中国“四须ba”类的系统整理

四须ba属是一个“大口袋”类群。中国的四须ba实际上分属于至少4个不同的属。通过与Rainboth的分类系统比对之后，对中国四须ba属鱼类的分类系统重新进行了以下的修订：①保山四须ba、软鳍四须ba和异口四须ba归入新光唇鱼属；②小四须ba归入盘齿ba属；③分布于云南的高体四须ba实为大鳞四须ba，大鳞四须ba应归入高须鱼属；④其余四须ba属鱼类，抚仙四须ba、常氏四须ba、太平四须ba、云南四须ba、颌突四须ba(＝洱海四须ba)、鲂形四须ba、棱四须ba、后鳍四须ba和油四须ba均归入吻孔ba属。     

方口鲃属鱼类一新种(鲤形目:鲤科)

本文记述采自云南的鲤科鱼类一新种。Sauvage(1878)以上下唇具乳突等特征建立了方口鲃属Cosmochilus,迄今共3个种。新种命名为南腊方口鲃C.nanlaensis sp.nov.以乳突不发达、呈绒毛状;第一鳃弓鳃耙稀疏;上颌须呈退化状,口角须亦不发达;背鳍末根不分枝鳍条较短;侧线鳞数目偏少等特征易与本属其他种类相区别。文末附本属鱼类之检索表。     

大鳞裂峡鲃的年轮特征

大鳞裂峡鲃(Hampala macrolepidota)隶属于鲤形目(Cypriniformes)、鲤科(Cyprinidae)、鲃亚科(Barbinae)、裂峡鲃属(Hampala),在我国属濒危鱼类[1]。国外分布于泰国、印度尼西亚等,国内仅分布于澜沧江下游云南西双版纳自治州勐腊县境内支流[2]。     

大鳞裂峡鲃繁殖生物学特征

2009、2010和2013年在云南省西双版纳自治州勐腊县境内的南腊河共收集大鳞裂峡鲃(Hampala macrolepidota)样本438尾。研究结果表明:大鳞裂峡鲃雌性群体初次性成熟体长228 mm、体重270.3 g,雄性群体初次性成熟体长205 mm、体重172.5 g,对应年龄均为4龄。大鳞裂峡鲃雌、雄繁殖群体的成熟系数年度变化趋势基本一致。成熟系数值在1月、3月、4月呈逐渐增大趋势,5月显著上升,6月达到最高峰,7月急速下降,8月至9月趋于平缓。繁殖活动每年4月开始,一直可持续至10月,主要集中在5~6月。大鳞裂峡鲃雌雄性比为1︰1.19,与鲃亚科其他部分鱼类雌性数量多于雄性的情况相反;繁殖盛期则雌性数量多于雄性。繁殖群体由4~8龄共5个年龄组组成,雌、雄群体均以5龄组所占比例最大。大鳞裂峡鲃属单次产卵鱼类。平均卵径1.18 mm;绝对繁殖力为63 393粒,相对繁殖力为70.04粒/g。与鲃亚科其他部分鱼类比较,大鳞裂峡鲃的卵径相对较小而繁殖力较大。     

2004年《动物学研究》封面“透明金线鲃”简介

透明金线鲃(Sinaocyclocheilus hyalinus,hyaline fish)隶属鲤形目(Cypriniformes)鲤科(Cyprinidae)鲃亚科（Barbinae)，是一种高度特化的洞穴鱼类。最大个体全长达108mm，体裸露无鳞，眼睛和皮下色素完全退化，头背后方具一发达的锥状感觉突起，侧线不完全，须纤细；体呈半透明状态，隐约可见内脏轮廓。     

