外源乙烯对桃果实微粒体膜Ca2+-ATPase活性和膜脂过氧化水平的影响

以‘迎庆’桃果实为材料,研究了经外源乙烯(50μL／L)处理12h后,在常温(25℃)下贮藏过程中,果实微粒体膜Ca^2 - ATPase活性和膜脂过氧化水平的变化。结果表明：外源乙烯促进果实内源乙烯的生成,刺激膜Ca^2 - ATPase活性先上升而后下降,同时加速超氧自由基的产生．提高膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量．增强了膜脂过氧化作用;钙调素拮抗剂二氟拉嗪(TFP)和钙通道阻塞剂异博定(VER)均在一定程度上抑制乙烯诱导的上述效应,这表明细胞内Ca^2 和CaM参与了外源乙烯反应。     

纽荷尔脐橙留树和低温贮藏效果比较

以纽荷尔脐橙(citrus sinensis'Newhall')果实为试材,对50%留果量的留树贮藏和果实6℃低温贮藏过程中不同时期的果肉硬度、果皮总色差、O2产生速率、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量及脂氧合酶(LOX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性进行测定.结果表明:两种贮藏方式下果肉硬度均下降,果皮总色差上升;LOX活性增加,SOD、CAT活性下降;O2、MDA、Pro积累,细胞膜受到伤害,导致胞内物质外流,细胞电导率增加.贮藏47d时,两种贮藏方式各指标基本上没有显著差异;贮藏47d至75d,留树贮藏的果实无论外观(果肉硬度、色泽)还是细胞膜的完整性都显著优于低温贮藏.     

温度逆境对不同品种黄瓜幼苗膜保护系统的影响

温度逆境胁迫后,黄瓜幼苗体内O2^-的产生速率和MDA含量均明显升高,温度逆境胁迫和常温恢复2d后,O2^-的产生速率都与各品系黄瓜幼苗对温度逆境的耐性呈负相关,说明在温度逆境胁迫过程中,活性氧确实是对黄瓜幼苗产生毒害的重要方式。在遭受温度逆境胁迫后,黄瓜幼苗体内酶促和非酶促防御系统均遭到破坏。AsA含量、CAT和POD活性均显著下降,低温胁迫后,对低温耐性强的品系SOD活性上升,对低温耐性弱的品系SOD活性降低。高温处理后,各品系SOD活性均降低。表明膜系统的损伤与细胞内自由基引发的膜脂过氧化有关。     

外源一氧化氮供体硝普钠对干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗叶中ATP酶活性和膜脂过氧化的影响

研究外源一氧化氮（NO）供体硝普钠（sNP）对干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片ATP酶活性和膜脂过氧化影响的结果表明,15％聚乙二醇．6000（PEG-6000）模拟的干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗叶中H^＋-ATP酶和Ca^2＋．ATP酶活性显著升高后迅速下降,硫代巴比妥酸反应产物（TBARs）和质量膜透性增加;0．1mm01．L^-1 SNP可提高干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗叶中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（cAT）活性,降低超氧阴离子（O2^-）和过氧化氢（H2O2）水平,缓解膜脂过氧化,稳定生物膜的结构和功能,H^＋-ATP酶和Ca^2＋-ATP酶也可以保持更高的活性。     

CaCl2对铁棍山药块茎采后几种与膜脂过氧化相关的生理指标的影响

铁棍山药决茎采后经0．1％-1.0％（WIV）的CaCl2溶液处理后,其含水量增加,相对电导率减小,丙二醛（MDA）含量降低,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性升高,超氧阴离子（O2^-）产生速率下降;而浓度为2．0％的CaCl2溶液则促进铁棍山药块茎贮藏后期SOD活性下降,对含水量增加和相对电导率、MDA含量以及O^2-产生速率下降的效果不稳定。     

冷害对贮藏油桃膜脂脂肪酸及相关酶活性的影响

以秦光2号油桃为试材,研究了1℃和5℃贮藏温度下油桃果实的膜脂脂肪酸及相关酶活性的变化.结果表明:油桃果实的SOD、CAT和APX活性在冷害发生后迅速下降;冷害果实的相对膜透性和MDA含量显著高于对照;冷害促使油桃果实LOX活性的增强,使棕榈酸相对含量高于对照,油酸、亚麻酸相对含量低于对照,降低了膜脂脂肪酸的不饱和指数.     

硬肉桃果实成熟前后几种与果实软化相关的生理指标的变化

比较桃品种'川中岛白桃'(一般常规桃)和'双久红'(硬肉桃)成熟前后20 d内果肉硬度、乙烯释放量和活性氧代谢有关指标的变化结果表明:两品种桃成熟前后20 d内O2产生速率、H2O2含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和脂氧合酶(LOX)活性均持续上升,'双久红'果实明显低于'川中岛白桃';在成熟前20 d内两者的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物~(POD)活性均呈下降趋势,果实成熟后20 d内SOD活性先上升后下降,而POD活性则持续上升;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在成熟前20～10 d内上升.以后呈下降趋势.果实成熟后'双久红'的SOD、POD和CAT活性均明显的高于'川中岛白桃'.     

低温胁迫对巨尾桉幼苗膜脂过氧化及保护酶的影响

以木本植物巨尾桉幼苗为材料 ,研究低温胁迫对巨尾桉膜脂过氧化及保护酶的影响 ,测定了幼苗叶片的O 2(超氧阴离子 )产生速率、H2 O2 、(过氧化氢 )、MDA(丙二醛 )含量、相对电导率和SOD(超氧化物歧化酶 )、POD(过氧化物酶 )、CAT(过氧化氢酶 )、APX(抗坏血酸过氧化物酶 )活性。结果表明 :低温胁迫使叶片O 2 产生速率、H2 O2 、MDA含量和相对电导率增加 ,但抗寒锻炼植株的增幅远小于对照 ;抗寒锻炼植株的SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性均低于对照。     

GA1处理采后油桃果实膜脂过氧化的影响

采后GA3处理“阿姆肯”油桃果实（Prunus Persica (L.)nectarine.cv.‘armking’),降低了果实中过氧化氢（H2O2）积累和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量,显著提高了活性氧清除酶过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量,降低了果实衰老期间的膜脂过氧化,对“阿姆肯”油桃有一定保鲜效果。     

增强UV-B辐射对蚕豆叶片微粒体膜一些性质的影响

温室条件下,用0（Control）、8．65kJm－2d－1（TI）及11．2KJm－2d－1（t2）不同剂量的UV－B辐射处理蚕豆幼苗。Ca2 ．ATPase及Mg2 －ATPase的活性在辐射处理期间下降。在处理21d,T1和T2微粒体膜的MDA含量明显高于对照,同时IUFA急剧下降,且呈明显的剂量效应。14及21d时,膜磷脂的含量也明显下降。脂氧合酶（Lox）活性在第7及14天与对照相比都显著升高,而21d后迅速下降。结果表明,增强UV－B对微粒体膜的伤害可能是一方面导致正常酶合成与分解之间的平衡失调,另一方面导致了膜脂过氧化作用。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism