血红蛋白酸性琼脂电泳及其临床应用

本文介绍一种酸性琼脂电泳方法。它可以比较容易地分开血红蛋白A和血红蛋白F、可将异常血红蛋白分成两大类,即酸性电泳阳性和酸性电泳阴性两类异常血红蛋白。此法在血红蛋白病中比较常用的是鉴别血红蛋白S与其它电泳速度相同的变异物,帮助诊断镰状细胞贫血。在常见病方面,这种方法还能分开血红蛋白A和糖基化血红蛋白,用来帮助诊断糖尿病。     

高原鼠兔血红蛋白氧亲和力P50的测定

青藏高原鼠兔(pika)是高原的适应土著动物。在高海拔地区它能保持较高的氧分压和氧饱和度,随海拔的增高它的肺动脉压增高不显著,而且没有过度的红细胞增生,这些都是对低氧环境适应的良好表现。为了探讨鼠兔对高原低氧环境适应的机理,我们分别     

几种农田作物害鼠经济阈值的测定

1 引言 农田害鼠的危害经济阈值是害鼠防治的依据,也是害鼠管理的一个重要指标,王华弟等及邢林等曾报道过这方面的研究,但未能考虑害鼠群落中各种鼠的数量组成比例和危害强度的不同,1983年,在山东     

植物的血红蛋白

近几年来,植物血红蛋白的研究进展十分迅速,豆科植物中与共生固氮无关的血红蛋白基因和包括禾本科植物在内的许多非豆科植物血红蛋白基因的发现使人们对植物血红蛋白有了新的认识,进而把植物血红蛋白分为共生血红蛋白和非共生血红蛋白两种类型。对这两种血红蛋白的性质、功能、基因结构及表达等方面的研究不仅对共生固氮中植物与微生物的相互关系和固氮工程研究;而且对植物细胞的呼吸代谢和耐涝机理等研究有重要价值。     

六种鼠苹果酸脱氢酶,血浆蛋白质和血红蛋白的变异分析

本文分析了家鼠属（Ｒａｔｔｕｓ）４种鼠和姬鼠属（Ａｐｏｄｅｍｕｓ）２种鼠的苹果酸脱氢酶、血浆中β１区和β２区蛋白质、血浆清蛋白、前清蛋白以及红细胞中血红蛋白的变异。结果表明,ＭＤＨ在进化上是比较保守的,其中ＭＤＨｍ和ＭＤＨｓ２带在各鼠间位于同一泳动线上,仅ＭＤＨｓ１带的泳动速度出现属间和种间的微小差异;血浆中β１区和β２区的蛋白质带、清蛋白带以及前清蛋白带各鼠间出现明显的变异,表现为黑线姬鼠和社鼠在β１区出现２种多态型区带,褐家鼠在β２区也有２种多态型带;各鼠间的血红蛋白变异比较明显,主要表现在区带数和主成分的泳动度显著不同,而且社鼠的Ｈｂ出现３种多态型,黄毛鼠出现２种多态型,其余各鼠的Ｈｂ皆为单态性。上述１６项生化特性按相似和相异进行配对比较,初步表明黄毛鼠与褐家鼠亲缘上比较相近,白腹巨鼠要比其他３种鼠亲缘上更接近于黑线姬鼠,而社鼠与白腹巨鼠之间进化分歧相对地较大。     

尿样中三种蛋白质的毛细管电泳分离检测方法研究

目的:建立毛细管电泳分离测定人尿样中转铁蛋白、白蛋白和血红蛋白的新方法.方法:通过选择运行缓冲溶液种类及浓度、pH、表面活性荆种类及浓度、分离电压、进样时间对蛋白质分离效果的影响,优化了毛细管电泳法分离转铁蛋白、白蛋白和血红蛋白的条件.结果:利用此方法测定三种蛋白质的含量,浓度在0.01到1.00 g L-1范围内与峰电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限均为10-4 g L-1.结论:所建立的方法用于人尿样中转铁蛋白、白蛋白和血红蛋白的测定,结果满意.     

滇金丝猴和菲氏叶猴血红蛋白及几种同功酶的比较研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对滇金丝猴和菲氏叶猴血红蛋白和几种同功酶在相同电泳条件下进行了分析和比较。 电泳:采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶圆盘电泳(8.9×0.5cm),T=6.5％;聚丙烯酰胺凝胶板电泳(14×13cm),T=7.2％,pH8.3的Tris—Glycine缓冲液;北京六一仪器厂DYY—Ⅲ型电泳仪;电流3mA/管、2mA/cm~2;电流时间3h(圆盘),5h(板)。染色参考Davidson et al.(1965)、Tashion et al.(1971)、Mikio Kuboki(1978)、牛满江、童弟周(1978)等的方法并略加修改。     

德发现一种罕见血红蛋白

德国波恩大学的科学家最近发现了一种罕见的血红蛋白,用这种血红蛋白检测血氧含量容易对患者病情造成误诊。     

615小鼠血红蛋白珠蛋白α链的分离纯化及氨基酸组成

用CM－cellulose-23柱层析分离纯化了615小鼠珠蛋白α链,测定其N－末端氨基酸为缬氨酸。615小鼠珠蛋白α链含有141个氨基酸残基,其中含19个亮氨酸残基,10个组氨酸残基,9个缬氨酸残基,上述三种氨基酸残基的数目与文献中新本不同。     

反胶束萃取血红蛋白的研究

研究了ＣＴＡＢ－正辛醇－正庚烷交束溶液萃取牛血红蛋白（ｐＨｂ）时、ｐＨ值、表面活性剂浓度、助表面活性剂浓度、离子种类和离子强度、溶剂比以及蛋白质浓度等因素对萃取效果的影响,并以蛋白质分子与表面活性剂分子间的相互作用以及反胶束大空间阻碍作用上进行了解释。研究表明,水相ＰＨ值在１０．５￣１２．５之间,ＫＣ１浓度为０．１ｍｏｌ／ｌ,反胶束溶液中表面活性剂浓度为０．０２ｍｏｌ／ｌ,正辛醇与正庚烷之比为０．     

Hemoglobin transition in relation to metamorphosis in normal and isogenicXenopus

Summary Electrophoretic separation of hemoglobins of normalXenopus laevis and of isogenic animals derived from female hybrids ofXenopus laevis×Xenopus gilli revealed 5–9 components in premetamorphic larvae, and 3–4 components in adult toads. InXenopus laevis the number of larval hemoglobin components showed considerable variation, but this variation was absent in isogenic tadpoles, suggesting a genetic basis for hemoglobin polymorphism in larvae.Electrophoretic separation of larval and adult hemoglobins at different concentrations of acrylamide and treatment of these solutions with mercaptoethanol revealed that larval hemoglobin components are charge isomers, whereas adult hemoglobin was found to contain a minor dimeric component.Estimation of hemoglobin components showed that the main increase in adult hemoglobin, i.e from 30–90% of total hemoglobin, occurs within 4 weeks after completion of metamorphosis. By incroporation of³H amino acids in vivo a switch to preferential synthesis of adult hemoglobin and a corresponding decrease in larval hemoglobin production could be demonstrated during early climax stages. This suggests that thyroid hormones are involved in the hemoglobin transition. Yet chemical inhibition of the larval thyroid by thiourea resulted in a delayed but complete hemoglobin transition without morphological transformation. It is concluded that hemoglobin transition and morphological transformation of theXenopus tadpole require different concentrations of thyroid hormones.Abbreviations Hb hemoglobin - Hb_A adult hemoglobin - Hb_L larval hemoglobin     

Quantitative variations of the isoforms in haptoglobin 1-2 and 2-2 individual phenotypes

Haptoglobin is a hemoglobin-binding protein presenting in humans three distinct phenotypes (Hpt 1-1, Hpt 1-2, or Hpt 2-2). The Hpt 1-2 and Hpt 2-2 phenotypes are in turn represented by populations of isoforms. The relative amounts of the major isoforms of Hpt 1-2 and Hpt 2-2 were found to differ not only in different individuals, but also in the same individual before and after a physical effort. Exercise-dependent changes in the plasma concentrations of ascorbate, urate, alpha-tocopherol, retinol, and glutathione were also observed, but correlations between such changes and those of the amount for any isoform were not found. Samples of Hpt 1-2 or Hpt 2-2 were challenged with oxidants (H(2)O(2) with ferrous ions, spermine-NO, KO(2), and 3-morpholinosydnonimine), but the isoform levels were not altered. Hpt 2-2 isoforms were present in Hpt 1-2, as minor species. Furthermore, different isoforms exhibited different hemoglobin binding abilities. Thus, these parameters should also be taken into consideration in studies correlating Hpt phenotypes prevalence with pathologies or functional differences.     