云南红河水系金线鲃属鱼类一新种——西畴金线鲃

该文记述了采集自云南省文山州西畴县兴街镇干海子(红河水系)一洞穴的鲤科鲃亚科金线鲃属鱼类一新种,命名为西畴金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus xichouensis Pan,Li,Yang et Chen sp.nov.)。该新种眼睛正常,背鳍末根不分枝,鳍条变粗变硬,后缘3/5具锯齿,与属内分布在邻近南盘江水系的已知种大眼金线鲃(S.macrophthalmus)、圭山金线鲃(S.guishanensis)、狭孔金线鲃(S.angustiporus)、侧条金线鲃(S.lateristritus)、丘北金线鲃(S.qiubeiensis)、滇池金线鲃(S.grahami)、曲靖金线鲃(S.qujingensis)、麻花金线鲃(S.maculatus)、紫色金线鲃(S.purpureus)及疑似红河水系易门金线鲃(S.yimenensis)相似。籍第一鳃弓外侧鳃耙9以下的特征,可与大眼金线鲃相区别;眼间距为体长的8.1%～9.9%,吻须后伸超过眼后缘,口角须后伸超过前鳃盖骨后缘,可与圭山金线鲃相区别;背鳍起点与腹鳍起点相对,体侧沿侧线无黑色横带,可与侧条金线鲃相区别;侧线鳞74～88,侧线上鳞20,侧线下鳞16,可与滇池金线鲃相区别;侧线弯曲,侧线鳞74～88,围尾柄鳞48,可与曲靖金线鲃相区别;背鳍前距为体长的47.1%～53.7%,背鳍基长为体长的12.8%～15.8%,臀鳍前距为体长的66.0%～71.0%,臀鳍长为体长的13.7%～17.1%,胸鳍前距为体长的26.0%～29.5%,尾柄长为体长的19.3%～24.7%,下颌长为体长的4.7%～7.0%,明显区别于易门金线鲃;全身被鳞,具侧线鳞,可与其分布邻近的麻花金线鲃和紫色金线鲃相区别;背鳍前鳞35～39,鳃耙6,眼间距为体长的8.1%～9.9%,可与狭孔金线鲃及丘北金线鲃相区别。     

云南罗平发现世界上最早的铰齿鱼类新属种：优美玉带鱼

<正>铰齿鱼类包括拱鱼目、半椎鱼目和鳞骨鱼目。生活在中北美和古巴淡水环境的雀鳝是铰齿鱼类鳞骨鱼目的现生代表,被称为活化石,为新鳍鱼类的研究提供了重要信息。新鳍鱼类是辐鳍鱼亚纲最大的演化支系,几乎分布于地球上各种水环境。除了多鳍鱼和鲟鱼,其他所有的现生辐鳍鱼类都属于新鳍鱼类。《古脊椎动物学报》最新报道了中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所徐光辉研究团队在我国云南罗平发现了两亿四千万年前一种新的铰齿鱼类:优美玉带鱼。优美玉带鱼,可归入     

中国鲃亚科金线鲃属鱼类一新种——黄田金线鲃(鲤形目:鲤科)

该文记述了采自广西贺州市贺江水系——洞穴的鲤科鲃亚科金线鲃属鱼类一新种,命名为黄田金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus huangtianensis Zhu,Zhu et Lan sp.nov.)。新种眼睛正常,背鳍末根不分枝鳍条柔软,后缘无锯齿,与属内同分布在贺江水系的已知种季氏金线鲃及邻近漓江水系的桂林金线鲃相似,但新种侧线鳞为52～59枚,侧线上鳞17～23,侧线下鳞16～17,围尾柄鳞40～46,鳃耙9～10,眼径为体长的4.3%～5.4%,眼间距为体长的9.2%～9.6%,口宽为体长的6.0%～7.3%,与季氏金线鲃和桂林金线鲃有明显区别。     

金线鲃属鱼类一新种(鲤形目:鲤科)

作者于1986年6月在贵州盘县一溶洞的水体中采到金线鲃属鱼类一新种,命名为角金线鲃,新种Sinocyclocheilus angularis sp. nov.。本新种形状怪异,头背缘末端具一朝前的角状突,其内有顶骨突;眼正常;侧线鳞明显;鳔后室发达等特征而易与金线鲃属其他种相区别。     

贵州金线鲃属鱼类一新种记述(鲤形目,鲤科),封四

描记2009年8月采自贵州省荔波县茂兰自然保护区内洞塘乡地下河中的金线鲃属一新种,命名为洞塘金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus dongtangensis Zhou,Liu et Wang,sp.nov,正模标本编号为:20091123005,全长213.02 mm,体长167.12 mm;副模标本编号:20091123002,全长182.36 mm,体长139.26 mm.背鳍ⅲ-8,臀鳍ⅲ-5,胸鳍ⅰ-15-16,腹鳍ⅱ-8,尾鳍分枝鳍条16,不分枝鳍条10,下咽齿3行,2·3·4-4·3·2.该种的胸鳍和臀鳍等性状以及体形大致与巨须金线鲃S.hugeibarbus、高肩金线鲃S.altishoulderus和尧兰金线鲃S.yaolanensis相似,但新种的侧线鳞和第1鳃弓鳃耙数与三者都有一定差距,新种的侧线鳞为6520-26/16-1867;巨须金线鲃为6628-31/14-16-v71;高肩金线鲃为5414-17/9-11-v58; 尧兰金线鲃为5220-21/10-1154.新种的第1鳃弓鳃耙数为15;巨须金线鲃为9～11;高肩金线鲃为10～12;尧兰金线鲃为12～14.     

中国鲤科鱼类新纪录--爪哇四须鲃

20 0 1年 7月于云南省西双版纳州勐腊县罗梭江 (澜沧江的支流 )中采集到 2尾鱼类标本 ,经鉴定为中国鲤科鱼类四须属Barbodes的一个新纪录———爪哇四须Barbodesgonionotus。该新纪录与本属其他种的显著区别为其臀鳍分枝鳍条有 6～ 7根 ,而其他种有 5根。     

鳇亚科似鳇属鱼类的物种界定和系统发育关系

逗亚科似逗属鱼类的物种界定保持争议, 系统发育关系尚待解决。研究取样似逗属鱼类所有种, 使用核基因多位点序列重建似逗属鱼类的系统发育关系, 运用分子的物种界定方法并结合形态特征分析厘定我国似逗属鱼类的分类。贝叶斯系统发育树结果表明: 桂林似逗与平江似逗是单系种; 似逗与扁嘴似逗是多系种, 前者包括五个谱系A至E, 后者包括两个谱系A与B。POFAD距离分析和Structurama分析的结果表明似逗和扁嘴似逗的每个谱系是独立遗传种群, BP & P分析结果强烈支持它们是不同种。*Beast物种树结果揭示: 扁嘴似逗谱系B位于似逗属鱼类的基部位置; 似逗谱系A与B是姊妹群关系, 似逗谱系C是扁嘴似逗谱系A的姊妹群, 它们一起与桂林似逗形成姊妹群关系; 似逗谱系D与E是姊妹群关系, 它们一起是平江似逗的姊妹群。结合形态证据, 对我国似逗属鱼类分类厘定如下: 限定严格意义似逗包括似逗谱系A+B; 恢复长吻似逗(Pseudogobio longirostris Mori, 1934)给予似逗谱系C分类名; 似逗谱系D与E是隐存种, 桂林似逗与平江似逗是有效种。     

鱼类杂交不亲和性的研究

本文分析研究了鲮鱼属间杂交和亲本自交的胚胎发育时序和热量要求、胚后发育的形态特征、以及胚胎染色体组等方面的差异;并讨论了这些差异与各种杂交不亲和表现之间的相关性。明确地指出,决定鱼类杂交不亲和性的主要因素是亲本间核型的差异和核质间的矛盾程度。双亲的核型差异较大时,杂交胚胎往往在发育中途夭亡而成活率极低,甚至完全得不到仔鱼。核型相同或相似的亲本,其杂交子代的成活率一般甚高;但也可能与核型著异较大的组合一样,因核、质基因组表达的模式或调控机制等存在着差异,以及它们对外界环境条件的要求有矛盾,乃使胚后发育的速率与顺序失调而出现各种畸形胚;畸形的出现标志着一些特定细胞分化的专一性代谢作用停滞,而胚后幼体必然趋向死亡。     

To lump,to split or to maintain? Molecular taxonomy of the spotted barb Barbodes binotatus (Cyprinidae) and closely related species in Peninsular Malaysia

The taxonomic status of the Southeast Asian spotted barb, Barbodes binotatus (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), has puzzled researchers because of large but inconsistent geographic variation of its body melanin marking pattern. In this study, the authors appraise the differentiation of B. binotatus and two closely related species, Barbodes rhombeus and saddle barb, Barbodes banksi, in Peninsular Malaysia using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. The results of this study reveal that the Peninsular Malaysia populations of each of the three species form largely reciprocal monophyletic lineages that differ from each other by a minimum of 2.3% p-genetic distance using COI gene. Nonetheless, specimens of B. binotatus in Peninsular Malaysia are only distantly related to specimens of B. binotatus in Java (type locality). The monophyly of B. banksi is not refuted although specimens of Peninsular Malaysia are genetically distinct from those of Sarawak (type locality). The authors discuss alternative hypotheses whether each of these three valid species is a single species or each of the main five genetic lineages revealed in this study represents a distinct species. Preliminary investigations reveal a mito-nuclear discordance at one locality in Peninsular Malaysia where B. binotatus and B. banksi co-occur. Further studies should inform on the extent of reproductive porousness between these two lineages and others.     

