Chromosomal assignment of the murine gene encoding the transformation-related protein p53.

p53 is a transformation-related protein that is encoded by the cellular genome and is synthesized at elevated levels in a wide range of different cell line types and in primary tumors of various species. By using several independently established anti-p53 monoclonal antibodies, it was possible to distinguish between p53 of mouse origin and p53 of Chinese hamster origin. By analysis of a series of mouse X Chinese hamster hybrid cell lines containing various mouse chromosomes, we mapped the p53 gene product to mouse chromosome 11.     

Chromosomal assignment of the recoverin gene and cancer-associated retinopathy

The deduced amino acid sequence of the recently cloned mouse 23kD photoreceptor cell-specific protein showed it to be identical to the recoverin protein and the CAR (cancer-associated retinopathy) protein. DNA sequence variants were found in the mouse recoverin gene (Rcvrn), and segregation analysis of restriction fragment length variants in recombinant inbred strains of mice assigned Rcvrn to mouse Chromosome (Chr) 11, between Sparc (3.7 map units) and Zfp-3 (2.3 map units). These results demonstrate a close linkage of recoverin to the tumor suppressor gene, Trp53. On the basis of these data, knowledge of the function of recoverin, and the characteristics of CAR, an experimentally testable model is presented to explain the molecular basis for CAR.     

Chromosomal assignment of the human immunophilin FKBP-12 gene

FKBP-12 is the major T cell binding protein for the immunosuppressive drugs FK506 and rapamycin. It is a member of the immunophilin family of proteins which are believed to play a role in immunoregulation and basic cellular processes involving protein folding and trafficking. The chromosomal assignment of the human FKBP-12 gene was determined by using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify an intron-containing region of the gene in purified DNA isolated from 42 human-rodent somatic cell hybrids. The results of this analysis indicated that the FKBP-12 gene resides on human chromosome 20.     

Chromosomal assignment of porcine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein gene family

This study presents the chromosomal assignment of a multiple pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) gene family in the domestic pig (pPAG). The pPAG locus was identified by physical mapping (fluorescent in situ hybridisation—FISH; with various probes), and additionally confirmed by Southern hybridisation of pPAG amplicons using laser microdissected Sus scrofa chromosome 1 (SSC1), as genomic templates. Various pPAG probes were produced with the use of diverse identified templates: pPAG1-6, -8, -10 cDNAs (GenBank: L34360–1, AF315377, AF272734, AY188554, AF272735, AY373029 and AY775784, respectively), or genomic DNA (gDNA) probes of pPAG2 gene and its promoter (GenBank: U39198–9, U39762–3, U41421–4). All probes, including long gDNA probes (～9.2 kbp GpPAG2 gene; ～2.8 kbp GpPAG2 promoter), a shorter cDNA probe (PlpPAG4, 1385 bp) and amplified pPAG2-like probes (ApPAG2L) specific for cDNA inserts of pPAG2-like gene subfamily (pPAG2, -4, -6, -8 and -10; 1283–1385 bp) were produced by random priming using biotin-labelled deoxynucleotides (16-dUTP). Numerous FISH mappings with various pPAG probes revealed the chromosomal assignment of the pPAG gene family to the long arm of porcine chromosome 1 (SSC1q16–q24 region). This cytogenetic assignment was confirmed by Southern hybridisation (with ³²P-labelled pPAG10 probe) of multiple distinct pPAG amplicons (603–3943 bp) produced with the use of 25 laser microdissected SSC1, as gDNA templates. This is the first study identifying the chromosomal locus of the pPAG gene family in the pig.     

Chromosome assignment of the murine Hox-4.1 gene

The murine homebox gene 4.1 was assigned to chromosome 2 by Southern analysis of somatic cell hybrids and by in situ hybridization. This assignment and the report of Featherstone et al. (M. S. Featherstone, A. Baron, S. J. Gaunt, M. G. Mattei, and D. Duboule, 1988, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85, 4760-4764) indicate that a fourth group of homeobox genes is located on chromosome 2 in the mouse (in addition to the homeobox gene clusters on chromosomes 6, 11, and 15).     