Characterization of multiple alleles of the T-cell differentiation marker ART2 (RT6) in inbred and wild rats

ART2 (RT6) belongs to the family of mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs). ART2 is a T-cell differentiation marker expressed by the majority of mature peripheral T cells in the rat. The two known ART2 allotypes display approximately 95% amino acid identity. We sequenced the ART2 coding regions from 18 inbred rat strains and found two additional alleles, termed Art2 ^a2 and Art2 ^b2 . Monoclonal antibody Gy12/61 specifically reacted with Art2 ^a2 but not Art2 ^a1 lymph node cells. Expression of ART2 allotypes in Jurkat cells confirmed this specificity. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using restriction fragment length polymorphisms is described, which allows the easy discrimination of Art2 alleles. All four laboratory rat alleles, as well as an additional sequence variant, were found amongst 18 wild rat DNA samples. PCR analysis confirmed the selective presence of a rodent identifier (ID) element in the Art2 ^a but not the Art2 ^b alleles in all rats studied. Analysis of Art2 ^a1 and Art2 ^b2 genes showed greater divergence in coding than in non-coding regions. Together with the finding of a high number of non-synonymous mutations leading mostly to non-conservative amino acid substitutions clustered on the side facing away from the cell surface, this suggests that the Art2 polymorphism has been subject to selection.     

The analysis of hidden electrophoretic variation: Interspecific electrophoretic differentiation and amino acid divergence

Summary In a study of 25 human variants and 23 evolutionary alleles of hemoglobin we show that intraspecific and interspecific patterns of electrophoretic variability are not comparable. Significant deviation from the predicted electrophoretic differentiation between evolutionary alleles is normally found only when amino acid sequence divergence exceeds 10%. When two sequences had diverged at less than 30 out of 287 amino acid residues sites, only 7% of comparisons showed significant deviations from the expected difference of electrophoretic mobility, while significant deviation was shown by 57% of comparisons involving 30–40 residue differences, by 79% in the case of 51–60 differences and by all of the comparisons involving more than 60 differences. In contrast, human variants, which differ by only one or two amino acid residues (less than 1% difference), had significant deviations in 58% of comparisons. Those mutations that appear as fixed differences in the evolutionary material probably represent only a subset of the mutations which can appear within the species. The results suggest that statistical comparisons such as genetic distance may not measure the same process within a species as between species. This is due not to inherent problems with the statistic, but rather to inherent differences in the nature of molecular changes that are detectable by electrophoresis at different stages of population divergence.     

广州地区育龄人群地中海贫血基因分型及筛查漏检误诊的原因分析

摘要 目的：了解广州地区育龄人群的地中海贫血（简称：地贫）基因携带率及基因型分布特征,分析地贫筛查的漏检和误诊原因,为育龄地贫基因携带者进行人工辅助受孕提供依据。方法：收集2019年1月到2021年12月在我院生殖医学科就诊并同时进行地贫筛查及地贫基因检测的育龄患者31455例,分析其地贫相关实验室检查结果,包括红细胞参数、红细胞渗透脆性、血红蛋白电泳及地贫基因检测,计算地贫基因携带率,并通过比较筛查和基因检测结果找出漏筛和误诊病例。结果：共检出育龄地贫基因携带者4455例,地贫基因携带率为14.16 %。其中,α-地中海贫血3365例,常见的基因型有-- ^SEA /αα、-α^3.7/αα和 -α^4.2/αα;β-地中海贫血914例,常见的基因型有β^{CD41-42(-TCCT)} /β ^N 、β^{IVS-2-654(C→T)} /β ^N 和β^-28(A→G) /β ^N ;α-合并β-地中海贫血176例,最常见的基因型是β^{CD41-42(-TCCT)} /β ^N /-- ^SEA /αα。漏筛病例有731例,多为静止型α-地贫。误诊病例有4784例,其中有2701例误诊病例其红细胞渗透脆性和红细胞参数均正常,仅因HbA2<2.5 %且HbA>97.5 %被误诊为携带地贫基因。结论：广州地区的育龄人群具有较高的地贫基因携带率,静止型α-地贫容易在筛查中被漏检。     

In vitro studies of the influence of glutathione transferases and epoxide hydrolase on the detoxification of acrylamide and glycidamide in blood

Enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotic substances are often polymorphic in humans. Such genetic polymorphisms may result in inter-individual differences in detoxification of certain chemicals, and as a consequence, possibly affect health-risk assessments. This present work concerns studies of the influence of polymorphic enzymes in the detoxification of acrylamide and its metabolite glycidamide. Enzymes that enhance conjugation with glutathione (GSH), the glutathione transferases (GSTs), may influence the detoxification of both acrylamide and glycidamide, whereas the enzyme epoxide hydrolase (EH) should only catalyse the hydrolysis of glycidamide. In this study, the doses of acrylamide or glycidamide measured as specific adducts to hemoglobin (Hb) were analysed in blood samples after in vitro incubation with these compounds. Blood samples from individuals with different genotypes for GSTT1 and GSTM1 were studied. No significant differences in adduct levels depending on genotype were noted. In a parallel experiment, incubation with ethylene oxide was used as positive control. In this experiment individuals carrying GSTT1 showed lower adduct level increments from ethylene oxide than individuals lacking GSTT1. Furthermore, addition of ethacrynic acid or laurylamine, compounds which inhibit GST and EH, respectively, did not affect the adduct levels. These results suggest that neither GSTs nor EH have any significant effect on the blood dose, measured as Hb-adducts over time, after exposure to acrylamide or glycidamide.     

Differential hemoglobin synthesis in murine erythroleukemic cells: hemin effects

The addition of butyric acid to murine erythroleukemic cells (clone T3Cl2) induced the cells to differentiate, producing adult hemoglobin (A, alpha 2,beta 2) and an embryonic hemoglobin (E2, alpha 2Y2). The subsequent addition of hemin to the differentiating cells increased the synthesis of adult hemoglobin four-fold and the synthesis of embryonic hemoglobin two-fold; the relative synthesis of the alpha and beta globins increased more than the y globin. The embryonic hemoglobin was expressed prior to the adult hemoglobin in differentiating cells.     

Uteroglobin-like antigen in the pulmonary epithelium and secretion of the lung

Summary The immunological identity of a uteroglobin-like protein, occurring in respiratory tract secretions and tissue, with uteroglobin from rabbit endometrial secretion is demonstrated. A uteroglobin-like antigen has been localized in bronchial epithelial cells and in bronchioles by immunofluorescence. This secretory protein is, in contrast to the authentic uteroglobin, hormone-independent, as far as estrogens and progesterone are concerned. The possible significance of comparative studies on uteroglobin and the uteroglobin-like antigen is discussed, taking into account cytological, endocrinological, and molecularbiological aspects.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany, Grant Be 524/5Dedicated to Professor Dr. Drs. h.c. Berta Scharrer, New York     

Impairment of Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier in Multiple Sclerosis

The blood-CSF barrier (BCB) function in active multiple sclerosis (MS) was studied by means of CSF proteins analysis using disc electrophoresis and immunofixation. Forty-five CSF samples were obtained by repeat lumbar punctures at various intervals, from four autopsy-proven cases and three male and nine female patients with clinically definite MS. When total protein content was increased, the percentages of prealbumin and tau fraction were decreased significantly in association with the presence of haptoglobin (Hp) polymers in nearly all the samples, as a result of increased permeability of the BCB. Even when the total protein content was normal, Hp polymers were detected in 56% of the samples, and the tau fraction tended to be decreased. Monoclonal immunoglobulin and Hp polymers were both recognized in some cases. The results suggested a more frequent occurrence of BCB impairment in MS than had formerly been revealed by CSF albumin analysis, and accorded with the recent reports of contrast-enhancing lesions of MS brain in computerized tomography.