乌药提取物对消化系统的作用

乌药水提物、醇提物均能降低小鼠甲基橙胃残留率,在20g/kg剂量能够增大小鼠小肠炭末推进率;对家兔离体肠平滑肌蠕动有明显抑制作用,并能对抗乙酰胆碱、磷酸组胺、氯化钡所致肠肌痉挛。     

十两茶水提物降糖作用及机制研究

探讨了湖南安化黑茶的主要品种十两茶水提物的降糖作用及机制.选用6～8周龄db/db自发性糖尿病模型小鼠,每日灌胃给予3个不同剂量的十两茶水提物(100、200、400 mg/kg),连续28 d.每周测定空腹血糖值,实验结束时检测糖耐量和胰岛素水平.研究结果显示,十两茶水提物400 mg/kg给药28 d就能显著降低db/db糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖和改善其对葡萄糖耐受能力.同时,十两茶水提物能显著降低db/db糖尿病小鼠血清胰岛素水平,增加葡萄糖耐量试验胰岛素的释放.结果显示十两茶水提物对2型糖尿病小鼠具有很好的降糖作用,其作用机制与增加胰岛素敏感性有关.     

滇结香花水提物对2型糖尿病小鼠降血糖作用的初步研究

本文旨在研究滇结香花水提物对2型糖尿病小鼠空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)和血脂的影响。主要通过高脂饲养联合小剂量链脲佐菌素STZ腹腔注射法对C57BL/6J小鼠建立2型糖尿病模型,治疗4周后发现同模型组相比,滇结香花水提液的低(1 g/kg)、中(2 g/kg)、高(3 g/kg)剂量组小鼠的FBG、糖化血红蛋白量(HbA1c)均有明显降低(P0.05),血清胰岛素(FINS)水平显著升高(P0.05),同时可有效调节脂质代谢并且滇结香花中、高剂量组对于模型小鼠胰岛的修复有较明显的作用。因此滇结香花水提物能较好地降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖,其机制可能与修复损伤胰岛、调节血脂代谢有一定的关系。     

两色金鸡菊醇提物对2型糖尿病小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨两色金鸡菊醇提物,肠道菌群和2型糖尿病(T2DM)之间的可能联系。方法收集模型组(A),两色金鸡菊醇提物高剂量组1.8 g/kg(B),两色金鸡菊醇提物中剂量组1.2 g/kg(C),二甲双胍对照组0.2 g/kg(D),空白对照组(E)粪便样本,采用16S r DNA实时荧光定量PCR技术检测粪便样本中球形梭菌与多形拟杆菌的水平;运用Pearson分析方法,对目标菌属水平与各组小鼠的空腹血糖(FBG)做相关性分析。结果 1与正常组比较,模型组中球形梭菌与多形拟杆菌水平均增高(P=0.017,P=0.002)。2两色金鸡菊醇提物高剂量组与模型组相比,球形梭菌与多形拟杆菌的水平下降,且有统计学差异(2周:P=0.027,P=0.006;4周:P=0.007,P=0.012)。3球形梭菌水平、多形拟杆菌水平均与FBG水平呈正相关。结论两色金鸡菊醇提物对2型糖尿病小鼠肠道菌群存在着一定的影响且与其血糖水平存在相关性。     

西施舌水提物对链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用(英文)

采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱发糖尿病小鼠模型,观察西施舌水提物对糖尿病小鼠血糖和糖原含量的影响,以及对6-磷酸果糖激酶、丙酮酸激酶、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶、果糖-1,6-二磷酸酶、糖原合酶、糖原磷酸化酶等糖代谢相关酶活性的影响。研究西施舌对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖效果和机制。结果表明,西施舌水提物能降低正常小鼠血糖水平和提高血糖耐受性,降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖和血液尿素含量,提高血清总蛋白含量。西施舌水提物能调节糖尿病小鼠的肝糖原含量和糖代谢相关酶活性趋于正常水平,其中灌胃西施舌150 mg/kg的糖尿病小鼠调节效果最佳。西施舌水提物可通过调节糖代谢相关酶活性保持糖尿病小鼠血糖稳态。     