Chromosomal assignment of the gene for the ubiquinone-binding protein of human mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex

The ubiquinone-binding protein (QP-C) is a nuclear-encoded subunit of the cytochrome bc1 complex in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and is thought to be involved in the electron transfer reaction coupled to energy transduction. We recently isolated a nuclear gene for human QP-C and used, in the present study, its fragment as a probe for Southern blot analysis of EcoRI-digested DNAs prepared from 14 human-mouse somatic cell hybrids. The results indicated that the human QP-C gene is located on chromosome 8.     

Chromosomal assignment of two putative canine keratin gene clusters

Mutations in keratin genes account for a number of inherited keratodermas in humans. The groups of basic and acidic keratin genes are clustered on human chromosomes 12 and 17, respectively. The present authors have assigned the two putative keratin gene clusters to canine chromosomes using canine cosmid clones. Successful fluorescence in situ hybridization mapped the putative cluster of canine acidic genes to dog chromosome 20 and the putative cluster of basic keratin genes to a small autosome not yet included in the partial canine standard karyotype.     

Chromosomal assignment of LASP1 and LASP2 genes and organization of the LASP2 gene in chicken

Lasp-1 and lasp-2 are actin-binding proteins that contain a LIM domain, two nebulin repeats and an SH3 domain with significant identity. We determined the chromosomal locations of the LASP1 and LASP2 genes in chicken by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The LASP1 gene was localized to a pair of microchromosomes and the LASP2 gene was localized to chromosome 2p3.1, indicating that the chromosomal locations of the LASP1 and LASP2 genes are highly conserved between chicken and human. The comparison of genomic and cDNA sequences of chicken lasp-2 and nebulette, a nebulin-related protein in muscle, suggested that both the corresponding mRNAs shared exons in the same manner as their human homologues. When compared with the domain structure of nebulette, another nebulin repeat was predicted for lasp-2, and all the nebulin repeats of lasp-2 were better conserved than those in nebulette. We also found the exon boundaries in nebulin repeats of lasp-2 were similar to those of other nebulin-related proteins.     

Chromosomal assignment of a novel human gene D40.

We have previously reported an identification of a novel human cellular factor, D40. Here, we report the chromosomal localization of the gene that encodes D40. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to determine the chromosomal region that D40 gene resides. The chromosomes that derived from normal adult male lymphocytes were hybridized with a mixture of cDNA probes that cover the entire coding region of D40. D40 gene mapped to the long arm of chromosome 15q14-15.     

Structure of the murine E-selectin ligand 1 (ESL-1) gene and assignment to Chromosome 8

A 150-kDa glycoprotein designated in the mouse as E-selectin ligand-1 (ESL-1; gene symbol Selel) was first isolated based on its ability to function as a ligand for E-selectin. The gene appears equivalent to that for membrane glycoprotein MG160 encoded in the human by the locus for Golgi apparatus protein 1 (GLG1). ESL-1 is also highly homologous to the chicken cysteine-rich fibroblast growth factor receptor (CFR). We describe the genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the Selel locus. The gene is encoded by 27 exons and extends over approximately 75 kb. It maps to murine Chromosome (Chr) 8 in a region homologous to human Chr 16q where the GLG1 locus maps, further indicating that Selel and GLG1 are mouse and human equivalents of the same gene. Received: 21 April 1999 / Accepted: 12 July 1999     

Chromosomal assignment of the murine Gi alpha and Gs alpha genes. Implications for the obese mouse

