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2.
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system regulates emotion, stress, memory and cognition through the cannabinoid type 1 (CB 1) receptor. To test the role of CB 1 signaling in social anxiety and memory, we utilized a genetic knockout (KO) and a pharmacological approach. Specifically, we assessed the effects of a constitutive KO of CB 1 receptors (CB 1KOs) and systemic administration of a CB 1 antagonist (AM251; 5 mg/kg) on social anxiety in a social investigation paradigm and social memory in a social discrimination test. Results showed that when compared with wild‐type (WT) and vehicle‐treated animals, CB 1KOs and WT animals that received an acute dose of AM251 displayed anxiety‐like behaviors toward a novel male conspecific. When compared with WT animals, KOs showed both active and passive defensive coping behaviors, i.e. elevated avoidance, freezing and risk‐assessment behaviors, all consistent with an anxiety‐like profile. Animals that received acute doses of AM251 also showed an anxiety‐like profile when compared with vehicle‐treated animals, yet did not show an active coping strategy, i.e. changes in risk‐assessment behaviors. In the social discrimination test, CB 1KOs and animals that received the CB 1 antagonist showed enhanced levels of social memory relative to their respective controls. These results clearly implicate CB 1 receptors in the regulation of social anxiety, memory and arousal. The elevated arousal/anxiety resulting from either total CB 1 deletion or an acute CB 1 blockade may promote enhanced social discrimination/memory. These findings may emphasize the role of the eCB system in anxiety and memory to affect social behavior . 相似文献
3.
EP-1是由炔雌醚和左炔诺孕酮按照1∶2的比例配制而成的一种用于鼠类不育控制的激素类复合不育剂,对鼠类的繁殖及繁殖行为等有一定影响,但对鼠类空间学习与记忆、焦虑行为等非繁殖行为的影响还没有报道。为此,用0(对照)、1.0、2.0、3.0 mg/kg剂量的EP-1对昆明小鼠(Mus musculus)进行灌胃处理,然后用Morris水迷宫和高架十字迷宫分别测定其空间记忆、焦虑行为。结果发现灌胃后15 d,剂量为2.0 mg/kg的EP-1使小鼠空间记忆能力显著下降,但30 d后其空间记忆能力有所恢复,表明2.0 mg/kg剂量的EP-1可以在一定时间范围内降低小鼠的空间记忆能力。但不同剂量的EP-1对小鼠焦虑行为无显著影响。该结果可以为从对非繁殖行为的影响的角度研究EP-1对鼠类的作用提供一定启示。 相似文献
4.
Estradiol-17β (E 2) synthesized in the brain plays a critical role in the activation of sexual behavior in many vertebrate species. Because E 2 concentrations depend on aromatization of testosterone, changes in aromatase enzymatic activity (AA) are often utilized as a proxy to describe E 2 concentrations. Utilizing two types of stimuli (sexual interactions and acute restraint stress) that have been demonstrated to reliably alter AA within minutes in opposite directions (sexual interactions = decrease, stress = increase), we tested in Japanese quail whether rapid changes in AA are paralleled by changes in E 2 concentrations in discrete brain areas. In males, E 2 in the pooled medial preoptic nucleus/medial portion of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (POM/BST) positively correlated with AA following sexual interactions. However, following acute stress, E 2 decreased significantly (approximately 2-fold) in the male POM/BST despite a significant increase in AA. In females, AA positively correlated with E 2 in both the POM/BST and mediobasal hypothalamus supporting a role for local, as opposed to ovarian, production regulating brain E 2 concentrations. In addition, correlations of individual E 2 in POM/BST and measurements of female sexual behavior suggested a role for local E 2 synthesis in female receptivity. These data demonstrate that local E 2 in the male brain changes in response to stimuli on a time course suggestive of potential non-genomic effects on brain and behavior. Overall, this study highlights the complex mechanisms regulating local E 2 concentrations including rapid stimulus-driven changes in production and stress-induced changes in catabolism. 相似文献
5.
