内蒙古银根-额济纳旗盆地白垩纪轮藻化石

本文记述了内蒙古银根一额济纳旗盆地8口钻井的白垩纪轮藻化石,建立两个轮藻化石组合：Mesochara stipitata-Clypeator jiuquanensis-Flabellochara hebeiensis组合,分布于巴音戈壁组与苏红图组,地质时代为Barremian期;Aclistochara mundula-Mesochara voluta组合产于银根组,地质时代为Aptian-Albian期。     

山西垣曲盆地始新世轮藻植物群

记述山西垣曲盆地河堤组任村至寨组里段轮藻化石,计１１属,１４种,２未定种,建立了一个地区性轮藻化石组合：Ｒａｓｋｙｅｌｌａｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ－Ｌｉｎｙｉｅｃｈａｒａｄｅｃｏｒｏｓａ－Ｓｔｅｐｈａｎｏｃｈａｒａｇｌｏｂｕｌａ组合,该组合位于中国早第三纪轮藻植物群序列中Ｏｂｔｕｓｏｃｈａｒａｊｉａｎｇｌｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ－Ｇｙｒｏｇｏｎａｑｉａｎｊｉａｎｇｉｃａ植物群的上部,轮藻植物群反映的地质时代始新世     

中国北方化石昆虫群的建立及其演化序列(英文)

作者几十年来已积累了众多的中国北方古生代晚期、中生代和第三纪的昆虫化石标本,对其长期的系统研究结果表明：中国北方昆虫化石演化序列可以划分为三个大的演化阶段,即古生代晚期、中生代和第三纪演化阶段,其中包含14个昆虫群虫和29个昆虫组合。这些昆虫群及其组会既反映了北方昆虫在地质历史上兴衰的发展规律,也为地层划分、对比与地质时代的鉴定提供了依据。     

西北地区潮水盆地侏罗系青土井群轮藻化石

潮水盆地青土井群为一套含煤碎屑岩,在盆地东部潮参l井青土井群三段发育大量以Aclistochara占优势的轮藻化石群,其组合特征显示浓厚的晚侏罗世色彩。青土井群一、二段轮藻化石稀少,结合地层层序,推测其地质时代为早侏罗世。围岩沉积特征表明本井轮藻化石群为浅水生物群。     

松辽盆地“松科1井(北孔)”晚白垩世晚期至古新世早期轮藻化石组合

松辽盆地"松科1井(北孔)"(210.66-1023.22m)嫩江组顶部-四方台组-明水组岩心中发现轮藻化石23属48种(包括4个未定种)。由下至上可建立四个化石带:Atopochara ulanensis-Hornichara anguangensis组合带,Atopochara ulanensis延限带,Hornichara prolixa-Gobichara deserta组合带和Grovesichara changzhouensis-Neochara sinuolata组合带。将"松科1井(北孔)"的轮藻化石与同一时期中国华北地区、华南地区及欧洲和南美等地的做对比,我们发现华南地区与欧洲、南美较为相似,而松辽盆地则与华北地区及蒙古戈壁盆地更为相似,具有标准化石意义的Atopocharoideae(奇异轮藻亚科)的晚期分子Atopochara ulanensis目前在全球仅发现于松辽盆地和蒙古戈壁盆地。根据各轮藻化石的时代分布,前三个组合的年代为中坎潘期(Campanian)至马斯特里赫特期(Maastrichtian)。第四个化石组合中晚白垩世代表分子消失,化石个体明显增大,顶部梅花形顶盖发育,侧壁具波状起伏,体现了一个完全不同于中生代面貌的生物群,其时代很有可能为古新世。因此,白垩系-古近系界线可能位于明水组二段上部。     

江西清江盆地临江组非海相腹足类化石及时代讨论

一、概述华南地区始新世陆相地层发育,腹足类化石极其丰富,搞清其分布、性质、组合特点及古生态对了解整个华南地区中、新生代区域地质发展、构造运动、沉积环境的演替以及寻找沉积矿产等都有很大意义。笔者对江西清江盆地临江组进行了生物地层和岩石学的工作。初步描述了腹足类化石24属、29种,其中包括1新属、7新种。按照腹足类化石产出层位和分布规律,初步建立了1个腹足类组合和3个亚组合,根据腹足类动物群的性质和组合特点,进行了一些生物地层的对比工作。综合介形类、轮藻、孢粉、鱼、植物的研究,对临江组的地质时代     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘志丹群轮藻化石

