS seemed to be advantageous with regard to the prevention of yeast and
mould contamination and favouring the decontamination reaction by the acid milieu. 相似文献
11.
Inês Almeida Hermínia Marina Martins Sara Santos José M. Costa Fernando Bernardo 《Mycotoxin Research》2011,27(3):177-181
A total of 404 samples of commercial swine feed from Portugal feed mills were analysed by HPLC methods for the presence of
mycotoxins: 277 samples of feed for fattening pigs were analysed for ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), and deoxynivalenol
(DON), and 127 samples of feed for sows were analysed for ZEA and fumonisins (FB1 + FB2). Concerning feed for fattening pigs, 21 (7.6%) samples were positive for OTA, (2–6.8 μg/kg), 69 (24.9%) were positive for
ZEA (5–73 μg/kg), and 47 (16.9%) were positive for DON (100–864 μg/kg). In feed for sows, the results showed 29.9% of positive
samples for ZEA (5–57.7 μg/kg) and 8.7% positive samples for FB1 and FB2 (50–391.4 μg/kg). Co-occurrence of DON/ZEA was found most frequently, but simultaneous contamination with OTA/ZEA and OTA/DON
was also found. 相似文献
12.
Dietary Zinc Glycine Chelate on Growth Performance,Tissue Mineral Concentrations,and Serum Enzyme Activity in Weanling Piglets 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
One hundred twenty crossbred piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were used to determine the effects of dietary zinc glycine
chelate on growth performance, tissue mineral concentrations, and serum enzyme activity. All pigs were allotted to four treatments
and fed with basal diets supplemented with 0, 50, and 100 mg/kg Zn as zinc glycine chelate or 3,000 mg/kg Zn as zinc oxide
(ZnO). After the 35-day feeding trial, results of the study showed that, compared to the control, average daily gain was improved
(P < 0.05) for pigs fed 100 mg/kg Zn from zinc glycine chelate or 3,000 mg/kg Zn from ZnO and Zn concentrations in serum and
M. longissimus dorsi were significantly enhanced by 100 mg/kg dietary zinc glycine chelate and 3,000 mg/kg ZnO. In addition, supplementation of
100 mg/kg zinc glycine chelate decreased (P < 0.05) the liver Fe level, liver Zn level, spleen Cu level, and kidney Cu level compared to that of the 3,000-mg/kg ZnO
group. For feces mineral excretion, 3,000 mg/kg Zn from ZnO greatly increased the concentration of fecal Zn (P < 0.01) and Mn (P < 0.05) compared to that of the control or the 100-mg/kg zinc glycine chelate group. Moreover, alkaline phosphatase and Cu/Zn
superoxide dismutase activities of pigs in 100 mg/kg zinc glycine chelate and ZnO treatments were greatly higher than that
of the control. The results of present study showed that supplementation with zinc glycine chelate could improve growth and
serum enzyme activities and could also decrease zinc excretion in feces in weanling pig compared to high dietary ZnO. 相似文献
13.
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of copper-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on the small intestinal morphology
and activities of digestive enzyme and mucosal disaccharase in rats. Forty male Sprague–Dawley rats, with average body weight
of 82 g, were randomly allotted to five groups (n = 8). All rats were received a basal diet (control) or the same basal diet added with 80 mg/kg BW CuSO4, 80 mg/kg BW chitosan (CS-I), 80 mg/kg BW copper-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CSN-I), 160 mg/kg BW copper-loaded chitosan
nanoparticles (CSN-II), respectively. The experiment lasted 21 days. The results showed that the villus heights of the small
intestinal mucosa in groups CSN-I and CSN-II were higher than those of the control, group CuSO4 or CS-I. The crypt depth of duodenum and ileum mucosa in group CSN-I or CSN-II was depressed. Compared with the control,
there were no significant effects of CuSO4 or CS-I on the villus height and crypt depth of small intestinal mucosa. Supplementation with CSN improved the activities
of trypsin, amylase and lipase in the small intestinal contents and maltase, sucrase and lactase of duodenum, jejunum, and
ileum mucosa while there were no significant effects of CuSO4 on the digestive enzyme activities of the small content compared with the control. The results indicated that intestinal
morphology, activities of digestive enzyme in digesta and mucosal disaccharase were beneficially changed by treatment of copper-loaded
chitosan nanoparticles. 相似文献
14.
A 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to investigate the effects of different levels of copper (Cu, 0, 19,
and 38 mg/kg, dry matter (DM)) and molybdenum (Mo, 0 and 5 mg/kg, DM) supplements and an interaction of these two factors
on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and cashmere and follicle characteristics in cashmere goats. Thirty-six Liaoning
cashmere goats (approximately 1.5 years of age; 27.53 ± 1.38 kg of body weight) were assigned randomly to one of six treatments
and fed with Chinese wildrye- and alfalfa hay-based treatment diets (the basal diet contained 4.72 mg Cu/kg, 1.65 mg Mo/kg,
and 0.21% S.). Body weight was measured on two consecutive days at the start and the end of the 70-day experimental period.
On day 30, the metabolism trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary Cu and Mo on nutrient digestibility. The cashmere
and skin samples were collected on day 70. Copper supplementation increased (P < 0.05) growth performance and fiber digestion, but there were no differences (P > 0.05) between Cu-supplemented groups. Addition of 19 mg Cu/kg DM increased (P < 0.05) cashmere growth length or growth rate by increasing the number of active secondary follicles. Molybdenum supplementation
decreased (P < 0.05) growth, but did not affect (P > 0.05) nutrient digestion, cashmere, and follicle characteristics. There is a tendency or significant interaction effect
of Cu and Mo on growth performance (P = 0.057), cashmere growth (P = 0.076), or diameter (P < 0.05) which might be accomplished by changing the number of secondary follicle and active secondary follicle, and secondary
to primary follicle ratio. In conclusion, the optimal supplemental Cu level for Liaoning cashmere goats fed with the basal
diet was 19 mg/kg DM (the total dietary Cu level of 23.72 mg/kg DM), while 38 mg Cu/kg DM supplementation was found to be
needed when 5 mg Mo/kg was added in the basal diet during the cashmere growing period. 相似文献
15.
Güçlü BK Kara K Beyaz L Uyanik F Eren M Atasever A 《Biological trace element research》2008,125(2):160-169
This study was performed to determine the effects of copper proteinate on performance, blood chemistry, lipid peroxidation
status, and organs as well as copper deposition in the liver and eggs of laying hens. Seventy-two 30-week-old Bovans laying
hens were distributed into four groups with three replicates. Animals were fed basal diet containing at least 17% crude protein
and 2,800 kcal/kg metabolizable energy supplemented with either 0, 150, 300, or 450 mg/kg copper as copper proteinate. Supplementation
of 150 and 300 mg/kg copper increased egg production, whereas 450 mg/kg copper decreased (p < 0.001). Liver copper levels were elevated in 300 and 450 mg/kg copper-supplemented groups (p < 0.001). Egg copper contents increased in all treatment groups (p < 0.01). An increase in glucose (p < 0.001) and decreases in albumin (p < 0.01) and total cholesterol (p < 0.05) levels were determined with 300 and 450 mg/kg copper. Supplementation of 450 mg/kg copper increased alkaline phosphatase
and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activities (p < 0.05), malondialdehyde, and high-density lipoprotein levels (p < 0.01) but decreased alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase activities (p < 0.01). No gross and microscopic changes were observed in the liver and kidneys. These results indicated that 150 and 300 mg/kg
copper increased egg production without having marked adverse effects, but 450 mg/kg copper altered some blood chemistry variables
and reduced egg production in laying hens. 相似文献
16.
M. A. Norouzian 《Biological trace element research》2011,139(2):160-167
Relation between iodine (I) intake by lactating Holstein cows and iodine concentrations in raw and pasteurized milk were investigated.
Four treatment groups with eight cows assigned to each treatment were fed a basal diet containing 0.534 mg I/kg alone or supplemented
with potassium iodide at 2.5, 5 or 7.5 mg/kg in 7-week period. Iodine concentrations in raw milk increased with each increase
in dietary I from 162.2 ng/ml for basal diet to 534.5, 559.8 and 607.5 ng/ml when 2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/kg was fed as potassium
iodide (P < 0.05). This trend was found for blood plasma and urine iodine concentration. Iodine supplementation had no significant
effect on thyroidal hormones. high-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization process reduced I concentration. The mean
iodine content found in the milk prior to heating processing was 466.0 ± 205.0 ng/ml, whereas for the processed milk this
level was 349.5 ± 172.8 ng/ml. It was concluded that iodine supplementation above of NRC recommendation (0.5 mg/kg diet DM)
resulted in significant increases in iodine concentrations in milk, although the effect of heating in HTST pasteurization
process on iodine concentration was not negligible. 相似文献
17.
Ayhan Dogukan Nurhan Sahin Mehmet Tuzcu Vijaya Juturu Cemal Orhan Muhittin Onderci James Komorowski Kazim Sahin 《Biological trace element research》2009,131(2):124-132
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of chromium histidinate (CrHis) against experimentally induced
type II diabetes and on chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) in serum, liver,
and kidney of diabetic rats. The male Wistar rats (n = 60, 8 weeks old) were divided into four groups. Group I received a standard diet (12% of calories as fat); group II were
fed standard diet and received CrHis (110 mcg CrHis/kg body weight per day); group III received a high-fat diet (HFD; 40% of calories as fat) for 2 weeks and then
were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) on day 14 (STZ, 40 mg/kg i.p.; HFD/STZ); group IV were treated as group III (HFD/STZ)
but supplemented with 110 mcg CrHis/kg body weight per day. The mineral concentrations in the serum and tissue were determined
by atomic absorption spectrometry. Compared to the HFD/STZ group, CrHis significantly increased body weight and reduced blood
glucose in diabetic rats (p < 0.001). Concentrations of Cr, Zn, Se, and Mn in serum, liver, and kidney of the diabetic rats were significantly lower
than in the control rats (p < 0.0001). In contrast, higher Fe and Cu levels were found in serum and tissues from diabetic versus the non-diabetic rats
(p < 0.001). Chromium histidinate supplementation increased serum, liver, and kidney concentrations of Cr and Zn both in diabetic
and non-diabetic rats (p < 0.001). Chromium supplementation increased Mn and Se levels in diabetic rats (p < 0.001); however, it decreased Cu levels in STZ-treated group (p < 0.001). Chromium histidinate supplementation did not affect Fe levels in both groups (p > 0.05). The results of the present study conclude that supplementing Cr to the diet of diabetic rats influences serum and
tissue Cr, Zn, Se, Mn, and Cu concentrations. 相似文献
18.
Veerasamy Sejian Rajendra Swaroop Srivastava 《Journal of physiology and biochemistry》2010,66(4):339-349
The purpose of the investigation was to observe the pineal–adrenal–immune system relationships and their influence on non-specific
immune response in female goats under short-term thermal stress. Six female goats had been exposed to 40°C and 60% relative
humidity in the psychrometric chamber for 17 days. Blood samples were obtained on days 0 and 10 to establish control and thermal
stress effects, respectively. Chemical adrenalectomy was achieved by injecting metyrapone (100 mg/kg body weight) followed
by exogenous melatonin treatment (0.1 mg/kg body weight) from 11th to 17th day of experiment. Thermal stress significantly
(P ≤ 0.05) altered the physiological responses. Metyrapone and melatonin treatment significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the thermal-stress-induced increase in plasma concentrations of cortisol and corticosterone while significantly
(P ≤ 0.05) increased the plasma melatonin on days 11 and 17. Furthermore, these treatments significantly (P < 0.05) increased the phagocytic activity of neutrophils as compared to both control and thermal exposure values from 11–17 days
of experiment. The data generated from this study help us to understand the functional relationship between pineal, adrenal,
and immune system, and how this relationship modifies the non-specific immune response for the well being of goats during
thermal stress. 相似文献
19.
Ute Meister 《Mycotoxin Research》2009,25(3):133-139
Over a period of 8 years (2000–2007), wheat (n = 407) and rye (n = 510) samples of integrated and organic cultivation in the Federal State of Brandenburg were analyzed by HPLC for the Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA). In the years 2002 and 2007, the overall contamination level was higher
than in the other years. The percentage of DON-positives (>50 μg/kg) varied from 5 to 86%, the median and maximum levels varied
from 50 to 380 μg/kg and from 50 to 10,400 μg/kg, respectively. The percentage of ZEA-positives (>3 μg/kg) varied from 2
to 41%, the median and maximum levels varied from 8 to 84 μg/kg and from 10 to 451 μg/kg. In the 8 years of testing, frequency
and levels of DON and ZEA were significantly lower in cereals of organic cultivation compared with cereals of integrated cultivation. 相似文献
20.
Beob G. Kim Merlin D. Lindemann Gary L. Cromwell 《Biological trace element research》2010,133(2):181-196
We investigated the effects of supplemental chromium (Cr) as Cr (III) picolinate on pigs fed high-fat diets (HFD) in a 56-day
experiment. Thirty-two crossbred pigs (9.6 kg) were allotted to four treatments with four blocks and two pigs/pen. Treatments
included: (1) low-fat diet (fat < 3.5%; LFD) with no Cr, (2) HFD (fat > 30%) with no Cr, (3) HFD with 1,000 ppb Cr, and (4)
HFD with 2,000 ppb Cr. Pigs fed HFD gained weight faster, consumed less, and had lower feed:gain (p < 0.05). Pigs fed HFD had higher respiration rates than pigs fed LFD on d 41 (p < 0.05). Plasma insulin on d 14 linearly decreased with Cr (p = 0.05). Plasma cholesterol concentrations were higher in the pigs fed HFD than those fed LFD, but were largely unaffected
by supplemental Cr. Consumption of HFD resulted in greater carcass weight, perirenal fat, and backfat measures (p < 0.01) compared with the LFD group. Cr resulted in linear reductions of hot carcass weight (p = 0.08) and average backfat (p < 0.05). The effects of Cr on carcass fat measures were more pronounced in castrated males than in females. These results
indicate that Cr attenuates some effects of a HFD, mainly body fat accretion of pigs, and especially in castrated pigs. 相似文献