Ovariectomy (OVX) in rats is followed by a decline in behavioral sensitivity to combined estrogen and progesterone therapy. The purpose of this study was to further characterize this behavioral change, and to explore its biochemical basis in terms of estrogen and progesterone receptor concentrations in the brain. Sexually inexperienced female rats were used 5 (short-term) or 35 (long-term) days after OVX. Short- and long-term OVX animals were injected with estradiol-17β (E 2; 36 μg/kg body wt, iv) then subjected to one of the following three treatment schedules. (1) Animals were treated with progesterone (1 mg, sc in oil) 20–21 hr after E 2 injection, then tested at 24 hr for female sexual behavior. (2) One or twelve hours after the E 2, cell nuclear estrogen receptors (ER n) were measured in the pituitary (PIT) and pooled preoptic area and mediobasal hypothalamus (POA-MBH). (3) Twenty-four hours after E 2, progestin receptor (PR c) concentrations were measured in cytoplasmic fractions prepared from PIT and POA-MBH. Long-term OVX animals showed a reduced capacity to exhibit proceptive and receptive sexual behavior, and a lower PR c level in the PIT and POA-MBH 24 hr after E 2 injection than animals that had been OVX for only 5 days. However, no differences were observed between long- and short-term OVX rats with respect to ER n concentrations in PIT and POA-MBH cell nuclei 1 or 12 hr after E 2. Thus, it appears that the decline in behavioral responsiveness to E 2 which occurs after ovariectomy cannot be attributed to a decrease in the ability of E 2 to translocate estrogen receptors into POA-MBH cell nuclei, but is more probably associated with a change in the biochemical processes subsequent to ER n binding. One of these processes may well be the induction of cytoplasmic progestin receptors. 相似文献
6.
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone used by over half a million adolescents in the United States for their tissue-building potency and performance-enhancing effects. AAS also affect behavior, including reports of heightened aggression and changes in sexual libido. The expression of sexual and aggressive behaviors is a function of complex interactions among hormones, social context, and the brain, which is extensively remodeled during adolescence. Thus, AAS may have different consequences on behavior during adolescence and adulthood. Using a rodent model, these studies directly compared the effects of AAS on the expression of male sexual and aggressive behaviors in adolescents and adults. Male Syrian hamsters were injected daily for 14 days with either vehicle or an AAS cocktail containing testosterone cypionate (2 mg/kg), nandrolone decanoate (2 mg/kg), and boldenone undecylenate (1 mg/kg), either during adolescence (27-41 days of age) or in adulthood (63-77 days of age). The day after the last injection, males were tested for either sexual behavior with a receptive female or agonistic behavior with a male intruder. Adolescent males treated with AAS showed significant increases in sexual and aggressive behaviors relative to vehicle-treated adolescents. In contrast, AAS-treated adults showed significantly lower levels of sexual behavior compared with vehicle-treated adults and did not show heightened aggression. Thus, adolescents, but not adults, displayed significantly higher behavioral responses to AAS, suggesting that the still-developing adolescent brain is more vulnerable than the adult brain to the adverse consequences of AAS on the nervous system and behavior. 相似文献
7.
Background: Several types of renal disease progress at a faster rate in men compared with women, but the reasons for this sex difference are not well understood. Chronic renal disease is associated with elevated levels of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide, the major ROS in the kidney, is generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Objective: To determine if female protection from renal disease progression is consistent with 17β-estradiol (E 2) attenuation of superoxide production, this study was conducted to assess superoxide production in the renal cortex of male and female control and renal wrap (RW) rats, as well as in ovariectomized rats treated with vehicle or E 2. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 sham operation male (Sham-M) and female (Sham-F) control groups, and 4 RW hypertensive groups: RW-M; RW-F; RW ovariectomized females treated with vehicle (RW-OVX); and RW ovariectomized females treated with E 2, supplied as a 0.24 mg/60-day release pellet (RW-OVX+E 2). All groups were maintained on a high-sodium (4% NaCl) diet for 6 weeks. Results: Mean (SEM) markers of renal injury and oxidative stress, including urinary protein (mg/24 h: RW-M, 298 [31] vs RW-F, 169 [22]; P < 0.001), microalbuminuria (RW/Sham arbitrary units [AU]/24 h: M, 8.78 [0.58] vs F, 4.31 [1.0]; P < 0.005), and malondialdehyde (nmol/24 h: RW-M, 167 [23] vs RW-F, 117 [8.5]; P < 0.05) levels, as well as mean glomerular volume (μm 3 × 10 6: RW-M, 2.25 [0.16] vs RW-F, 1.25 [0.04]; P < 0.001) and the glomerulosclerotic index (AU: RW-M, 2.64 [0.19] vs RW-F, 1.10 [0.09]; P < 0.001) were greater in both control and RW males compared with females in the same treatment groups. Though RW surgery increased mean arterial pressure in both male and female rats, no sex difference was observed. Under these conditions, mean (SEM) renal cortical NADPH oxidase activity was 1.3-fold higher in RW males compared with RW females (relative light units [RLU]/180 sec: RW-M, 4080 [240] vs RW-F, 3200 [260]; P < 0.05). Ovariectomy increased NADPH oxidase activity by 1.4-fold (RLU/180 sec: RW-OVX, 4520 [184]; P < 0.01) under conditions in which the mean glomerular volume and glomerulosclerotic index were both increased by 1.5-fold, whereas E 2 replacement (RLU/180 sec: RW-OVX+E 2, 2745 [440]) prevented these effects. Furthermore, the effects on NADPH oxidase activity were mirrored by changes in the protein abundance of NADPH oxidase subunit p22P phox. Conclusion: These results suggest that E 2 protects the female kidney in part by attenuating injury-induced increases in renal superoxide production. 相似文献
8.
17β-Estradiol ( E2) acts in the brain via genomic and non-genomic mechanisms to influence physiology and behavior. There is seasonal plasticity in the mechanisms by which E 2 activates aggression, and non-genomic mechanisms appear to predominate during the non-breeding season. Male song sparrows ( Melospiza melodia) display E 2-dependent territorial aggression throughout the year. Field studies show that song sparrow aggression during a territorial intrusion is similar in the non-breeding and breeding seasons, but aggression after an intrusion ends differs seasonally. Non-breeding males stop behaving aggressively within minutes whereas breeding males remain aggressive for hours. We hypothesize that this seasonal plasticity in the persistence of aggression relates to seasonal plasticity in E 2 signaling. We used a non-invasive route of E 2 administration to compare the non-genomic (within 20 min) effects of E 2 on aggressive behavior in captive non-breeding and breeding season males. E 2 rapidly increased barrier contacts (attacks) during an intrusion by 173% in non-breeding season males only. Given that these effects were observed within 20 min of E 2 administration, they likely occurred via a non-genomic mechanism of action. The present data, taken together with past work, suggest that environmental cues associated with the non-breeding season influence the molecular mechanisms through which E 2 influences behavior. In song sparrows, transient expression of aggressive behavior during the non-breeding season is highly adaptive: it minimizes energy expenditure and maximizes the amount of time available for foraging. In all, these data suggest the intriguing possibility that aggression in the non-breeding season may be activated by a non-genomic E 2 mechanism due to the fitness benefits associated with rapid and transient expression of aggression. 相似文献
9.
The effects of prenatal opioid exposure in adult animals has been widely studied, but little is known about the effects of prenatal opioid on adolescents. Most of the risk behaviors associated with drug abuse are initiated during adolescence. The developmental state of the adolescent brain makes it vulnerable to initiate drug use and susceptible to drug-induced brain changes. In this study, pregnant rats were subcutaneously injected with an increasing dose of morphine (5 mg/kg, 7 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg) for 9 days since the gestation day 11. The effects of prenatal morphine (PNM) on learning and memory, anxiety- and depressive- like behavior, morphine induced conditioned place preference (CPP) as well as locomotor sensitization were tested in both adolescent and adult rats. The results showed that: (1) PNM decreased anxiety-like behavior in both adolescent and adult female rats, but not males; (2) PNM decreased depressive-like behavior in adolescent but increased depressive -like behavior in adult females; (3) PNM increased low dose morphine induced locomotor sensitization in females; (4) PNM decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the prefrontal cortex but decreased dopamine D1 receptor expression in the nucleus-accumbens (NAc) in female rats. These results suggested that PNM altered the emotional and addictive behavior mainly in female rats, with female rats being less anxiety and depressive during adolescence, but more depressive in adult, and more sensitive to low dose morphine induced locomotor activity sensitization, which might be mediated in part by the differential expression of the TH, dopamine D1 receptors in the female brain. 相似文献
10.
Some foods and laxatives stimulate prostanoid biosynthesis
and this effect is inhibited by acetylsalicylate (1); prostanoid administration
causes diarrhoea and other symptoms of gut dysfunction (2,3,4). We therefore studied the effects of arachidonic acid, prostaglandins E 1 and E 2,
endotoxin, laxatives and cyclooxugenase inhibitors in the rat ‘enteropooling’ test (5). All drugs were given orally. Prostaglandin E 2 (0.2mg/ kg), prostaglandin E 1 (0.74mg/kg), arachidonic acid (129mg/kg), castor oil (0.42ml/kg), magnesium sulphate (37mg/kg) and
endotoxin (39.5mg/kg) doubled intestinal fluid volume. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors reduced arachidonate-induced enteropooling (indomethacin > acetylsalicylic acid > paracetamol > sodium salicylate > bismuth subsalicylate). Acetylsalicylic acid inhibited
endotoxin-, castor oil-, but not prostaglandin E 2-or magnesium sulphate-induced enteropooling. Because acetylsalicylic acid was unexpectedly active in this test, we suggest that it may prove useful for the treatment of ‘travellers’ diarrhoea. 相似文献
11.
Natural honey is a highly sought-after product owing to its biological uniqueness. We developed a suitable analytical method for the quantitative analysis of ( E)-2-decenedioic acid in Korean natural and sugar-fed honey samples. A total of 258 honey samples were screened using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) for the detection and quantification of ( E)-2-decenedioic acid. ( E)-2-decenedioic acid was present in high concentrations (122–127 mg/kg) in sugar-fed honey but only in trace amounts (10.9–14.8 mg/kg) in natural honey. Findings indicate that the UPLC method is suitable and reliable for the quantitative evaluation of ( E)-2-decenedioic acid in honey. We expect that this method will be applicable for detecting honey adulteration. 相似文献
12.
Spirocyclopropane- and spiroazetidine -substituted tetracycles 13D– E and 16A are described as orally active MK2 inhibitors. The spiroazetidine derivatives are potent MK2 inhibitors with IC 50 <3 nM and inhibit the release of TNFα (IC 50<0.3 μM) from hPBMCs and hsp27 phosphorylation in anisomycin stimulated THP-1 cells. The spirocyclopropane analogues are less potent against MK2 (IC 50 = 0.05–0.23 μM), less potent in cells (IC 50 <1.1 μM), but show good oral absorption. Compound 13E (100 mg/kg po; bid) showed oral activity in rAIA and mCIA, with significant reduction of swelling and histological score. 相似文献
13.
Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, can result in altered reproductive behavior in adulthood, especially when exposure occurs during critical periods of brain sexual differentiation in the fetus. Whether PCBs alter other sexually dimorphic behaviors such as those involved in anxiety is poorly understood. To address this, pregnant rat dams were injected twice, on gestational days 16 and 18, with the weakly estrogenic PCB mixture Aroclor 1221 (A1221) at one of two low dosages (0.5 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg, hereafter 1.0 and 0.5), estradiol benzoate (EB; 50 μg/kg) as a positive estrogenic control, or the vehicle (3% DMSO in sesame oil). We also conducted a comprehensive assessment of developmental milestones of the F1 male and female offspring. There were no effects of treatment on sex ratio at birth and age at eye opening. Puberty, assessed by vaginal opening in females and preputial separation in males, was not affected in females but was advanced in males treated with A1221 (1.0). Males and females treated with A1221 (both dosages) were heavier in early adulthood relative to controls. The earliest manifestation of this effect developed in males prior to puberty and in females slightly later, during puberty. Anxiety-like behaviors were tested using the light:dark box and elevated plus maze tests in adulthood. In females, anxiety behaviors were unaffected by treatment. Males treated with A1221 (1.0) showed reduced indices of anxiety and increased activity in the light:dark box but not the elevated plus maze. EB failed to replicate the phenotype produced by A1221 for any of the developmental and behavioral endpoints. Collectively, these results indicate that PCBs increase body weight in both sexes, but their effects on anxiety-like behaviors are specific to males. Furthermore, differences between the results of A1221 and EB suggest that the PCBs are likely acting through mechanisms distinct from their estrogenic activity. 相似文献
14.