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘的志丹群,自下而上划分为宜君组、华池—环河组、罗汉洞组和泾川组。本文记述的轮藻化石采自华池—环河组、罗汉洞组和泾川组,共8属18种,其中6新种。除华池—环河组仅见Mesochara stipitata (S. Wang)Z. Wang外,罗汉洞组与泾川组的轮藻化石可分为4个组合,其地质时代分别属于早白垩世的巴列姆期、晚巴列姆期至早阿普第期,晚阿普第期和阿尔必期。     

哈萨克斯坦斋桑盆地新生代轮藻植物组合

斋桑盆地自晚白垩世以来即为淡水湖泊环境,其始新世至中新世湖相及湖边缘相沉积物产有丰富的轮藻化石。文中建立三个轮藻化石组合：(1)Harrisichara mitella—Peckisphaera zajsanica组合(中始新世早期);(2)Lychnothamnus formosus—Peckichara组合(中始新世晚期--渐新世早期);(3)Gyrogona aralica—sphaerochara clearus组合(中--晚渐新世)。斋桑盆地轮藻化石出现的最高层位为下中新统且化石稀少,推测系盆地环境日益干旱所致。     

首届国际现生和化石轮藻会议在法国蒙彼利埃市召开

国际现生和化石轮藻会议于1989年7月4日至8日在法国蒙彼利埃市举行,这是世界各国轮藻研究工作者的首次国际学术讨论会。来自17个国家的65位代表参加了会议。中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所黄仁金和地矿部地质科学研究院地质研究所刘俊英出席了会议。会议收到57篇论文摘要,其中有关现代轮藻的24篇,化石轮藻的33篇,内容涉及到轮藻的发育、演化、分类、微细构造、生化、生态、环境、生物地理区     

湖北南襄盆地枣阳凹陷第三纪轮藻化石及其地层意义

本文研究了南襄盆地枣阳凹陷第三系玉皇顶组到凤凰镇组轮藻化石。共划分出４个组合,其时代分别属早始新世、中始新世、晚始新世和渐新世。     

Predicting impacts of south‐to‐north water transfer project on fish assemblages in Hongze Lake,China

The Chinese government implemented the ambitious south‐north water transfer project (SNWTP), which aims to transport water from the Yangtze to the north of China where water shortages are severe. Although the ecological impacts of this project have been addressed publically, there remains a poor understanding of the effects of such large‐scale water transfers on the populations of aquatic species. The potential ecological impacts of such water transfers on the Hongze Lake fish assemblages are assessed here using Self‐Organizing Map (SOM) and Random Forest (RF) modeling. Using SOM, twenty‐three fish species in 15 sampling sites were classified into two assemblages and four sub‐assemblages corresponding to four distinct habitats (deep water macrophytes, deep water bare silt, shallow water bare silt, and shallow water macrophytes). The RF model further showed that water depth and transparency were the abiotic drivers underpinning fish assemblages in Hongze Lake. As the SNWTP is forecasted to modify the distribution of water depth and water clarity, major knock‐on effects are expected on downstream lake fish assemblages.     

Functional diversity of a parasite assemblages of the Chinese sleeper <Emphasis Type="Italic">Perccottus glenii</Emphasis> Dybowski, 1877 (Actinopterygii: Odontobutidae) and habitat structure of the host

Analysis of the functional diversity of the parasite assemblage of Chinese sleeper individuals, based on classification of parasites by the paths of fish infestation, was conducted. It was ascertained that individuals of the Chinese sleeper obtain mainly ecologically reduced variants of parasite assemblages in the acquired part of the habitat.     

Is coarse taxonomy sufficient for detecting macroinvertebrate patterns in floodplain lakes?

Taxonomic sufficiency (TS) — defined as the minimum taxonomic detail required to discern some ecological pattern of interest — has been used extensively in bioassessment and biodiversity studies as a way of avoiding a portion of the time and monetary costs associated with species diagnoses. The taxonomic sufficiency for detecting species-level patterns among floodplain-lake benthic-invertebrate assemblages remains unexplored. We examined cross-taxonomic-level congruence in assemblage-environment relationships among 23 Chinese floodplain lakes. Our objectives were: (1) to compare the correlation between species richness and density and those at coarser taxonomic resolution; (2) to identify whether assemblage-environment relationships depend on taxonomic scale; and (3) to test whether the proportion of between-lake variability accounted for by environmental variables was independent of taxonomic scale. When taxonomic structure was described using sequentially coarser taxonomic aggregations, species-level patterns of richness and abundance were sequentially obscured (i.e., genus-level taxonomy best preserved patterns in species composition, order- and class-level taxonomy poorly represented species composition). Similar environmental variables were important for distinguishing lake species assemblages and genus assemblages; however, different environmental variables were important for describing family-, order-, and class-level assemblage patters. Moreover, environmental variables accounted for a similar amount of biological variability, regardless of taxonomic scale. Our results suggest genus taxonomy as sufficient for rapid assessments of lake diversity. Numerical dominance of the species- and genus-rich Chironomidae, Tubificidae, and Naididae, may account for the marked loss of information that occurs when lake invertebrates are assigned only to their families. In summary, we describe taxonomic sufficiency to detecting patterns of richness and abundance among subtropical lake macroinvertebrate faunas. This study will interest Chinese benthologists concerned with conservation and bioassessment.     

长江中游浅水湖泊生物完整性时空变化

介绍了采用 Karr提出、经 Fausch等修订后的生物完整性指数 (IBI)进行水环境质量评价的原理和概念 ,并根据长江中游鱼类种类组成特征、可获得数据的类型和资料的性质 ,初步建立了适合长江中游浅水湖泊的 IBI体系。同时 ,以基本保持了长江中游浅水湖泊自然属性的五湖 1978年的调查数据为参照 ,选择长江中游不同类型的浅水湖泊进行了生物完整性时空变化的比较研究。结果表明 :以洪湖为例进行纵向比较 ,在 196 4、1981、1993年和 1998年等 4个不同的年代 ,其生物完整性呈逐步下降的趋势 ;以 2 0世纪 90年代初期的资料进行横向比较 ,三湖连江水库和保安湖的生物完整性表现为一般 ,洪湖为差 ,东湖则很差。上述湖泊所呈现的生物完整性的时空变化趋势与其它相关研究所反映的湖泊水环境质量互为补充验证 ,可以为湖泊管理、持续发展和利用以及水环境保护提供更为充分的科学依据     

内蒙古中部新近纪动物群的演替与生物年代

内蒙古中部地区陆相新近系出露广、含化石丰富。对这一地区新近纪的研究,可以追溯到20世纪初期瑞典地质学者安特生(J．G．Andersson)、法国古生物学者德日进(P．Teilhar de Chardin)和以美国探险家安德鲁斯(R．C．Andrews)为首的美国自然博物馆中亚考察团分别对二登图、高特格和通古尔的考察与化石采集。他们的开拓性工作使这些地方成为中国十分重要的新近纪经典地点。特别是通古尔,由于其产出的化石丰富、具有中中新世动物群的特征, 已引入中国地质年表,作为新生代中一个“阶”的名称。最近20多年对这一地区新近纪生物地层学的研究又取得了很大的进展,新发现了数个不同时代的化石地点和层位,同时采集到大批哺乳动物化石标本。内蒙古中部各地点化石层的厚度一般不大,但所含的哺乳动物化石种类多、材料丰富。由于具有这一特点,使其化石组合能比较接近地反映短期内动物群体的结构面貌,较客观地指示沉积时期的生态环境。利用这些组合进行动物群相对时代的确定,以及对其生态环境的恢复无疑都会很有意义。但是,这里的地层缺乏测试绝对年龄的材料,化石组合间少见有直接的叠置关系,使得在这一地区建立独立的动物群时间顺序,确定动物群的演替序列和生物年代只能更多地依赖于对动物系统发育和动物群体变化的研究。本文对这一地区各地点发现的哺乳动物化石组合进行了审定,提供了最新的动物群名单;根据默尔根地点上部层位产出的化石组合特征,提议把该组合命名为铁木钦动物群;通过对哺乳动物系统发育关系的分析,将动物群进行先后排序,并阐述了这些动物群在各生物年代的演替特征;同时展示了各动物群与有关岩石地层和磁性地层的关系。文中进一步认定了苏尼特左旗的嘎顺音阿德格动物群为内蒙古中部地区现知新近纪动物群中的最早代表,其后依次为推饶木动物群、默尔根动物群、铁木钦动物群、阿木乌苏动物群、沙拉动物群、宝格达乌拉动物群、二登图动物群、哈尔鄂博动物群、比例克动物群、高特格动物群。内蒙古中部被认为是新近纪生物年代学研究的重要地点,在地质时代上这一哺乳动物群系列跨越了新近纪中新世至上新世的大部分时段。其中的嘎顺音阿德格动物群具有中国陆生哺乳动物年代山旺期的典型持征;推饶木动物群、默尔根动物群、铁木钦动物群构成的广义通古尔动物群,正是定义东亚中中新世陆生哺乳动物年代的依据;阿木乌苏动物群、沙拉动物群、宝格达乌拉动物群和二登图动物群符合保德期动物群的含义;比例克动物群和高特格动物群具有榆社期动物群的性质。虽然目前还无法根据这些动物群对我国陆生哺乳动物年代的时限进行精确界定, 但依某些动物阶元(主要为科和属一级)的最早迁入或在该区的最早出现,以及在该区地层中的最后出席,概述了内蒙古中部地区新近纪动物群所指示的哺乳动物年代特征,并分别把通古尔期和保德期细分为3个和4个非正规亚期。深入的研究,包括在这一地区发现新的化石层位和材料,不仅会为内蒙古中部地区生物年代的厘定提供更多的资料,而且有助于完善中国新近纪地质年代的内涵。     