The G protein family of transmembrane signaling molecules includes Gs and Gi, the stimulatory and inhibitory regulators of adenylate cyclase. These and other characterized G proteins are comprised of beta, gamma, and alpha chains, the latter being the most variable among the proteins and thus serving to distinguish them. Previous results (Begin-Heick, N. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 6187-6193) suggested that the autosomal recessive mouse mutation obese (ob), which results in an abnormal response of adipose tissue to lipolytic hormones, is due to a defect in the gene coding for the alpha chain of Gi. In order to test this hypothesis we used a cloned cDNA probe representing murine Gi alpha mRNA in conjunction with a panel of Chinese hamster-mouse somatic cell hybrids segregating mouse chromosomes to map the Gi alpha gene in the mouse. In addition, we used a cDNA probe representing the murine Gs alpha gene to a specific mouse chromosome. Our results indicate that the Gi alpha locus maps to mouse chromosome 9, while Gs alpha is localized to region 2E1-2H3 of mouse chromosome 2. Localization of the Gi alpha gene to chromosome 9 excludes this gene as a site of the ob mutation, since the ob locus maps to chromosome 6. Furthermore, our findings indicate that certain members of the murine G protein alpha gene family have dispersed to different chromosomes since diverging from a common ancestral gene.     

Chromosomal assignment of a glutamic acid transfer RNA (tRNAGlu) gene to 1p36

Summary A gene for tRNA^Glu has been assigned to human chromosome 1p36 by in situ hybridisation using a [³H]-labelled or biotinylated 2.4-kb (human) DNA fragment containing a tRNA^Glu gene as a probe. With the biotinylated DNA probe a secondary statistically significant site of hybridisation was observed at 1q21–22 which might represent a pseudogene or related sequence. In fibroblasts from gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) using biotin labelling, a single site of hybridisation occurred at 1qter which provides further support for homology of 1q in the higher apes and human 1p.     

Chromosomal localization, gene structure, and expression pattern of DDAH1: comparison with DDAH2 and implications for evolutionary origins

Endogenously produced asymmetrically methylated arginine residues are competitive inhibitors of all three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) specifically hydrolyzes these asymmetrically methylated arginine residues to citrulline and methylamines. Previously we have proposed that regulation of asymmetric methylarginine concentration by DDAH may provide a novel mechanism for the regulation of NOS activity in vivo. Recently we reported the cloning of human DDAH and identified a novel human DDAH isoform (DDAH I and DDAH II, respectively). Here we report that the DDAH1 gene maps to chromosome 1p22 and confirm that DDAH2 maps to the MHC III region of chromosome 6p21.3. Extensive analysis of the distribution of DDAH1 and DDAH2 mRNA in 50 human tissues indicates differential expression of DDAH isoforms in brain regions, in immune cells, and during development. DDAH2 expression predominates in highly vascularized tissues that express the endothelial NOS isoform and in immune tissues that can express iNOS. Whereas DDAH2 is expressed at relatively high levels in all fetal tissues examined, DDAH1 expression varies little between fetal and adult tissues. The chromosomal localization of the DDAHs is consistent with gene duplication, and consistent with this, comparison of the gene structures indicates that the intron/exon organization is highly conserved. Phylogenetic analysis of DDAH sequences from diverse species suggests that DDAH gene duplication occurred prior to the emergence of bony fish some 400 million years ago. Overall the data suggest that DDAH2 may be the more ancient of the two genes.     

Chromosomal assignment of the porcine NALP5 gene, a candidate gene for female reproductive traits

NALP5, also known as MATER (maternal antigen that embryos require), is an oocyte-specific maternal effect gene required for early embryonic development. Because of the specificity of NALP5 expression, and its role in female fertility, NALP5 is an interesting candidate gene for economically important female reproductive traits. Here we describe the chromosomal assignment of the porcine NALP5 gene to the long arm of pig chromosome 6 (SSC6q21-22), a region known to harbour several reproduction quantitative trait loci.     

Chromosomal mapping, gene structure and characterization of the human and murine RAB27B gene

Background  

Rab GTPases are regulators of intracellular membrane traffic. The Rab27 subfamily consists of Rab27a and Rab27b. Rab27a has been recently implicated in Griscelli Disease, a disease combining partial albinism with severe immunodeficiency. Rab27a plays a key role in the function of lysosomal-like organelles such as melanosomes in melanocytes and lytic granules in cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Little is known about Rab27b.