花曲柳窄吉丁的寄主植物范围、危害和防治对策

花曲柳窄吉丁(emerald ash borer, EAB) Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire是木犀科（Oleaceae）梣属Fraxinus植物树木的毁灭性蛀干害虫,目前发现其主要危害欧梣亚属Subgen. Fraxinus欧梣组(Section Fraxinus)和象蜡树组（Section Meliodes）的一些树木种类,如美国白蜡Fraxinus americana、洋白蜡F. pennsylvanica var subintegerrima、绒毛白蜡F. velutina、黑白蜡F. nigra和水曲柳F. mandshurica等。与早期文献上的记载不同,很少发现花曲柳窄吉丁对苦枥木亚属Subgen. Ornus白蜡树组(Section Ornaster)的白蜡树F. chinensis Roxb和花曲柳F. rhynchophylla造成危害。不同寄主白蜡树对花曲柳窄吉丁的敏感性不同,洋白蜡、绒毛白蜡等北美白蜡树种受其危害重于亚洲的水曲柳。这可能是由于长期的适应进化,分布在亚洲地区的梣属寄主树木发展了对花曲柳窄吉丁的抗虫性。中国部分地区发生的花曲柳窄吉丁灾害应该归属于引进的北美白蜡树种对本地害虫敏感所致。在天津、黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、山东、四川、台湾、内蒙古和新疆等省市和自治区,都曾发现花曲柳窄吉丁的危害或分布。白蜡属树木广泛分布于我国除了青藏地区和海南省之外的大部分地区,其中大面积引种北美白蜡树种的北方和西北地区,以及近年来种植发展水曲柳的东北地区都是花曲柳窄吉丁这种毁灭性蛀干害虫的潜在发生地。花曲柳窄吉丁在我国部分地区为检疫性林业害虫,做好检疫是杜绝其扩散蔓延的首要方法。我国局部地区出现花曲柳窄吉丁灾害说明,北美白蜡树种在我国的适应性还需要进行更进一步科学的全面的风险评估,在我国生态建设中应重视利用我国本地的白蜡树种。在花曲柳窄吉丁灾害的治理中,可采用营造混交林以降低蔓延的速度和发挥自然控制能力,加强肥水管理以增强树木的抗虫能力,清除被害木消灭虫源,以及幼虫期树干注射、成虫期喷洒化学农药等防治措施。     

基于分子标记的白蜡树属椒叶梣组系统发育及谱系地理格局形成

木犀科白蜡树属椒叶梣组（Fraxinus sect. Sciadanthus）由自然分布于中国中部的对节白蜡（Fraxinus hupehensis S.Z.Qu,C.B.Shang&P.L.Su）、喜马拉雅西部的椒叶梣（Fraxinusxanthoxyloides(G.Don)DC.）和非洲北部的Fraxinus dimorpha 3个物种组成,呈现出特殊的间断分布模式,目前该组的起源和演化过程尚不清楚。利用ITS、psbA-trnH、rpl32-trnL和matK 4个标记对白蜡树属42个物种间的系统发育关系进行分析,结果表明：（1）利用ITS序列构建的贝叶斯系统树支持Wallander的分类方法,即属内再分成6个组,对节白蜡、椒叶梣和F. dimorpha都属于椒叶梣组,且该组与欧梣组（sect. Fraxinus）的亲缘关系最近,形成姐妹组;（2）椒叶梣可能是F. dimorpha与欧亚种的杂交后代;（3）BEAST分化时间图显示,白蜡树属最早起源于42.05 Ma,椒叶梣组最早分化于21.86 Ma,对节白蜡最早分化于11.87 Ma。青藏高原的快速隆起可能是导致椒叶...     

四川省梣属一新种

本文发表了在四川省南川县金佛山发现的梣属(白蜡树属)的一个新种, 即Fra-xinus nanchuanensis Sun et Wu, sp.nov.。     

论中药材“秦皮”的原植物

本文着重对中药材“秦皮”的原植物(6个种)进行详细考证,以澄清在分类、鉴定和命名上的混乱(异名63个),并对其形态变异、地理分布和经济用途等进行论述。其中,尖叶梣(新种)是陕西秦皮的主流原植物,曾被长期误定为白蜡树Fraxinus chinensis Roxb.的变种,大叶梣(花曲柳)是个广布多型种(日本的“”为一亚种),它是东北秦皮的主流原植物,其正确学名为Fraxinus obovata Bl.(s.l.),但这一早期合法名的模式竟然是它根际萌枝的幼叶。其次,秦岭梣和柳叶梣(宿柱白蜡树)也是秦岭一带所产秦皮的原植物。上述白蜡树是栽培种(放养白蜡虫,生产白蜡),但国内许多其他野生种的标本常被误定为白蜡树,它的枝皮可代作秦皮。小叶梣分布局限,其枝皮可作“秦皮”,但商品药材少见。此外,洋白蜡树不药用,伪品秦皮主要是核桃楸皮,本文不涉及。     

阿克苏市5种常见绿化树种滞尘规律

绿化树种在截留沙尘、降低大气颗粒污染物浓度、改善城市生态环境等方面发挥着不可替代的作用。该文选取新疆南部典型绿洲城市——阿克苏市不同功能区的绿化树种, 用多重比较法对比分析了二球悬铃木(Platanus × acerifolia)、新疆杨(Populus alba var. pyramidalis)、圆冠榆(Ulmus densa)、天山梣(Fraxinus sogdiana)和垂柳(Salix babylonica) 5个树种叶片平均滞尘量随时间变化及不同高度叶片的滞尘能力, 探讨了阿克苏市主要绿化树种的滞尘规律, 得出以下结论: 不同绿化树种单位叶面积滞尘量差异显著, 差距在1.15-2.17倍之间, 绿化树种滞尘量随着时间延长而增加; 同一树种在城市不同功能区的滞尘能力不同: 工业区>交通枢纽区>居民区>清洁区; 不同高度的叶片, 其滞尘量在工业区和交通枢纽区差异显著: 高度1 m的叶片滞尘量>高度2 m的叶片滞尘量>高度4 m的叶片滞尘量。     

木犀科植物叶绿体基因组结构特征和系统发育关系

木犀科11属19个种叶绿体基因组的一般特征和变异特征的比较分析显示, 结果表明, 该科叶绿体基因组大小为154-165 kb, 其差异主要是大单拷贝(LSC)长度的差异所致。Jasminum属3个物种的叶绿体基因组长度与其余物种有较大差异, 该属clpP基因内含子和accD基因丢失。共线性分析表明, Jasminum属3个物种多个基因出现基因重排现象, 倒位可能是重排的主要原因。Jasminum属在IRb/SSC和SSC/IRa边界的基因均与其它物种不同; 重复序列与SSR数量检测结果表明, Jasminum属与其余物种在数量及重复长度上差异较大。基于CDS数据构建的系统发育树表明, Abeliophyllum distichum和Forsythia suspensa为木犀科中较早分化的类群。     

木犀科植物叶绿体基因组结构特征和系统发育关系

木犀科11属19个种叶绿体基因组的一般特征和变异特征的比较分析显示, 结果表明, 该科叶绿体基因组大小为154-165 kb, 其差异主要是大单拷贝(LSC)长度的差异所致。Jasminum属3个物种的叶绿体基因组长度与其余物种有较大差异, 该属clpP基因内含子和accD基因丢失。共线性分析表明, Jasminum属3个物种多个基因出现基因重排现象, 倒位可能是重排的主要原因。Jasminum属在IRb/SSC和SSC/IRa边界的基因均与其它物种不同; 重复序列与SSR数量检测结果表明, Jasminum属与其余物种在数量及重复长度上差异较大。基于CDS数据构建的系统发育树表明, Abeliophyllum distichum和Forsythia suspensa为木犀科中较早分化的类群。     

NaCl胁迫对美国白蜡幼苗部分生理指标的影响

美国白蜡(Fraxinus americana Linn.)为木犀科(Oleaceae)白蜡树属(Fraxinus Linn.)落叶乔木,原产加拿大南部和美国,其干形通直、树形美观,是水土保持和庭院绿化的优良树种[1],具有较为突出的耐干旱和耐盐碱能力[2]。目前对美国白蜡耐盐能力的研究主要集中于引种试验和树种对比方面[2-4]。郝明灼等[5]的研究结果显示:在NaCl胁迫条件下美国白蜡叶肉细胞超微结构无明显损伤,显示出较强的耐盐能力。为进一步探讨美国白蜡耐盐的生理机制,作者以美国白     

追根溯源话丁香——系统演化

<正>丁香缘何来：基因组演化—组系分化—物种分化你一定熟悉早春“无人亦自芳”的连翘（连翘属）、家具用材的水曲柳（梣属）、甜香馥郁的桂花（木犀属）和尽人皆知的油橄榄（木犀榄属）这些木犀科的明星植物吧。丁香所在的木犀科里有28个属400多种植物,相对于3亿多年前出现的银杏和1亿4 000万年前繁盛的木兰,     

耐盐树种绒毛白蜡

绒毛白蜡(Fraxinus velutina)又名绒毛梣,是木犀科落叶乔木。它喜湿耐涝、耐盐碱、抗病虫、树姿优美、材质好,为优良绿化树种。我们1983年开始在黄河三角洲盐碱地区,作了引种、育苗和栽培试验。目前,绒毛白蜡已在当地沟渠、公路两侧和道路、庭院绿化中普遍推广。     

Notes on the Chenopodiaceae of Ethiopia, Somalia and Southern Arabia

Atriplex griffithii is divided into two subspecies, ssp. griffithii and ssp. stocksii , stat. nov. Atriplex farinosa is typified and divided into two subspecies, ssp. farinosa and ssp. keniensis , stat. nov. A new species of Atriplex, A. nogalensis is described from Somalia. The subtribe Sevadinae is revised and found to consist of the two monotypic genera Sevada and Fadenia and the genus Lagenantha with two species, L. cycloptera , comb. nov. (which includes the types of Gyroptera and Cycloptera) , and L. gillettii , comb. nov.     

中国韧革菌(Ⅱ)

本文报道中国韧革菌科(Stereaceae Pilat)真菌15种和1亚种,隶属于血革菌属(Haematostereum Pouzar)、齿脉菌属(Lopharia Kalchbr.& MacOwan)和柄杆菌属(Podoscypha Patouillard).其中有3个新组合种和2个新记录种,它们是:厚血革菌(Haematostereum australe(Lloyd)Z.T.Guo,comb.nov.)、紫灰血革菌(Haematostereum illudens(Berk.)Z.T.Guo,comb.nov.)、金丝血革菌(Haematostereum spectabile(Kl.)Z.T.Guo,comb。nov.)、纸状齿脉菌(Lopharia papyracea(Jungh.)Reid)和无毛柄杯菌(Podoscypha glabrescens(Berk.& Curt.)Boidin)。标本全部保藏于中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)。     

A revision of the genus Lasianthus (Rubiaceae) in Africa, excluding Madagascar

23 species, one subspecies and three varieties have been described or named for the pan-tropical genus Lasianthus Jack (Rubiaceae) in continental Africa. In the present revision thirteen species, five subspecies and one variety are recognized; additionally two hybrids are proposed. Of the previously named taxa, the subspecies is raised to species rank whereas two species are degraded to subspecies and variety status, respectively. Five species are synonymised including two varieties, and four are left with uncertain status, including one variety. The distribution of the genus in Africa consists of two distinct elements: one component is found in the Guineo-Congolian regional centre of endemism and one in the eastern part of Afiomontane Archipelago-like regional centre of endemism. A centre of species diversity is found in Eastern Arc Mts., where six endemic species occur together with L. laxinervis and the more widespread L. kilimandscharicus. Four of the species are strict endemics of the Uluguru Mts. In addition to the presentation of the new section: Lasianthus Sectio Membranacei, sect. nov., this revision contain two hybrids from Uluguru Mts.: L. macrocalyx × pedunculatus and L. cereifizorus × pedunculatus, and following new taxa and new combinations: L. africanus ssp. biokoensis, subsp. nov.; L. africanus ssp. mayumbensis, comb. et stat. nov.; L. kilimandscharicus ssp. glabrescens, ssp. nov.; L. kilimandscharicus ssp. glabrescens var. xanthospermus, comb. et stat. nov.; L. kilimandscharicus ssp. hirsutus, ssp. nov.; L. laxinervis, stat. nov.; L. pedunculatus ssp. angustisepalus, ssp. nov.     

A taxonomic revision of Secale (Triticeae, Poaceae)

Several taxa have previously been recognized within Secale , but most of them are difficult or even impossible to distinguish morphologically. We recognize only three species: S. sylvestre, S. strictum , and S. cereale. Secale strictum has priority over S. montanum and has two subspecies, ssp. strictum and ssp. africanum , and two varieties within ssp. strictum , van strictum and var. ciliatoglume comb. nov. Secale cereale is also treated as having two subspecies. The cultivated taxa, marked by their tough rachises, are placed in ssp. cereale and the wild or weedy taxa that have more or less fragile rachis, in ssp. ancestrale. A complete synonymy is given for S. cereale , but typification has been omitted because, in many instances, type material does not exist or has been impossible to trace.     

Parallel ecoclinal evolution and taxonomy of F'rankenia (Frankeniaceae) in the Cape Verde Islands, W Africa

One species, the Macaronesian and N African Frankenia ericifolia , with three subspecies is recognized in the Cape Verde Islands: ssp. ericifolia (a coastal, xerophytic ecotype), ssp. caboverdeana ssp. nov. (a coastal, mesophytic ecotype), and ssp. montana ssp. nov. (a montane, hygrophytic ecotype). Subspecies caboverdeana and ssp. montana are endemic to the Cape Verde Islands. In addition, ssp. latifolia comb. et stat. nov. is tentatively recognized as endemic to the Canary Islands. Reproductive data suggest that the Capeverdean plants are self-compatible but mainly outcrossing. Mor-phometric analyses of field-collected material and progeny families cultivated under uniform conditions demonstrate that there is genetically based, clinal morphological variation connecting ssp. ericifolia and ssp. caboverdeana in several coastal areas that vary in humidity conditions because of varying exposures to the trade wind. Clinal variation was observed in leaf-, calyx-, petal-, and seed characters, probably caused by one or a few genetic factors that control organ size and are subjected to differential selection with respect to drought tolerance. The variation in progeny families derived from morphologically intermediate parents was no higher than the variation in progeny families derived from parents belonging to the "pure" subspecies. It is thus likely that the clinal variation is caused by primary evolution along continuous humidity gradients rather than hybridization. The existence of similar ecoclines in different islands and the potentially simple genetic basis of such clinality suggest that ssp. caboverdeana has evolved several times in mesic environments from xerophytic, ericifolia-like ancestors.     

短胖孢属、菌绒孢属和假尾孢属的几个新组合

本文报道5个新组合：金银忍冬短胖孢(Cercosporidium diervilae (Ell. Et Ev) Baiet Cheng,comb．Nov．);紫穗槐菌绒孢(Mvcovelloslclla passaloroidzs(Winte r)Bai et Chengcomb．Nov．);朝鲜槐假尾孢(Pseudocercospora cladrastidis(Jacz.) Bai et Cheng·comb. Nov);白头翁假尾孢(pscudoccrco spora]ilitormis(D;vi s)Bai et Chengt comb·nOV·)荚燕假尾孢(Pseudocercospora varia(Peck)Bai et Cheng。Comb．nOV·)这5个新组合是从Cercospora属转来修正的。     

氮添加和水分胁迫对红松、水曲柳幼苗生物量分配的影响

氮沉降和暖干化是我国东北地区面临的主要生态问题,它将对森林生态系统产生怎样的影响一直是生态学研究的热点.本研究以东北温带阔叶红松林中2个关键树种——红松和水曲柳为研究对象,探讨水分胁迫和氮(N)添加对其幼苗短期(55周)生长的影响.结果表明: 红松与水曲柳幼苗生长对N添加和水分胁迫的响应有明显差异.红松对水分胁迫更加敏感,在处理早期(10周)水分胁迫降低了红松幼苗叶生物量,提高了根生物量;N添加只在水分胁迫发生时显著减少了红松根和植株总生物量.水曲柳对N添加的反应更加敏感,氮添加迅速增加了水曲柳茎、根和总生物量;而只有持续的水分胁迫才对水曲柳的茎、根和总生物量有显著影响.红松和水曲柳在持续水分胁迫和N添加处理下,叶、根生物量占比和地上、地下生物量之比都趋于维持一个稳定值,说明两个树种都有很强的自我调节能力.以上结果说明,在未来干旱条件下,红松采取的是“积极”的调整策略,而水曲柳则是“被动”的适应策略,因而相比较而言,红松存活和适应能力可能更强;而在N沉降增加的环境下,水曲柳受益会更大.这些结果可为预测未来东北温带森林群落演替动态提供参考.     

A review of fossil cycad megasporophylls, with new evidence of Crossozamia pomel and its associated leaves from the lower permian of Taiyuan, China

Four species of cycad megasporophyll from the Lower Permian of Taiyuan, China, are described as Crossozamia chinensis (Zhu and Du) comb. nov., C. minor sp. nov., C. spadicia sp. nov. and C. cucullata comb. nov. together with the associated leaves Tianbaolinia circinalis gen. et sp. nov., Yuania chinensis Zhu and Du and Taeniopteris taiyuanensis Halle. An axis bearing megasporophylls in organic connection is described for the first time. Two possible evolutionary pathways from this structure to those of the female reproductive organs of extant cycads are proposed, involving either the reduction of the megasporophylls and their compaction on the axis, or the reduction of the “strobilus” axis. It is suggested that migration of cycads from North China to Europe might have occurred through transportation of their buoyant seeds by the palaeoceanic currents of the Tethys sea.