小叶榕不同提取物的主要药效学研究

为研究小叶榕不同提取部位的镇咳、抗炎作用,采用氨水致咳小鼠动物模型、枸橼酸致咳豚鼠动物模型来评价小叶榕不同提取部位的镇咳作用;采用二甲苯滴耳廓致肿胀的小鼠动物模型、大鼠棉球肉芽肿动物模型来评价小叶榕不同提取部位的抗炎作用。结果表明:小叶榕醇沉不溶物能延长小鼠和豚鼠的咳嗽潜伏期,但不能减少咳嗽次数,小叶榕水提物、水提醇沉溶解物、大孔吸附树脂吸附洗脱物能延长小鼠和豚鼠的咳嗽潜伏期,并能减少咳嗽次数,其中水提醇沉溶解物镇咳作用最强;小叶榕醇沉不溶物不能减轻二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀的程度,能减轻大鼠棉球肉芽肿足跖肿胀的程度,但效果不明显,小叶榕水提物、水提醇沉溶解物、大孔吸附树脂吸附洗脱物均能明显减轻二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀的程度,并能明显减轻大鼠棉球肉芽肿足跖肿胀的程度。这表明国产小叶榕不同提取部位具有明显的镇咳、抗炎作用。     

五加皮及其混乱品种的药理作用研究

本文对刺五加、细柱五加、红毛五加、香加皮的醇提物及红毛五加水提物五种药液的药理作用进行了比较研究。结果如下：（１）分组腹腔注射五种药液对巴豆油引起的小鼠耳部炎症均有显著的抑制作用,其中以红毛五加水提物的抗炎作用最强。（２）灌胃给五种药液只有红毛五加水提物和刺五加醇提物能明显延长小鼠游泳时间。（３）对环磷酰胺所致白细胞数减少的小鼠分组灌胃五种药液,结果表明红毛五加水提物、刺五加醇提物及细柱五加醇提物均有明显的升白作用。（４）在研究五种药液影响巴比妥钠诱导小鼠睡眠的实验中,结果显示灌胃刺五加醇提物能明显延长小鼠的睡眠时间,香加皮和红毛五抓醇提物则明显缩短小鼠的睡眠时间,细住五加醇提物和红毛五加水提物对小鼠睡眠时间无影响。     

野菊水提物和醇提物抗氧化及保肝活性研究

采用ABTS和DPPH方法评价野菊Chrysanthemum indicum水提物和醇提物的抗氧化活性;选用HepG2细胞,通过乙醇诱导损伤,检测野菊水提物和醇提物处理后细胞存活率评价其保肝效果。结果表明,野菊醇提物抗氧化能力优于水提物,其中,野菊醇提物对ABTS自由基清除作用较好。酒精性肝损伤细胞活性测定显示,5、10、20μg·mL^-1的野菊水提物和醇提物处理组较乙醇损伤组(eth)细胞的存活率显著上升,总体呈现剂量依赖性,其中野菊醇提物保肝效果更优。     

超滤与醇沉对黄芪、红芪抗大鼠脑缺血的影响

目的:比较超滤法与醇沉法对黄芪与红芪保护脑缺血大鼠作用的影响。方法:将大鼠分为黄芪与红芪水煎液、醇沉物、超滤物及正常、模型等组,在给药的基础上注射地塞米松来复制血瘀证模型,实验结束时结扎颈总动脉来复制脑缺血模型,通过观测脑组织代谢水平及抗氧化系统的活性,研究超滤法与醇沉法对黄芪与红芪抗脑缺血作用的影响。结果:6 g(原生药)/kg黄芪、红芪的水提取物及其水提醇沉物与超滤物可明显提高缺血脑组织中ATP的含量与SOD、CAT的活性,降低MDA的含量,6 g(原生药)/kg黄芪、红芪的水提取物及其超滤物可降低脑组织中乳酸以及脑组织含水量;与黄芪、红芪的水提物相比,在脑组织MDA与含水量、SOD、CAT的活性等方面,黄芪、红芪的水提醇沉物的作用明显减弱。结论:黄芪、红芪水提液及其醇沉液与超滤液具有明显的抗脑缺血作用且相同提取方法所得黄芪与红芪的提取物之间的作用差异不明显;醇沉法对黄芪、红芪的抗脑缺血作用有明显削弱的影响。     

茅莓对大鼠非细菌性前列腺炎的影响

采用角叉菜胶和消痔灵制备大鼠非细菌性前列腺炎病理模型,研究茅莓提取物对大鼠非细菌性前列腺炎的影响。取前列腺炎模型大鼠随机分为模型对照组、茅莓水提物高(5.0 g/kg)、低剂量组(2.5 g/kg)、茅莓醇提物高(5.0 g/kg)、低剂量组(2.5 g/kg),各组灌胃给药每天2次,连续28 d,观察大鼠前列腺湿重、指数及病理组织检查等指标的变化。结果表明:茅莓能抑制前列腺炎模型大鼠前列腺腺体增重(P<0.05),减轻炎性细胞浸润和损伤(P<0.05),对大鼠非细菌性前列腺炎有一定的治疗作用。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism