A review of the Arhythmacanthidae (Acanthocephala) with a description of Heterosentis hirsutus n. sp. from Cnidoglanis macrocephala (Plotosidae) in Australia

Heterosentis hirsutus n. sp. is described from Cnidoglanis macrocephala (Siluriformes: Plotosidae) from the Swan Estuary, Western Australia. It is distinguished by having 14 longitudinal rows of 6-7 hooks per row on the proboscis, a trunk armed anteriorly and posteriorly (= genital spines) with minute spines and lemnisci that may extend to the posterior margin of the proboscis receptacle. The new species also has prominent fragmented nuclei in its trunk wall. New information is given for Heterosentis plotosi Yamaguti, 1935 from Plotosus lineatus (Siluriformes: Plotosidae) and H. paraplagusiarum (Nickol, 1972) Amin, 1985 from Paraplagusia guttata (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae), both from Queensland. A key to the species of Heterosentis Van Cleave, 1931 is provided. The Arhythmacanthidae subfamilies are reviewed: there is little utility in the recognition of these taxa because of the small number of genera involved and the validity of the characters on which they are based is in doubt, particularly whether trunk spines are present or absent. Only Acanthocephaloides Meyer, 1932, Breizacanthus Golvan, 1969, Euzetacanthus Golvan & Houin, 1964, Heterosentis, Hypoechinorhynchus Yamaguti, 1939 and Paracanthocephaloides Golvan, 1969 of the Arhythmacanthidae are considered valid. A key to these genera is provided. The monotypic genus Neoacanthocephaloides Cable & Quick, 1954 is considered a new synonym of Acanthocephaloides thus creating Acanthocephaloides spinicaudatus (Cable & Quick, 1954) n. comb. Arhythmacanthus Yamaguti, 1935 is maintained as a synonym of Heterosentis because the distinction between two and three hook types is made equivocal when the transition between the apical and subapical hooks is gradual.     

Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the cestode genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Paraprogynotaenia</Emphasis> Rysavy, 1966 (Cyclophyllidea: Progynotaeniidae)

The type-series of Paraprogynotaenia jimenezi Rysavy, 1966 [type-species of Paraprogynotaenia Rysavy, 1966] from Charadrius wilsonia Ord in Cuba and P. charadrii (Yamaguti, 1956) (= Proterogynotaenia charadrii Yamaguti, 1956) from C. alexandrinus L. in Japan are redescribed. Two new species are described: Paraprogynotaenia minuta n. sp. from C. alexandrinus on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria [type-host and type-locality, based on specimens previously reported as P. charadrii], from the same host species in Tunisia and from "Tringa totanus" (the host identification is uncertain) in France [the latter two samples were previously reported as Progynotaenia odhneri Nybelin, 1916]; and Paraprogynotaenia canarisi n. sp. from C. marginatus Vieillot in the Republic of South Africa [type-host and type-locality] and from C. alexandrinus and Pluvialis dominica (Müller) in Taiwan [specimens from both localities were previously reported as Paraprogynotaenia charadrii]. P. jimenezi can be distinguished from its congeners by having 12 hooks of equal length. Among the remaining species with 18-22 hooks of varying length, P. minuta n. sp. can be distinguished by the smaller number of proglottides: up to 8 vs 15-20 for P. charadrii and P. canarisi n. sp. The latter two species can be differentiated from one another by the blade length/total length ratio of the smallest (lateral) rostellar hooks, which is less than 0.5 for P. canarisi n. sp. and 0.5 or more for P. charadrii. An identification key to the species of Paraprogynotaenia is provided and the generic diagnosis is amended. A phylogenetic analysis based on 17 morphological characters resulted in the following hypothesis for the relationships within the genus: (P. jimenezi (P. minuta (P. charadrii, P. canarisi))).     

The taxonomic status of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Opegaster</Emphasis> Ozaki, 1928 and the description of four new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Opecoelus</Emphasis> Ozaki, 1925 (Digenea: Opecoelidae) from marine teleosts in Australian waters

The similarities between Opecoelus Ozaki, 1925, Coitocaecum Nicoll, 1915, Opegaster Ozaki, 1928 and Paropecoelus Pritchard, 1966 and the difficulty of separating Opecoelus and Opegaster are discussed. It is proposed that Opegaster be reduced to synonymy with Opecoelus and the diagnosis of the latter amended to accommodate both forms. Four new species of Opecoelus are described from marine teleosts in Australian waters. These are Opecoelus woolcockae n. sp. from Acanthopagrus butcheri and A. australis from off South Australia, New South Wales and southern Queensland, O. pomatomi n. sp. from Pomatomus saltatrix off New South Wales, O. crowcrofti n. sp. from Atherinomorus ogilbyi off southern Queensland and O. queenslandicus n. sp. from Apogon fasciatus off southern Queensland. The following new combinations are formed: Opecoelus gonorhynchi (Gavrilyuk, 1979) n. comb., O. elongatus (Yamaguti, 1959) n. comb., O. pentadactylus (Manter, 1940) n. comb., O. apogonichthydis (Yamaguti, 1938) n. comb., O. cameroni (Caballero & Caballero, 1969) n. comb., O. dendrochiri (Yamaguti, 1970) n. comb., O. hawaiiensis (Yamaguti, 1970) n. comb., O. jamunicus (Srivastava, 1968) n. comb., O. longivesiculus (Yamaguti, 1952) n. comb., O. mastacembalii (Harshey, 1937) n. comb., O. mehrii (Harshey, 1937) n. comb., O. synodi (Manter, 1947) n. comb., O. tamori (Yamaguti, 1938) n. comb., O. bothi (Yamaguti, 1970) n. comb., O. caulopsettae (Manter, 1954) n. comb., O. beliyai (Pande, 1937) n. comb., O. brevifistulus (Ozaki, 1928) n. comb., O. cryptocentri (Yamaguti, 1958) n. comb., O. dactylopteri (Yamaguti, 1970) n. comb., O. dermatogenyos (Yamaguti, 1970) n. comb., O. ditrematis (Yamaguti, 1942) n. comb., O. gobii (Yamaguti, 1952) n. comb., O. hippocampi (Shen, 1982) n. comb., O. iniistii (Yamaguti, 1970) n. comb., O. lobulus (Wang, 1977) n. comb., O. macrorchis (Yamaguti, 1938) n. comb., O. parapristipomatis (Yamaguti, 1934) n. comb., O. pritchardae (Overstreet, 1969) n. comb., O. syngnathi (Yamaguti, 1934) n. comb., O. lutiani (Bravo-Hollis & Manter, 1957) n. comb., O. ovatus (Ozaki, 1928) n. comb., O. plotosi (Yamaguti, 1940) n. comb. and O. rectus (Ozaki, 1928) n. comb.; all the new combinations were previously species of Opegaster.     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudopandarus</Emphasis> Kirtisinghe, 1950 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Pandaridae) from sharks of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Squalus</Emphasis> L. in New Caledonian waters

Both sexes of a new species of pandarid copepod are described from sharks of the genus Squalus L. (Squaliformes: Squalidae). Specimens of Pseudopandarus cairae n. sp. were collected from Squalus bucephalus Last, Séret & Pogonoski and S. melanurus Fourmanoir & Rivaton in New Caledonian waters, the first parasitic copepod to be described from either host species. This is the eighth nominal species of Pseudopandarus Kirtisinghe, 1950 and the first to be described from a shark of the order Squaliformes. Pseudopandarus cairae n. sp. is easily distinguished from P. australis Cressey & Simpfendorfer, 1988, P. longus (Gnanamuthu, 1951) Cressey, 1967, and P. pelagicus Rangnekar, 1977 in having the female genital complex concealed beneath an elongate dorsal genital shield with a trilobed posterior margin. It can be distinguished from P. gracilis Kirtisinghe, 1950 and P. scyllii Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1959 by the armature of the leg 4 endopod and by the proportions of the dorsal genital shield. The new species is unique among known species of Pseudopandarus in its possession of only 1 setal element on the distal endopod segment of leg 4. In addition to describing the new species, the host associations of all species of Pseudopandarus are reviewed and observations are made regarding sexual dimorphism and mode of attachment. A key to the species considered valid is provided.     

A review of the Apocreadiidae Skrjabin, 1942 (Trematoda: Digenea) and description of Australian species

The Apocreadiidae is reviewed and is considered to include genera recognised previously within the families Apocreadiidae, Homalometridae, Schistorchiidae, Sphincterostomatidae and Trematobrienidae. Key features of the family are extensive vitelline follicles, eye-spot pigment dispersed in forebody, I-shaped excretory vesicle, no cirrus-sac and genital pore opening immediately anterior to the ventral sucker (usually) or immediately posterior to it (Postporus Manter, 1949). Three subfamilies and 18 genera are recognised within the Apocreadiidae. The Apocreadiinae comprises Homalometron Stafford, 1904 (new syn. Barbulostomum Ramsey, 1965), Callohelmis n. g., Choanodera Manter, 1940, Crassicutis Manter, 1936, Dactylotrema Bravo-Hollis & Manter, 1957, Marsupioacetabulum Yamaguti, 1952, Microcreadium Simer, 1929, Myzotus Manter, 1940, Neoapocreadium Siddiqi & Cable, 1960, Neomegasolena Siddiqi & Cable, 1960, Pancreadium Manter, 1954, Procaudotestis Szidat, 1954 and Trematobrien Dollfus, 1950. The Schistorchiinae comprises Schistorchis Lühe, 1906, Sphincterostoma Yamaguti, 1937, Sphincteristomum Oshmarin, Mamaev & Parukhin, 1961 and Megacreadium Nagaty, 1956. The Postporinae comprises only Postporus. A key to subfamilies and genera of the Apocreadiidae is provided. It is argued that there is no convincing basis for the recognition of the genus Apocreadium Manter, 1937 and all its constituent species are combined with Homalometron. The following new combinations are proposed for species previously recognised within Apocreadium: Homalometron balistis (Manter, 1947), H. caballeroi (Bravo-Hollis, 1953), H. cryptum (Overstreet, 1969), H. longisinosum (Manter, 1937), H. manteri (Overstreet, 1970), H. mexicanum (Manter, 1937) and H. vinodae (Ahmad, 1985). Apocreadium uroproctoferum Sogandares-Bernal, 1959 is found to lack a uroproct and is made a synonym of H. mexicanum. Homalometron verrunculi nom. nov. is proposed to replace the secondarily pre-occupied H. caballeroi Lamothe-Argumedo, 1965. Barbulostomum is made a synonym of Homalometron and H. cupuloris (Ramsey, 1965) n. comb. is proposed. Neochoanodera is made a synonym of Choanodera and Choanodera ghanensis (Fischthal & Thomas, 1970) n. comb. is proposed. Species within the Apocreadiinae and Postporinae are reviewed and the following are recorded or described from Australian fishes: Homalometron wrightae n. sp. from Achlyopa nigra (Macleay), H. synagris (Yamaguti, 1953) n. comb. from Scolopsis monogramma (Cuvier), H. stradbrokensis n. sp. from Gerres subfasciatus Cuvier, Marsupioacetabulum opallioderma n. sp. from G. subfasciatus, Neoapocreadium karwarensis (Hafeezullah, 1970) n. comb. from G. subfasciatus, N. splendens n. sp. from S. monogramma and Callohelmis pichelinae n. g., n. sp. from Hemigymnus melapterus (Bloch), H. fasciatus (Bloch), Stethojulis bandanensis (Bleeker) andChoerodon venustus (De Vis). Callohelmis is recognised by the combination of absence of tegumental spines, caeca terminating midway between the testes and posterior end of body, ventral sucker enclosed in a tegumental pouch, prominent muscles radiating through the body from the ventral sucker, vitelline follicles not extending into the forebody, and a very short excretory vesicle that opens ventrally. New combinations for species previously recognised within Crassicutis are proposed as follows: Neoapocreadium caranxi (Bilqees, 1976) n. comb., N. gerridis (Nahhas & Cable, 1964) n. comb., N. imtiazi (Ahmad, 1984) n. comb. and N. marina (Manter, 1947) n. comb. The host-specificity and zoogeography of the Apocreadiinae are considered.     

Ten new species of Haliotrema (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) from Australian fish and a revision of the genus

Ten new species of Haliotrema from Australian fish are described and figured: H. cteno-chaeti sp. n. from Ctenochaetus strigosus; H. falcanalis sp. n. from Triacanthus falcanalis; H. lineate sp. n. from Acanthurus lineatus; H. chrysotaeniae sp. n. from Lutjanuschrysotaenia; H. cromileptis sp. n. from Cromileptis altivelis; H. epinepheli sp. n. from Epinephelus merra and E. fasciatus; H. holocentri sp. n. from Holocentrus ruber; Haliotrema chrysostomi sp. n. from Lethrinus chrysostomus and Plectorhinchus pictus; H. fleti sp. n. n. from L. fletus and L. chrysostomus; H. scari sp. N. from Scarus fasciatus.
H. dempsteri (Mizelle & Price, 1964) comb. n. from Acanthrus mata, A. dussumieri and A. xanthopterus: H. johnii (Tripathi, 1959) comb. n. from Lutjanus johni and L. fulviflamma: H. parahaliotrema (Mizelle & Price, 1964) comb. n. from Zebrasoma veliferum and A. grammoptilus: and H. obesa (Caballero, Bravo Hollis & Grocott, 1955) comb. n. from Tetraodon hispidus are redescribed and transferred from the genera Parahaliotrema Mizelle & Price, 1964, Ancyrocephalus Creplin, 1839, Parahaliotrema , and Tetrancistrum Goto & Kikuchi, 1917 respectively.
H. brevis (Mizelle & Price, 1964) comb, n. , H. canescens (Mizelle & Price, 1964) comb. n. and H. zanclus (Mizelle & Price, 1964) comb. n. are transferred from Pseudohaliotrema Yamaguti, 1953; H. eilatica (Paperna, 1965) comb. n. , H. teuthis (MacCallum, 1915) comb. n. , H. triacantha (Tripathi, 1959) comb. n. and H. lethrini (Yamaguti, 1937) comb. n. are transferred from Ancyrocephalus Creplin, 1839.
The generic diagnosis is emended to include the above-mentioned species and the taxonomy of the genus is discussed and the formation of six species groups is proposed.     

New species and new data on Protrinemuridae and Nicoletiidae (Zygentoma) from Eastern Asia and Pacific islands

Four new genera and eleven new species of Zygentoma thysanurans (families Protrinemuridae and Nicoletiidae) are described and some faunistic novelties reported from Oriental and Australian Regions, viz.: Protrinemura leclerci n. sp., from northern Thailand, Protrinemurella allacrotelsoides n. gen. n. sp., from southern Thailand, and Protrinemuroides celebensis n. gen. n. sp., from the Celebes islands (Protrinemuridae), Lepidospora (L.) digitata n. sp., from northern Thailand, L. (L.) deharvengi n. sp., from the Celebes, and Pseudobrinckina anempodiata n. gen. n. sp., from northern Thailand (Nicoletiidae: Coletiniinae), Gastrotheus (G.) papuanus n. sp., from Papua-New Guinea (Nicoletiidae: Atelurinae), and Metrinura celebensis n. sp., from the Celebes, Trinemurodes anomalocoxa n. sp., from southern Thailand, T. bedosae n. sp., from northern Thailand, and Allotrinemurodes thai n.gen. n. sp., from northern Thailand (Nicoletiidae: Subnicoletiinae). Bharatatelura malabarica Mendes is reported for the first time off the Indian sub-continent (in Suva). Proatelura jacobsoni Silvestri is recorded in Macao (southern China) and in the Moluccas islands and notes are presented on its male sex. Gastrotheus (Lasiotheus) nanus (Escherich) is found for the very first time in Macao, in Cook islands and in Niue. Identification keys are provided to Protrinemuridae genera and to species of Trinemurodes, and modifications are suggested to previously presented keys to Nicoletiidae genera and to Lepidospora and Metrinura species.     

The status of Acleotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 and Heteroplectanum Rakotofiringa, Oliver & Lambert, 1987 (Monogenoidea: Diplectanidae), with the redescription of Acleotrema girellae Johnston & Tiegs, 1922

Acleotrema Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 is resurrected and its diagnosis amended. A. girellae Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 is redescribed based on the lectotype from the Australian Museum (Sydney, Australia). A. kyphosi Yamaguti, 1968 is considered a junior synonym of A. girellae. Heteroplectanum Rakotofiringa, Oliver & Lambert, 1987 is considered a junior synonym of Acleotrema. The nine species of the latter genus are transferred to Acleotrema as: A. diplobulbus (Yamaguti, 1968) n. comb., A. nenue (Yamaguti, 1968) n. comb., A. spiculare (Yamaguti, 1968) n. comb., A. yamagutii (Oliver, 1983) n. comb., A. nenuoides (Rakotofiringa, Oliver & Lambert, 1987) n. comb., A. parastromatei (Rakotofiringa, Oliver & Lambert, 1987) n. comb., A. serrulopenis (Rakotofiringa, Oliver & Lambert, 1987) n. comb., A. tamatavense (Rakotofiringa, Oliver & Lambert, 1987) n. comb. and A. oliveri (León-Règagnon, Pérez-Ponce de León & Garcia- Prieto, 1997) n. comb. An historical account of the species of Acleotrema is presented.     

A new species of Lernanthropus De Blainville, 1822 (Copepoda: Lernanthropidae) parasitic on Menticirrhus ophicephalus (Jenyns) (Teleostei: Sciaenidae) from the Peruvian coast

Lernanthropus huamani n. sp. (Copepoda: Lernanthropidae), a parasite of the Peruvian sciaenid fish Menticirrhus ophicephalus (Jenyns), is described and illustrated. The new species differs from all other species of Lernanthropus by a combination of characters, including the dorsal plate, legs and other appendages. L. guacoldae Villalba & Fernández, 1984 is considered a synonym of L. pacificus Oliva & Duran, 1982.     

Revision of the monogenean subfamily Thoracocotylinae Price, 1936 (Polyopisthocotylea: Thoracocotylidae), with the description of a new species of the genus Pseudothoracocotyla Yamaguti, 1963

Members of the subfamily Thoracocotylinae are gastrocotylid monogeneans of Spanish mackerels (scombrid fishes of the genus Scomberomorus) from warm to warm-temperate seas around the world. We revise the diagnosis of the subfamily and recognise two genera and three species as valid. The genus Paradawesia Bravo Hollis & Lamothe Argumedo, 1976 is synonymised with Thoracocotyle MacCallum, 1913, and Dawesia Unnithan, 1965 and Methoracocotyle Lebedev, 1984 are synonymised with Pseudothoracocotyla Yamaguti, 1963. Thoracocotyle crocea MacCallum, 1913 (syns T. paradoxica Meserve, 1938 and Paradawesia bychowskyi Bravo Hollis & Lamothe Argumedo, 1976) is recorded from two species of Scomberomorus in the eastern Pacific (California to Peru) and four in the western Atlantic (South Carolina to Brazil). Pseudothoracocotyla ovalis (Tripathi, 1956) Yamaguti, 1963 (new syns Dawesia indica Unnithan, 1965, D. incisa Lebedev, 1970, Methoracocotyle scomberomori (Young, 1968) Lebedev, 1984, M. gigantica (Rohde, 1976) Lebedev, 1984 and Thoracotyle indica (Unnithan, 1965) Murugesh, 1995) is recorded from the gills of seven species of Scomberomorus from the Indo-west Pacific (eastern South Africa north to the Persian Gulf, and east to Fiji). Pseudothoracocotyla whittingtoni n. sp. is described from an eighth Indo-west Pacific scomberomorid, S. munroi, in Australian waters.     

A taxonomic revision of the Nematotaeniidae Lühe, 1910 (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea)

A taxonomic revision of the Nematotaeniidae, involving the examination of over 400 specimens, was undertaken. Some new taxonomic characters have been introduced to allow distinction of the various species. The family contains 18 recognized species in four genera. The genusNematotaenia Lühe, 1910 contains four species, namelyN. chantalae Dollfus, 1957,N. dispar (Goeze, 1782) Lühe, 1910,N. hylae Hickman, 1960, andN. tarentolae Lopez-Neyra, 1944.N. kashmirensis Fotedar, 1966,N. dollfusi, Yuen & Fernando, 1974 andN. viride Mokhtar-Maamouri & Chakroun, 1984 are considered junior synonyms ofN. dispar. N. aurangabadensis Chincholikar & Shinde, 1975,N. lopezneyrai Soler, 1945 andN. mabuiae Shinde, 1968 are consideredspecies inquirendae: the latter species probably belongs in the genusOochoristica Lühe, 1898 (Anoplocephalidae: Linstowiinae). The genusCylindrotaenia Jewell, 1916 is shown to possess two testes per segment and not one as originally proposed:Baerietta Hsü, 1935 is consequently synonymized withCylindrotaenia. Cylindrotaenia is divided into five species-groups on the basis of adult morphology. The first group contains two American species, namelyC. americana Jewell, 1916 andC. idahoensis (Waitz & Mehra, 1961) n. comb. The second group contains species from Australia and New Zealand, namelyC. allisonae (Schmidt, 1980), n. comb.,C. criniae (Hickman, 1960) n. comb.,C. decidua (Ainsworth, 1985) n. comb.,C. hickmani (Jones, 1985) n. comb. andC. minor (Hickman, 1960) n. comb. A third species group consists ofC. jaegerskioeldi (Janicki, 1926) n. comb.,C. magna n. sp. andC. philauti Crusz & Sanmugasunderam, 1971 and occurs in Africa, Sri Lanka and Japan. The fourth group, apparently restricted to Japan, contains a single species,C. japonica (Yamaguti, 1938) n. comb. The fifth group containsC. montana (Yamaguti, 1954) n. comb. and occurs in Japan and Tibet.C. quadrijugosa Lawler, 1939 is synonymized withC. americana, andBaerietta claviformis Yamaguti, 1954 is synonymized withC. japonica. C. baeri (Hsü, 1935) n. comb.,C. chilensis (Puga & Franjola, 1983) n. comb.,C. diana (Helfer, 1948) Lehmann, 1960,C. malayi (Yuen & Fernando, 1974) n. comb. andC. roonwali Nama, 1972 arespecies inquirendae. The genusDistoichometra, Dickey 1921 contains a single species, namelyD. bufonis Dickey, 1921.D. kozloffi Douglas, 1958 andBaerietta enteraneides (Helfer, 1948) Yamaguti, 1959 are reduced to synonymy withD. bufonis. Bitegmen n. g. is proposed to accomodate a single species,B. gerrhonoti (Telford, 1965) n. comb., which was previously included in the genusBaerietta. The present distribution of the Nematotaeniidae is largely related to that of their anuran hosts. Nematotaeniids probably arose in Gondwanaland.     

Four species of Lepidapedoides Yamaguti, 1970 (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae) from fishes of the southern Great Barrier Reef, with a tabulation of host-parasite data on the group

Four species of the genus Lepidapedoides Yamaguti, 1970 are described from Heron Island, southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. They are: Lepidapedoides angustus n. sp. in Epinephelus fasciatus (type-host), E. cyanopodus, E. merra, E. quoyanus, E. ongus, Cephalopholis miniata and Diploprion bifasciatum; L. dollfusi (Durio & Manter, 1968) n. comb. [originally Neolepidapedon] in Epinephelus cyanopodus; L. ovale (Yamaguti, 1942) n. comb. [originally Pseudocreadium] in Caesio cuning and Pterocaesio marri; and L. parvulus n. sp. in Pterocaesio marri (type-host) and Caesio cuning. Host and distribution information on the species of the genus are tabulated according to morphological group. Mycterobonacinus Nasir & Gomez, 1977 is considered synonymous with Lepidapedoides, and M. magnifus is considered a synonym of L. nicolli.     

蝙蝠寄生长吸盘属一新种（吸虫纲：枝腺科）

本文论述长吸盘属Longitrema一新种——杭州长吸盘吸虫,新种Longilremahangz-houensissp.Nov.,模式标本采自浙江省桐庐县大足鼠耳蝠的小肠中。对新种与近似种梨形长吸盘吸虫Longitremapiriforme(Yamaguti,1939)Chen,1954作了详细的描述。     

Species of Caligus Müller, 1785 (Copepoda: Caligidae) parasitic on marine fishes of Taiwan

Six species of copepods of the genus Caligus (Caligidae, Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on marine fishes of Taiwan are reported. They are: C. absens n. sp. from Priacanthus blochii and P. macracanthus; C. epinepheli Yamaguti, 1936 from Scolopsis vosmeri; C. kanagurta Pillai, 1961 from Decapterus kurroides; C. laticaudus Shiino, 1960 from Lutjanus vitta and Parapristiopoma trilineatum; C. nengai Rangnekar, Rangnekar & Murti, 1953 from Triacanthus biaculeatus; and C. rotundigenitalis Yü, 1933 from Drepane punctata, Liza macrolepis and Terapon jarbua. C. distortus Pillai & Natarajan, 1977 is relegated to a synonym of C. nengai and C. multispinosus Shen, 1957 reported by Lin et al. (1994) from the cultured sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli is a misidentification for C. rotundigenitalis Yü, 1933.     

Diplectanum yamagutii sp.n.(Monogenea, Monopisthocotylea, Diplectanidae), Parasite de Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsskål) à Hawaii

Diplectanum yamagutii sp.n., a gill parasite of Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsskål, 1775) off Hawaii is described from amongst the type-material deposited by Professor S. Yamaguti in the National Parasite Collection of the United States National Museum of Natural History at Beltsville (Maryland, USA). Diplectanum yamagutii sp.n., D. diplobulbus Yamaguti, 1968, D. nenue Yamaguti, 1968, D. spiculare Yamaguti, 1968 and D. kyphosi (Yamaguti, 1968) comb.n. are sympatric parasites of Kyphosus cinerascens off Hawaii. These five species are distinguished by the shape and size of the armature of both the cirrus and the haptoral sclerotised pieces.     

A revision of the family Zoogonidae Odhner, 1902 (Platyhelminthes: Digenea): Subfamily Lepidophyllinae and comments on some aspects of biology

Summary A detailed revision of the zoogonid subfamily Lepidophyllinae is presented, using morphological characters discussed in an earlier paper. Twelve genera and 50 species are treated in detail with keys and cladograms to genera and species. The genera and species covered are: Lepidophyllum steenstrupi, L. appyi, L. armatum, L. brachycladium, L. cameroni, L. pleuronectini, L. pyriforme, L. schantaricum, Urinatrema hispidum, U. hirudinacea, Panopula cavernossa, P. bridgeri, P. spinosa, Limnoderetrema minutum (Manter, 1954) [formerly Deretrema] n.g. (in freshwater fishes; genital pore at oral sucker or pharynx level), n. comb., Brachyenteron peristedioni, B. acropomatis, B. campbelli, B. doederleiniae, B. magnibursatum, B. parexocoeti, B. pycnorganum, Steganodermatoides kergeleni, S. agassizi, S. allocytti, S. maceri, Neosteganoderma glandulosum, N. infundibulum, Proctophantastes abyssorum, P. gillissi, Deretrema (Deretrema) fusillus, D. (D.) cholaeum, D. (D.) pacificum, D. (Spinoderetrema) plotosi, D. (S.) acutum, D. (S.) fellis, D. (S.) ovale, D.(S.) sebastodis, D. (Luxitrema) philippinensis, D. plagiorchis, Pseudochetosoma salmonicola, Overstreetia sodwanaensis, Steganoderma (Steganoderma) formosum, S. (S.) atherinae, S. (Lecithostaphylus) retroflexum, S. (L.) depauperati (Yamaguti, 1970) n. comb., S. (L.) hemirhamphi, S. (L.) nitens, S. (L.) parexocoeti, S. macrophallos, S. oviformis. Most zoogonids were found to exhibit some level of predilection for a particular piscine host group, but little general information on the zoogeography of the group was discovered. Ultrastructural evidence is presented suggesting that the membranous egg-capsule of the zoogonines shows vestiges of the three layers of a normal tanned egg-shell.     

A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON SPORAE DISPERSAE FROM THE LOWER SHIHHOTZE SERIES OF HOKÜ DISTRICT,NW SHANSI

The literatures on the Permian Sporae dispersae are rather meagre and scattered ascompared with those on the Carboniferous.The correlation of sediments of long geo-graphical distance in this period is thus nearly impossible at this moment.As far as isknown to the present writer,the contributors to the Permian microflora are Dalhunty(1945,49),Balme(1952,1955,1956),Imgrund(1952,1960),Klause(1953),Potonie& Klause(1954),Leschik(1956);Luber(1938),Kara-Murza(1952),Samoilovich(1953),Zoricbeva & Sedova(1954),Andreeva(1956),Zauer(1960),Medvedeva(1960)andothers.     

Monorchiid trematodes of the painted sweetlips,Diagramma labiosum (Perciformes: Haemulidae), from the southern Great Barrier Reef,including a new genus and three new species

Five monorchiid species are reported from Diagramma labiosum Macleay (Perciformes: Haemulidae) collected from Heron Island on the southern Great Barrier Reef (GBR): two described species, Helicometroides longicollis Yamaguti, 1934 and Diplomonorchis kureh Machida, 2005 and three new species, including one new genus, Asymmetrostoma heronensis n. g., n. sp., Lasiotocus arrhichostoma n. sp. and Proctotrema addisoni n. sp. Helicometroides longicollis and D. kureh were previously reported from the closely related species Diagramma pictum (Thunberg) from Japan. Two further monorchiid species known from D. pictum, Genolopa plectorhynchi (Yamaguti, 1934) and Paraproctotrema fusiforme Yamaguti, 1934, appear to be absent from the southern Great Barrier Reef. Previous reports of two other monorchiids from D. labiosum from the GBR, Paramonorcheides pseudocaranxi Dove & Cribb, 1998 and Helicometroides vitellosus (Durio & Manter, 1968), are shown to have been made in error. The high richness of monorchiids and other trematode families in D. labiosum is consistent with that seen in other haemulids elsewhere.     

The subfamily Aephnidiogeninae Yamaguti, 1934 (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae), its status and that of the genera Aephnidiogenes Nicoll, 1915, Holorchis Stossich, 1901, Austroholorchis n. g., Pseudaephnidiogenes Yamaguti, 1971, Pseudoholorchis Yamaguti, 1958 and Neolepocreadium Thomas, 1960

The status of all of the putative member genera of the subfamily Aephnidiogeninae is reconsidered, based mainly on the morphology of the terminal genitalia. Aephnidiogenes Nicoll, 1915 is the only genus retained in the Aephnidiogeninae. Aephnidiogenes major Yamaguti, 1934 from Diagramma labiosum from the southern Great Barrier Reef is redescribed with particular reference to the terminal genitalia, and is shown to lack a true cirrus-sac, a condition considered to be diagnostic of the Aephnidiogeninae. Holorchis Stossich, 1901 is placed in the subfamily Lepidapedinae. Holorchis pycnoporus Stossich, 1901 from Pagellus acarne from off Spanish Sahara and from Diplodus vulgaris from off Italy and H. legendrei Dollfus, 1946 from Sparodon durbanensis and D. sargus from off eastern Cape Province, South Africa and from Pagellus erythrinus from the Adriatic Sea and Italy are studied and illustrated. The terminal genitalia of H. pycnoporus are found to be enigmatic, but those of H. legendrei are found to fit clearly into the 'Lepidapedon-like' pattern. A new genus Austroholorchis is erected in the Lepidapedinae, with A.sprenti (Gibson, 1987) n. comb. as the type-species. Its diagnostic features are its ani, infundibuliform oral sucker and the position of the ovary at about mid-level of the uterus . A. sprenti is illustrated, its hosts in Queensland waters being Sillago maculata, S. analis and S. ciliata. A. levis n. sp. is described from Sillago bassensis from south-western Western Australia. The genus PseudaephnidiogenesYamaguti, 1971 is placed in the Lepidapedinae. P. rhabdosargi (Prudhoe, 1956) from Rhabdosargus sarba from off Natal, South Africa is illustrated and the terminal genitalia of P. rhabdosargi from R. sarba and from R. holubi from off eastern Cape Province and Pseudaephnidiogenes rossi Bray, 1985 from Caffrogobius nudiceps from off eastern Cape Province, South Africa are illustrated. The genus Pseudoholorchis Yamaguti, 1958 is placed in the subfamily Lepocreadiinae. The terminal genitalia of P. pulcher (Manter, 1954) from Latridopsis ciliaris from New Zealand are illustrated. The genus Neolepocreadium Thomas, 1960 is placed in the Lepocreadiidae.     

Species of Calydiscoides Young, 1969 (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from lethrinid fishes, with the redescription of all of the type-specimens and the description of C. euzeti n. sp. from Lethrinus rubrioperculatus and L. xanthochilus off New Caledonia

Type-specimens of all known species of Calydiscoides Young, 1969 from lethrinids, namely C. australis Young, 1969 (type-species), C. difficilis (Yamaguti, 1953) Young, 1969, C. duplicostatus (Yamaguti, 1953) Young, 1969, C. rohdei Oliver, 1984 and C. gussevi Oliver, 1984, were re-examined; the male copulatory organs (MCO) of the type-specimens are figured for comparison. Two groups are distinguished within Calydiscoides: the 'difficilis' group, with a massive MCO (C. difficilis and C. rohdei), and the 'australis' group, with a branched MCO (C. australis, C. duplicostatus and C. gussevi). Species of Calydiscoides were found in seven species of Lethrinus (Lethrinidae) off New Caledonia, South Pacific. C. australis and C. gussevi from L. miniatus, their type-host, and C. rohdei from L. atkinsoni, its type-host, are re-described from New Caledonian specimens; all were previously known only from off eastern Australia and are new geographical records for New Caledonia. C. euzeti n. sp. is described from specimens collected from L. rubrioperculatus (type-host) and L. xanthochilus off New Caledonia. Specimens from the two hosts have slightly different measurements of the haptoral hard-parts but a similar morphology of the MCO. The new species belongs to the 'australis' group and is characterised by its MCO, which is 70-83 mum in length, elongate in shape with a characteristic anterior curved whip.