High levels of variation despite genetic fragmentation in populations of the endangered mountain pygmy-possum, Burramys parvus, in alpine Australia

In endangered mammals, levels of genetic variation are often low and this is accompanied by genetic divergence among populations. The mountain pygmy-possum (Burramys parvus) is an endangered marsupial restricted to the alpine region of Victoria and New South Wales, Australia. By scoring variation at eight microsatellite loci, we found that B. parvus populations exhibit high levels of genetic divergence and fall into three distinct groups from the northern, central and southern areas of the distribution of this species, consistent with previous assessments of mitochondrial DNA variation. F(ST) values between populations from these regions ranged from 0.19 to 0.54. Within the central area, there was further genetic fragmentation, and a linear association between genetic and geographical distance. This pattern is likely to reflect limited dispersal across barriers despite the fact that individual B. parvus can move several kilometres. Levels of genetic variation within populations were high with the exception of a southern population where there was evidence of inbreeding. From a conservation perspective, all three areas where B. parvus are found should be considered as separate gene pools; management of populations within these areas needs to take into account the low gene flow between populations, as well as threats posed by roads, resorts and other developments in the alpine region. The low genetic variability and inbreeding in the southern population is of particular concern given the high levels of variability in other B. parvus populations.     

中国缨鱼属鱼类的分类整理及一新属描述（鲤形目：鲤科）

经整理我国缨鱼属鱼类仅有１种,原属于此属的种Ｃｒｏｓｓｃｈｅｉｌｕｓ ｂａｍａｅｎｓｉｓ Ｆａｎｇ和Ｃｒｏｓｓｏｃｈｅｉｌｕｓ ｌｉｕｃｈｅｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ Ｌｉａｎｇ则归并于另一新属拟缨鱼属Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｃｒｏｓｓｏｃｈｅｉｌｕｓ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．,其上唇消失,吻皮与下唇相连,上颌与下唇相连以及口角须发达等特征与缨鱼属不同,同时其口角须发达,下唇两侧有纵行的颏汉以及下唇前缘具有显著的乳突状角质突起等     

Unexpectedly high genetic diversity of the asiatic short-tailed shrews <Emphasis Type="Italic">Blarinella</Emphasis> (Mammalia,Lipotyphla, Soricidae)

Genetic diversity of the genus Blarinella was studied using one mitochondrial and four nuclear genes as examples. The first genotyping of shrews from the southeast of Gansu province (China), which is a typical habitat of B. griselda, has been performed. Molecular genetic analysis showed that Blarinella sp. from southern Gansu stand apart among the other representatives of the genus and can be assigned to neither of the known species.     

New Fabriciola species (Polychaeta, Sabellidae, Fabriciinae) from the eastern Atlantic, with a description of sperm and spermathecal ultrastructure

New species in the genus Fabriciola Friedrich are described. Fabriciola is defined by a single synapomorphy, the presence of non-vascularized, ventral filamentous appendages. Otherwise the genus is variable, with differences among species in chaetae, eyes, and peristomial organization. The new species, Fabriciola flammula, F. liguronis and F. parvus , reflect this heterogeneity. Fabriciola liguronis has spermathecae in the radiolar crown of females, the first record of these structures in Fabriciola , but F. flammula and F. parvus lack spermathecae. Sperm ultrastructure in all three species share apomorphies with other fabriciins, but vary in other respects. Fabriciola may be paraphyletic, but material of the type species F. spongicola (Southern, 1921) has been unobtainable so far, and detailed study of this species is required to define the genus Fabriciola adequately.     

A new late neogene genus of roakers (Perciformes, Sciaenidae) from the Eastern Black Sea Region

The roaker species (Sciaenidae) Sciaena impropria Gabelaia, 1976 from the Lower Pliocene (?) of Abkhazia is assigned to a new genus, Carnevalella gen. nov. This genus essentially differs from other sciaenid fishes in the greater number of supraneurals and vertebrae, the posterior shift of the dorsal fin origin, and the fusion of the fourth hypural with the terminal centrum. An incomplete roaker skeleton found in the Upper Maeotian (Upper Miocene) of the Taman Peninsula (Krasnodar Region) is assigned to the same genus. The Maeotian roaker is described as a new species, C. (?) tmutarakanica sp. nov. Morphological peculiarity of the genus Carnevalella gen. nov. justifies its allocation to a new subfamily, Carnevalellinae subfam. nov.