不同类型杉木人工混交林乔木层结构及动态分析

对福建省建瓯市东安林场的杉木[Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. ]人工混交林乔木层结构及动态进行了分析比较.结果表明,6种混交林中杉木的长势均优于杉木纯林,其中杉木-楠木[Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.)Yang ]混交林中杉木的平均胸径、平均树高和平均单株净生产力均最大,分别达到19.5 cm、15.5 m和0.002 84 m3·a-1;杉木-檫木[Sassafras tzumu (Hemsl.) Hemsl.]混交林中杉木的平均胸径和平均单株净生产力最小,分别仅为15.7 cm和0.001 82 m3·a-1;杉木-樟树[Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl]混交林中杉木的平均树高最低,仅为14.1 m.在6种混交林中,除杉木-檫木混交林中杉木的功能重要值小于檫木外,其他混交林中杉木的各项重要值均大于其混生树种,表明杉木在与混交树种的竞争中处于优势地位.     

杉木萌芽林林冠下营造细柄阿丁枫与木荷的生态效益的研究

 本文通过对杉木萌芽林林冠下营造中亚热带常见乡土阔叶树种——细柄阿丁枫与木荷后,形成的杉阔混交林的两年定位观测研究,结果表明：杉木萌芽林改造成细柄阿丁枫杉木混交林与木荷杉木混交林后,林分水源涵养功能增强,土壤肥力提高,林内小气候得到改善,林分抗御火灾能力增强。杉木林冠下营造乡土阔叶树种是改良杉木林生态环境质量,科学经营杉木低产林的有效生物措施之一。     

人工混交林中杉木、桤木和刺楸细根养分迁移的初步研究

比较分析了杉木 桤木和杉木 刺楸混交林中杉木、桤木和刺楸活细根、死细根的N、P、K含量 .结果表明 ,桤木细根N迁移能力较强 ,刺楸较弱 ,杉木细根N不迁移 ;P在桤木和刺楸细根中迁移能力较强 ,而在杉木细根中基本不迁移 ;3个树种细根脱落前都将K迁移回树体内 .比较分析 2个混交林中活细根N、P、K在树种间的差异 ,发现在杉木 桤木混交林中桤木根部N可能向杉木迁移 ,而在杉木 刺楸混交林中刺楸根部K可能向杉木根部迁移 ,但迁移机制还有待于从根 土界面生态过程进行研究     

杉木水分利用效率对混交和气象因子的响应

我国现存的杉木人工林普遍是树种组成单一、林分密度不合理、生产力低下的低效人工林，在改善低效人工林方面通常采取引入阔叶树种的营林措施。本研究以江西官山林场杉木纯林和杉楠混交林为对象，基于树轮δ¹³C稳定同位素方法量化植物内禀水分利用效率(iWUE)及其对气象因子的响应，分析引入楠木对低效杉木人工林林木质量的提升效应。结果表明：纯林中的杉木断面积生长量为0.23 cm²,高于混交林杉木的0.19 cm²;杉木纯林树轮δ¹³C和iWUE分别为-27.4‰和52.9%,低于混交林的-26.7‰和62.8%。杉木纯林δ¹³C对年均降水和年均相对湿度的变化更敏感，杉木混交林δ¹³C则与气象因子的相关性不明显；杉木纯林iWUE与年均温度、年均大气CO₂浓度和年均最高温度呈正相关，与年均降水和年均相对湿度呈负相关，而杉木混交林iWUE仅与年均大气CO₂浓度呈正相关。表明杉木纯林对气候的响应较杉木混交林更敏感。     

杉木连栽林地营造混交林后土壤微生物的季节性动态研究

本文对杉木多代连栽林地及多代连栽后营造不同类型混交林林地土壤微生物的季节性动态进行了研究。研究结果表明:①杉木连栽林地及连栽后营造成不同类型混交林中土壤微生物主要类型的数量季节性变化,土壤呼吸强度和土壤酶活性的季节性变化,总的趋势是春季较高、夏季最高、秋季稍有下降、冬季最低,但不同混交林下表现不同;②连栽杉木后营造不同混交林土壤的微生物生态分布数量、土壤的呼吸强度、土壤酶活性都显著高于杉木连栽林地,这说明连栽后营造不同类型混交林具有良好的改土作用;③不同混交林土壤中,细菌占微生物总量的百分率为建柏+红豆树、柳杉+薄姜木>杉木+樟树、火炬松+罗光石楠>多代杉木林,真菌占微生物总量的百分率为多代杉木林>杉木+樟树、火炬松+罗光石楠>建柏+红豆树、柳杉+薄姜木。这表明不同混交林下由于凋落物的性质不同,参与土壤中有机残体分解的微生物类型,有着显著的差异。     

九龙江流域杉木混交林土壤结构的分形研究

运用分形理论对九龙江流域4种类型杉木混交林土壤粒径的分形维数与土壤水稳性团聚体、团聚体含量及结构体破坏率关系进行研究,比较分析了不同类型杉木混交林土壤结构的分形维数,建立了土壤结构分形维数与土壤理化性质的回归模型.研究结果表明,杉木混交林土壤分形维数与土壤水稳性团聚体、团聚体含量、结构体破坏率及土壤理化性质呈显著回归关系,分形维数与0.25mm土壤颗粒含量线性负相关,与结构体破坏率呈线性正相关.杉木米老排混交林土壤团粒结构的分形维数最小,土壤结构、稳定性及肥力状况最好,而杉木巨尾按混交林土壤自我培肥能力最差.分形理论在林地土壤肥力研究上的应用为林地评价提供了新方法.     

杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)连栽地力退化和杉阔混交林的土壤改良作用

收集了有关杉木连栽的地力退化和连栽杉阔混交林的对比研究文献,并进行分析表明,杉阔混交林土壤容重平均比杉木纯林降低5％;连栽杉木人工林随代数的增加呈现容重变大的趋势,2代比1代平均增加6％,3代比2代平均增加9％。这种容重的变化使看似具有可比性的对比样地之间失去了可比性,可能导致对杉木连栽人工林地力退化和杉阔混交林的土壤改良作用的评价产生偏差。通过对这种容重变化产生的影响进行校正,对杉木连栽人工林地力退化和杉阔混交林的土壤改良作用进行了重新评估。结果表明,采用固定深度采样的杉阔混交林与对照的杉木纯林、多代连栽杉木人工林不同代次问土壤有机碳和全氮贮量的相对变化均出现不同程度的低估现象。固定深度采样时,与对照的纯林相比,杉阔混交林对土壤的改良作用被低估,土壤有机碳和全氮贮量的相对变化平均低估6％和5％;杉木连栽引起的地力退化也被低估,土壤有机碳和全氮贮量从1代到2代分别低估5％和7％,从2代到3代分别低估7％和8％。经t-检验表明,杉阔混交林与对照的杉木纯林、多代连栽杉木人工林不同代次间土壤有机碳和全氮贮量的相对变化在土壤容重影响校正前后有明显差异（P=0．05）。     

一种高生产力和生态协调的亚热带针阔混交林——杉木火力楠混交林的研究

 通过八年杉木针阔混交林的综合定位研究,筛选出一种高生产力和生态协调的人工林一以8杉木2火力楠为优势的混交林。林分的蓄积量和乔木层贮存的能量分别比杉木纯林高13.7%和11.3%,杉木火力楠混交林提高了林分的光能利用率,改善了林内小气候;增加了林地有机质的含量;促进了土壤中有益微生物的繁衍和土壤理化性质的改良,提高了土壤肥力和蓄水保水能力;增强了林分对害虫自我抑制能力。     

人工混交林中杉木,恺木和刺楸细根养分过移的初步研究

比较分析了杉木－桤木和杉木－刺楸混交林中杉木、桤木和刺楸活细根、死细根的Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ含量,结果表明,桤木细根Ｎ迁移能力较强,刺楸较弱,杉木细根Ｎ不迁移;Ｐ在桤木和刺楸细根中迁移能力较强,而在杉木细根中基本不迁移;３个树种细根脱落前者将Ｋ迁移回树体内,比较分析２个混交混林中活细根Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ在树种间的差异,发现在杉木－桤木混交林中桤木根部Ｎ可能向杉木迁移,而在杉木－刺楸混交林中刺楸根部Ｋ可能向杉木根部迁     

人工纯林和混交林中南酸枣木材解剖特性的比较分析

对林龄为25 a的南酸枣[Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb. ) Burtt et Hill]纯林、南酸枣-马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb. )混交林和南酸枣-杉木[Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb. ) Hook. ]混交林中南酸枣木材的解剖特性进行了比较分析.测定结果表明,在25 a的树龄内,南酸枣-马尾松混交林、南酸枣-杉木混交林和南酸枣纯林中南酸枣木材纤维的长度分别为0.843～1.401、0.858～1.489和0.873～1.347 mm,宽度分别为19.28～23.58、19.34～22.34和19.76～25.26 μm,长宽比分别为39.70～62.04、39.20～63.96和40.60～59.34;随树龄的增加,纯林和混交林中南酸枣木材纤维的长度、宽度及长宽比均逐渐增加,且不同林分间的差异逐渐达到显著水平,并以南酸枣-杉木混交林中南酸枣木材纤维的长度和长宽比最大、宽度最小.3种林分中南酸枣木材的导管组织比量、纤维组织比量和木射线组织比量分别为16.1%～16.7%、64.7%～65.2%和12.9%～13.4%,以南酸枣-杉木混交林中南酸枣木材导管组织比量和纤维组织比量最大,但差异均不显著;仅纯林的木材轴向薄壁组织比量(5.8%)显著高于混交林(5.1%和5.2%).随树龄的增加,3种林分中南酸枣木材微纤丝角均逐渐减小,南酸枣-马尾松混交林、南酸枣-杉木混交林和南酸枣纯林中南酸枣木材微纤丝角分别为23.33°～16.82°、 23.20°～16.36°和23.34°～17.41°, 且仅在树龄16～25 a阶段,混交林中的南酸枣木材微纤丝角显著小于纯林, 其中又以南酸枣-杉木混交林中的南酸枣木材微纤丝角最小.研究结果显示,南酸枣-杉木混交林中南酸枣木材的解剖特性总体上最优,在南酸枣木材品质定向培育过程中宜选择杉木作为伴生树种.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.