PVA共固定化双菌种发酵海藻酒的研究*

采用PVA为载体共固定化酿酒酵母和产香酵母发酵海藻,酿造海藻酒。对游离细胞与固定化细胞的分批发酵和连续发酵的动力学进行了研究并建立了相应的发酵动力学方程。实验结果表明：酿酒酵母和产香酵母二种菌种菌量的最佳配比为4：l,发酵温度20℃．共固定化细胞分批发酵和连续发酵凝胶粒的充填系数分别为0．25和0．5,游离混合细胞的发酵时间为7d。共固定化细胞连续发酵稀释速率0．12／h,其发酵时间为0.5d左右。经160d连续发酵实验,PVA固定化细胞粒子的机械强度良好。     

PVA共固定化双菌种发酵海藻酒的研究

采用ＰＶＡ为载体共固定化酿酒酵母和产香酵母发酵海藻,酿造海藻酒。对游离细胞与固定化细胞的分批发酵和连续发酵的动力学进行了研究并建立了相应的发酵动力学方程。实验结果表明：酿酒酵母和产香酵母二种菌种菌量的最佳配比为４∶１,发酵温度２０℃,共固定化细胞分批发酵和连续发酵凝胶粒的充填系数分别为０２５和０５,游离混合细胞的发酵时间为７ｄ,共固定化细胞连续发酵稀释速率０１２／ｈ,其发酵时间为０５ｄ左右。经１６０ｄ连续发酵实验,ＰＶＡ固定化细胞粒子的机械强度良好。     

固定化酵母酒精发酵动力学性质的初步研究

用固定化细胞连续发酵生产酒精是酒精发酵工艺的重大改革,有关这方面的研究已有许多报道,部分已完成了中试。不过、到目前为止,固定化酵母酒精发酵动力学性质方面的研究只有少数报道。本文用海藻酸钠固定化酵     

微生物发酵过程的多种培养技术

微生物发酵是一种很复杂的生化过程,除了与菌种的生产性能有关,还与培养基的配比、原料的质量、灭菌条件、发酵条件和过程控制等有密切关系.传统的微生物发酵过程主要有分批、半连续、分批补料、连续发酵等几种方式,不同的培养技术各有其优缺点.了解生产菌种在不同的生产工艺条件下的细胞生长、代谢和产物合成的变化规律将有助于发酵过程烫的控制.     

固定化根霉发酵生产脂肪酶

以聚氨酯为少根根霉固定化载体,对固定化后的细胞连续重复批次发酵进行了研究。优化了重复批次发酵培养基组成。在取代发酵液40mL,取代培养基组成为全脂豆粉3%,花生油0.5％条件下,固定化菌体摇瓶实验可连续使用140h,重复9批次。酶的时空产率提高6倍。5L发酵罐小试固定化菌体可连续发酵6批次。固定化细胞连续发酵,大大缩短了发酵的时间,酶的时空产率获得大幅提高。     

固定化黑曲霉发酵玉米糖液生产柠檬酸的研究*

利用PVA复合凝胶包埋黑曲霉的孢子及菌丝体。固定后的细胞经过一系列预培养 ,用于发酵玉米生产柠檬酸。试验确定的固定化细胞摇瓶发酵生产柠檬酸最适条件为 :玉米糖液浓度 1 0Bx,培养温度 35℃ ,摇瓶转速 2 5 0r/min。经此条件发酵 64h ,柠檬酸产率最高达到 96g/L ,通常稳定在 90g/L左右。同时对柠檬酸连续批次发酵生产进行了初步研究 ,固定化黑曲霉可连续使用 8批次以上 ,其柠檬酸产量稳定在 86～ 92g/L之间 ,这为柠檬酸连续发酵提供了有利的保证 ,并探讨了有关的工艺技术条件     

固定化黑曲霉发酵玉米糖液生产柠檬酸的研究

利用PVA复合凝胶包埋黑曲霉的孢子及菌丝体。固定后的细胞经过一系列预培养,用于发酵玉米生产柠檬酸。试验确定的固定化细胞摇瓶发酵生产柠檬酸最适条件为：玉米糖液浓度10Bx,培养温度35℃,摇瓶转速250r/min。经此条件发酵64h,柠檬酸产率最高达到96g/L,通常稳定在90g/L左右。同时对柠檬酸连续批次发酵生产进行了初步研究,固定化黑曲霉可连续使用8批次以上,其柠檬酸产量稳定在86－92g/L之间,。这为柠檬酸连续发酵提供了有利的保证,并探讨了有关的工艺技术条件。     

葡萄糖母液摇瓶发酵生产柠檬酸

深层发酵生产柠檬酸,国内主要以薯干为原料。而利用葡萄糖母液为原料发酵生产柠檬酸,国内尚无报道。为此我们进行了菌种选育和发酵条件试验的研究。     

固定化生长酵母连续生产酒精的研究

采用固定化生长细胞方法,以柱式生物反应器连续发酵甜菜糖蜜酒精。酒精能力为39.45g/L凝胶/h,停留时间1.8小时。生物反应器具有良好的稳定性,连续工作50天,发酵醪酒精含量在8.5％(v/v)以上。系统研究了最适固定化条件,用L_(16)(4~5)正交试验确定了最佳发酵条件。     

固定化米根霉发酵制L-乳酸

采用海藻酸钙包埋法固定化米根霉（Ｒｈｉｚｏｐｕｓｏｒｙｚａｅ）,菌体在颗粒表面形成一层菌丝膜,有利于氧气和其它营养物质的传递;三相流化床生物反应器结构简单、动力消耗低、反应器内物质混合均匀、氧传递量大于固定化米根霉的需氧量,非常适合好氧的固定化米根霉发酵。利用它进行重复使用固定化米根霉的间歇发酵或连续发酵制备Ｌ 乳酸,整个过程一般可持续两周以上。固定化米根霉的产酸速率达１６～１８ｇ／Ｌ ｂｅａｄ．ｈｒ,得率为７０～８０％,反应器生产能力约为传统搅拌罐的３倍。采用海藻酸钙包埋法固定化米根霉在三相流化床生物反应器中进行发酵可以有效地提高Ｌ 乳酸的生产效率,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.