Sex steroids can both modulate and be modulated by behavior, and their actions are mediated by complex interactions among multiple hormone sources and targets. While gonadal steroids delivered via circulation can affect behavior, changes in local brain steroid synthesis also can modulate behavior. The relative steroid load across different tissues and the association of these levels with rates of behavior have not been well studied. The bluebanded goby ( Lythrypnus dalli) is a sex changing fish in which social status determines sexual phenotype. We examined changes in steroid levels in brain, gonad and body muscle at either 24 hours or 6 days after social induction of protogynous sex change, and from individuals in stable social groups not undergoing sex change. For each tissue, we measured levels of estradiol (E 2), testosterone (T) and 11-ketotestosterone (KT). Females had more T than males in the gonads, and more E 2 in all tissues but there was no sex difference in KT. For both sexes, E 2 was higher in the gonad than in other tissues while androgens were higher in the brain. During sex change, brain T levels dropped while brain KT increased, and brain E 2 levels did not change. We found a positive relationship between androgens and aggression in the most dominant females but only when the male was removed from the social group. The results demonstrate that steroid levels are responsive to changes in the social environment, and that their concentrations vary in different tissues. Also, we suggest that rapid changes in brain androgen levels might be important in inducing behavioral and/or morphological changes associated with protogynous sex change. 相似文献
15.
The orexins are hypothalamic neuropeptides most well known for their roles in regulating feeding and sleeping behaviors. Recent findings suggest that orexin-A may also modulate anxiety, although how and when the orexin system is involved remains unclear. To address this, we investigated the dose-dependent effects of the orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 in two rodent models of anxiety: the cat odor avoidance model and the elevated plus maze. In both models we tested the effects of SB-334867 when anxiety is novel (Trial 1) and familiar (Trial 2). In the first experiment, Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or SB-334867 (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) prior to their first or second exposure to cat odor. During Trial 1, rats treated with 10 mg/kg of SB-334867 approached the cat odor stimulus more than vehicle-treated rats. During Trial 2 the effects were more marked, with 10 mg/kg of SB-334867 increasing approach times, increasing the number of times rats exited the hide box to engage in exploratory behavior, and decreasing overall hide times. In addition, the 20 mg/kg dose decreased general activity during Trial 2. In the second experiment, the effects of SB-334867 (10 and 20 mg/kg) were tested in the elevated plus maze. There were no significant differences produced by drug treatment during either Trial 1 or Trial 2. Results suggest that SB-334867 decreases anxiety induced by some, but not all, stressors. 相似文献
16.
Castrated male Japanese quail were implanted with Silastic capsules containing testosterone (T), estradiol-17β (E 2), 5β-dihydrotestosterone (5β-DHT), Δ 4-androstenedione (Δ 4) 5α-androstanedione (A), 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) or with empty capsules. Calling, monitored continuously and automatically, was induced significantly by T and Δ 4. Locomotor activity, also monitored continuously by floor deflection, was enhanced by T, Δ 4, and E 2. Additional data concerning heterosexual and homosexual behavior were obtained from castrated quails after implantation of T, Δ 4, E 2, or 5α-DHT. T and Δ 4 restored hetero- and homosexual behavior as did E 2 but to a lesser extent. 5α-DHT did not induce either sexual behavior. Growth of the cloacal protrusion was induced in birds implanted with T, Δ 4, A, and 5α-DHT but not with 5β-DHT and E 2. These results indicate that calling and locomotor activity enhancement (including sexual behavior) are two different components of reproductive behavior which require different androgens or their metabolites to be activated. 相似文献
17.
To investigate whether arginine vasotocin (AVT) acts on target cells in the brain of Taricha granulosa (a urodele amphibian), the behavioral effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) and intraperitoneal (IP) injections of AVT were compared. Male newts exhibited the greatest sexual activity (amplectic clasping) following an ICV injection of 0.1 μg AVT. Another study showed that nanogram quantities of AVT, administered ICV, stimulated the behavior. An ICV injection of an antagonist to arginine vasopressin, d(CH 2) 5Tyr(Me)AVP, or an anti-AVT immune serum significantly inhibited the sexual behavior. Intracranial implants of 17β-estradiol (E 2) or 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in castrated males maintained the behavioral response to an injection of AVT. Another study found that an IP injection of DHT or E 2 did not increase the incidence of newt sexual behavior during the 8 hours following the injection. 相似文献
18.
Background: Previous data from our laboratory suggest that gonadally intact C57BL/6 male mice are more likely than their female counterparts to die from Plasmodium chabaudi infection, to recover more slowly from weight loss and hematocrit loss, and to have reduced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) responses. Removal of the ovaries, and hence, the primary production of sex steroids in females, reverses these differences. Objective: We hypothesized that sex differences in response to P chabaudi may be mediated by differential synthesis of IFN-γ and IL-10 that is influenced by estrogen, progesterone, or both. Methods: C57BL/6 female mice (n = 200; n = 10/time point/treatment/experiment) were ovariectomized and implanted with a 21-day controlled-release pellet containing either 0.1 mg of 17β-estradiol (E 2), 10 mg of progesterone (P 4), 0.1 mg of E 2 plus 10 mg of P 4, or cholesterol (placebo). Females were inoculated with 10 6P chabaudi-infected erythrocytes. Body mass, body temperature, hematocrit, parasitemia, cytokine production, and antibody responses were monitored 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days postinoculation. Results: Administration of E 2, either alone or in combination with P 4, mitigated infection-induced weight loss, hematocrit loss, and hypothermia, compared with females receiving placebo pellets ( P < 0.05 in each case). Hormone treatment did not affect levels of parasitemia. Females administered E 2 alone or in combination with P 4 produced 4 to 7 times higher IFN-γ and IL-10 during peak parasitemia than did females implanted with pellets containing either P 4 alone or placebo ( P < 0.05 in each case). Exposure to E 2, either alone or in combination with P 4, increased anti- P chabaudi immunoglobulin G (IgG1) responses and the ratio of IgG1 to IgG2c ( P < 0.05 in each case). Conclusion: This animal study suggests that physiological levels of estrogen, rather than progesterone, enhance immunity and, possibly, protect females from disease symptoms during malaria infection. 相似文献
19.
This study tested the effects of long-term estradiol (E 2) replacement on social behavior and gene expression in brain nuclei involved in the regulation of these social behaviors in adult female rats. We developed an ultrasonic vocalization (USV) test and a sociability test to examine communications, social interactions, and social preference, using young adult female cagemates. All rats were ovariectomized (OVX) and implanted with a Silastic capsule containing E 2 or vehicle, and housed in same-treatment pairs for a 3-month period. Then, rats were behaviorally tested, euthanized, and 5 nuclei in the brain's social decision-making circuit were selected for neuromolecular profiling by a multiplex qPCR method. Our novel USV test proved to be a robust tool to measure numbers and types of calls emitted by cagemates that had been reintroduced after a 1-week separation. Results also showed that E 2-treated OVX rats had profoundly decreased numbers of USV calls compared to vehicle-treated OVX rats. In a test of sociability, in which a female was allowed to choose between her cagemate or a same-treatment novel rat, we found few effects of E 2 compared to vehicle, although interestingly, rats chose the cagemate over an unfamiliar conspecific. Gene expression results revealed that the supraoptic nucleus had the greatest number of gene changes caused by E 2: Oxt, Oxtr and Avp were increased, and Drd2, Htr1a, Grin2b, and Gabbr1 were decreased, by E 2. No genes were affected in the prefrontal cortex, and 1–4 genes were changed in paraventricular nucleus ( Pgr), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis ( Oxtr, Esr2, Dnmt3a), and medial amygdala ( Oxtr, Ar, Foxp1, Tac3). Thus, E 2 changes communicative interactions between adult female rats, together with selected expression of genes in the brain, especially in the supraoptic nucleus. 相似文献
20.
Studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress is associated with amphetamine-induced neurotoxicity, but little is known about the adaptations of antioxidant enzymes in the brain after amphetamine exposure. We studied the effects of acute and chronic amphetamine administration on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, in a rodent model of mania. Male Wistar rats received either a single IP injection of d-amphetamine (1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, or 4 mg/kg) or vehicle (acute treatment). In the chronic treatment rats received a daily IP injection of either d-amphetamine (1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, or 4 mg/kg) or vehicle for 7 days. Locomotor behavior was assessed using the open field test. SOD and CAT activities were measured in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Acute and to a greater extent chronic amphetamine treatment increased locomotor behavior and affected SOD and CAT activities in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Our findings suggest that amphetamine exposure is associated with an imbalance between SOD and CAT activity in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. 相似文献
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