中西方旧石器文化中的技术模式的比较

对中西方旧石器文化中技术模式的比较表明,两者间存在很大的差别,充分显示了中国旧石器文化发展的特殊性以及中西方整个旧石器文化属于不同的传统。     

Using a mega-phylogeny of seed plants to test for non-random patterns of areal-types across the Chinese tree of life

The species composition of plant assemblages can in large part be explained by a long history of biogeographic and evolutionary events. Over the past decade, botanists and plant ecologists have increasingly sought to quantify phylogenetic signal in ecological traits to help inform their inferences regarding the mechanisms driving plant assemblages. However, most studies with a test of phylogenetic signal in the ecological traits have focused on a local scale, while comparatively few studies have been carried out on a regional scale. In this study, I presented a family-level phylogeny and a genus-level phylogeny that included all families and genera of extant seed plants in China, and use both phylogenies to examine whether areal-types or distribution patterns of families and genera of seed plants are non-randomly distributed across the Chinese tree of life. My study shows that the areal-types of families and genera of seed plants exhibit significant phylogenetic signal across the family- or genus-level phylogeny of seed plants in China.     

奥杜威工业石制品分类综述

石制品是旧石器时代考古的主要研究对象,其分类是旧石器生产技术和文化研究的基础与前提,然而,中国旧石器时代考古有关石制品分类目前尚无一致标准,这对开展旧石器时代考古学术研究的国际交流产生了负面影响。鉴于似奥杜威(Oldowan-like)或模式I工业在我国古人类石器工业面貌占有非常特殊的地位,因此,本文对以非洲为代表的奥杜威(Oldowan)工业(模式I)石器技术研究中有关石制品的分类体系进行整合和梳理,同时借鉴Mary Leakey、Glynn Isaac和Nicholas Toth等为代表的不同分类系统,并对中国境内有关石制品分类的现状进行讨论。     

Billingen (Lower Arenig/Lower Ordovician) acritarchs from the East European Platform and their palaeobiogeographic significance

Billingen (Lower Arenig/Lower Ordovician) sediments of the St. Petersburg region, northwest Russia and the Leba area, northern Poland of the East European Craton yield acritarch assemblages, which are largely homogenous though displaying minor compositional differences that probably reflect a gradient from inner to outer shelf environments. Comparison with coeval acritarch microflora from the Yangtze Platform, South China, shows an overall similarity between Baltoscandian and South Chinese phytoplankton. The widespread uniformity in the fossil microphytoplankton may be related to the extensive global 'evae' sea-level transgression, which characterized the Billingen time. This suggests that during the Tremadoc through early Arenig times, acritarch assemblages displayed essentially an undifferentiated cold-water and oceanic character along the whole margin of Perigondwana in the South, as well as on the South Chinese and Baltic platforms, at middle latitudes (Mediterranean oceanic Realm). Despite this overall similarity, however, some typical taxa of the high-latitude Mediterranean Province (Arbusculidium, Coryphidium and Striatotheca) occur in South China, but are absent in Baltica. This discrepancy is explained as caused by differences in climatic and physiographic conditions that prevailed at the two palaeocontinents at this time. The inferred pattern of oceanic circulation during the Lower Ordovician is consistent with the palynological evidence of a prevailing warmer climate in Baltica than in South China, although the two palaeocontinents occupied the same palaeolatitudinal position.     

Morphological characteristics of boreal radiolarians from the Triassic and Late Cretaceous: Comparative analysis

When comparing boreal radiolarian assemblages of the Triassic and Late Cretaceous, significant differences in their morphotypic composition are recognized. In particular, Triassic assemblages are dominated by spherical morphotypes, including pylomate forms of the genus Glomeropyle, while Late Cretaceous assemblages are dominated by prunoid morphotypes without polar spines (genera Prunobrachium and Amphibrachium). It is concluded that, in the course of evolution, high-latitude radiolarian assemblages considerably changed both taxonomically and morphologically. Therefore, it is impossible to determine the uniform morphological and taxonomic characters describing boreal assemblages of the entire Mesozoic. Features of boreal radiolarian assemblages are unique to each geological epoch.