Erratum

Oxidative DNA damage, antioxidants, and cancer. Andrew R. Collins. (Article was originally published in BioEssays, Volume 21, No. 3, 1999.) In this article, the headings for Tables 1 and 2 were transposed. Table 1 should have been headed ‘Determination of 8-oxo-dG or 8-oxo-guanine Levels in the DNA of Human Tissues: Representative Selection of Recent Reports.’ Table 2 should have been headed ‘Relative Concentrations of 8-oxo-dG (frequency per 10⁵ dG) in Lymphocyte DNA.’     

Erratum to “Helminth communities in the burrowing toad, Rhinella fernandezae, from Northeastern Argentina” by Monika Inés Hamann, Arturo Ignacio Kehr & Cynthya Elizabeth González

The original version of the article was published in Biologia 68 (6): 1155–1163 (2013), DOI: 10.2478/s11756-013-0272-5. Unfortunately, the original version of this article contains a mistake in Table 1 and in left collumn, line 8 on page 1157. Here we display the corrected version of the table and text.     

Interactions Between tassel seed Genes and Other Sex Determining Genes in Maize (Article was originally published in Developmental Genetics 15:155–171.)

Erin E. Irish, Jane A. Langdale, and Timothy Nelson. Interactions Between tassel seed Genes and Other Sex Determining Genes in Maize (Article was originally published in Developmental Genetics 15:155–171.) An incorrect version of Table 2 was printed in the above article. The corrected version is shown below.     

THE DARK ADAPTATION OF THE EYE OF LIMULUS,AS MANIFESTED BY ITS ELECTRIC RESPONSE TO ILLUMINATION

On page 387, Vol. 13, No. 3, January 20, 1930, the numbers in the last column of Table 1 should be divided by 10 to give the true values of k''. In the next to the last line, under Table 1, for value of C = 0.337 read value of C = –0.337.     

To be published in the next issue of BioControl

Table of Contents

To be published in the next issue of BioControl     

Consequences of Sequential Ca2+ Occupancy for the Structure and Dynamics of CalbindinD9K: Computational Simulations and Comparison to Experimental Determinations in Solution (10, 309, (1993))

Abstract

Due to the slow convergence of the atomic rms fluctuations with the length of time for which they are calculated, the entropic contribution to the cooperativity of Ca²⁺ binding to calbindin_D9k, discussed on pp. 329–330, has to be evaluated for a longer interval than used for the rms values given in Table 5. The value of ΔΔG obtained from the rms fluctuations given in Table 5 is about 0.5 Kcal/mole. For the longer interval of 179 ps the average rms values calculated for CAB₀, CAB₁ and CAB₂ (see original article for definitions) are 4.5 Å, 0.9 Å and 0.8 Å, respectively. The value of ΔΔG calculated from these rms fluctuations according to the equations in the the original article is about 1.0 Kcal/mole. It is noted that these trends do not affect the interpretation or conclusions regarding the significance of the configurational entropy for the cooperativity of binding in calbindin_D9k.     

Timing and Completeness of Trial Results Posted at ClinicalTrials.gov and Published in Journals

Background

The US Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act requires results from clinical trials of Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs to be posted at ClinicalTrials.gov within 1 y after trial completion. We compared the timing and completeness of results of drug trials posted at ClinicalTrials.gov and published in journals.

Methods and Findings

We searched ClinicalTrials.gov on March 27, 2012, for randomized controlled trials of drugs with posted results. For a random sample of these trials, we searched PubMed for corresponding publications. Data were extracted independently from ClinicalTrials.gov and from the published articles for trials with results both posted and published. We assessed the time to first public posting or publishing of results and compared the completeness of results posted at ClinicalTrials.gov versus published in journal articles. Completeness was defined as the reporting of all key elements, according to three experts, for the flow of participants, efficacy results, adverse events, and serious adverse events (e.g., for adverse events, reporting of the number of adverse events per arm, without restriction to statistically significant differences between arms for all randomized patients or for those who received at least one treatment dose).From the 600 trials with results posted at ClinicalTrials.gov, we randomly sampled 50% (n = 297) had no corresponding published article. For trials with both posted and published results (n = 202), the median time between primary completion date and first results publicly posted was 19 mo (first quartile = 14, third quartile = 30 mo), and the median time between primary completion date and journal publication was 21 mo (first quartile = 14, third quartile = 28 mo). Reporting was significantly more complete at ClinicalTrials.gov than in the published article for the flow of participants (64% versus 48% of trials, p<0.001), efficacy results (79% versus 69%, p = 0.02), adverse events (73% versus 45%, p<0.001), and serious adverse events (99% versus 63%, p<0.001).The main study limitation was that we considered only the publication describing the results for the primary outcomes.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the need to search ClinicalTrials.gov for both unpublished and published trials. Trial results, especially serious adverse events, are more completely reported at ClinicalTrials.gov than in the published article. Please see later in the article for the Editors'' Summary     

Correction to: Quantification of the contrasting root systems of Pinus thunbergii in soils with different groundwater levels in a coastal forest in Japan

Plant and Soil - The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Table 3 was published erroneously. This Table has now been corrected.     

CORRIGENDUM

Vol. II, N. S. No. 5 (January 1938), article by A. H. K. PETRIEand j . G. WOOD. In Table VII, p. 53, all values of the coefficientsof A²_R and A²_T should be preceded by minus signs.     

THE QUANTIC AND STATISTICAL BASES OF VISUAL EXCITATION

In the article entitled "The quantic and statistical bases of visual excitation" (J. Gen. Physiol., 1947–48, 31, 269), in footnote 1, at the bottom of page 274, read, The product k (k–1) ..., may be written See PDF for Equation. On page 284, in equation (1) add, t = mτ; m = 1,2,3.... I take this occasion to call attention to the fact that in 1944 van der Velden developed two equations, one of which described the variation of liminal energy with the flash time and the other this variation with the visual angle of the spot; both of them apply in the case of homogeneous populations of receptors (rods). These equations are very similar to mine, obtained in an entirely different manner and published nearly 4 years later. In fact, until very recently I was not aware of the equations of van der Velden, published in Physica, 1944, 11, 179, because the papers published in that journal, and particularly those which are written in Dutch, generally become known to French physiologists as abstracts which are often incomplete. Thus the priority of the theoretical basis of the empirical laws which are directly related to the two equations in question belongs entirely to van der Velden. ERNEST L. M. BAUMGARDT In Vol. 31, No. 3, January 20, 1948, page 261, in equation (1) for H ₂ read H ₁. On page 262, in equation (5) for H read H ₂. On page 265, in the third line from the bottom of the page, for 4 c.mm. read 5.24 c.mm. On the same page, in the second line from the bottom of the page, for 5 c.mm. read 6.86 c.mm.     

New antiprotozoal agents: Their synthesis and biological evaluations

Here we report identification of new lead compounds based on quinoline and indenoquinolines with variable side chains as antiprotozoal agents. Quinolines 32, 36 and 37 (Table 1) and indenoquinoline derivatives 14 and 23 (Table 2) inhibit the in vitro growth of the Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense subspecies and Leishmania infantum with IC₅₀ = 0.25 μM. These five compounds have superior activity to that of the front-line drugs such as benznidazole, nifurtimox and comparable to amphotericin B. Thus these compounds constitute new ‘leads’ for further structure–activity studies as potential active antiprotozoal agents.     

Die Normalisierung Genetisch Bedingter Defekte der Zelltrennung beiParamaecium aurelia Durch Sauerstoffmangel und Kohlenmonoxyd

Summary Of two strains ofParamecium aurelia Syngen4, one differs from the normal form by a gene-induced cytpolasmic mutation (Mo-strain), the other by a simple gene mutation (snaky). Both strains have a very similar character: the cells fail to separate with a variable frequency and monster formation results (Table 1).The phenotype of the two strains can be completely normalised by low oxygen tension (Table 2) or by the presence of carbon monoxide. The CO effect is reversible by light (Table 3, 4). 2,4-Dinitrophenol reduces the frequency of monster formation, sometimes to zero (Table 5). Iodoacetic acid, on the other hand, causes a tenfold increase in monster formation over the controls under certain conditions (Table 6).The facts are discussed in relation to the Pasteur phenomenon.     

Inhibition of NF-κB activation by the histone deacetylase inhibitor 4-Me2N-BAVAH induces an early G1 cell cycle arrest in primary hepatocytes

The authors would like to draw the readers' attention to the fact that in the above article, an incorrect version of Table 1 was published. The correct version of Table 1 is printed below:     

Corrigendum to “A serologic investigation of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in China between 2014 and 2019” [Virologica Sinica 37 (2022) 513–520]

Due to our negligence, the original version of this article, published online on 17 June 2022, contained a mistake in Table 2. The positive animal number for unclassified goats/sheep in the fourth line should be 44. The seropositive rate "3.1%" is correct thus remains unchanged. The corrected Table 2 is given below. We apologize for our oversight when preparing the table and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.     

Versuch einer quantitativen Beschreibung des Formensehens der Honigbiene

1. Form discrimination by honeybees can be measured when individuals are trained to select a rewarded shape in preference to other, unrewarded ones (Table 2). In these experiments, the values of discrimination for some pairs of shapes depend upon which of the pair is rewarded (“symmetrical, asymmetrical discrimination”, Table 3, 4).
2. Two groups of possible mechanisms of form discrimination will be discussed. Experimental findings preclude the exclusive use by the bees of any one of those mechanisms. The following discrimination function, however, describes the present as well as previously reported results: $$U = \left| {C_{\text{1}} \frac{{R^ + + R^ - }}{G}F^ + + C_2 {\text{(log}}K^ + {\text{ - log}}K^ - {\text{)}}} \right|$$ (Figs. 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10). R ⁺, R ^?, G and F ⁺ are parts of areas (Fig. 1), K ⁺ and K ^? contour lengths of the shapes to be compared.
3. The weighting factors, C ₁ and C ₂, are apparently given different values by the bee for different shape combinations. Some results might support Mazochin-Porshnyakov's (1969) hypothesis that bees can also recognize other features of the shapes, according to the problem to be solved (Sect. D).

     

Gould biométricien

Gould as a biometrician. Between 1965 and 1973, S.G. Gould published numerous papers on allometry, which established his scientific reputation. This topic allowed him to be aware of the consequences of problems of scale on morphologic evolution. To cite this article: J. Gayon, C. R. Palevol 2 (2003).     

ERRATA

P. 65, line 8, for 86-215 lx read 8,50-21,50 lx P. 66, Table I, for 96 lx read 9,600 lx Table 2, All valuesof light intensity to be multiplied by 100 line 16, for 107lx read 10,700 lx line 17, for 107 lx read 10,700 lx P. 67, Table 3, All values of light intensity to be multipliedby 100 P. 68, Table 4, All values of light intensity to be multipliedby 100 Table 5, All values of light intensity to be multipliedby 100     

The biology ofSclerotinia sclerotiorum,S. trifoliorum,andS. minor with emphasis on specific nomenclature

The separation ofSclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, 5.trifoliorum Erikss., andS. minor Jagger into three distinct species has been based on traditional morphological and physiological criteria such as gross cultural characteristics, sclerotial size, ascus and ascospore dimensions, time of apothecial development in the field, and host association. However, these characteristics tend to be variable and some workers have concluded that the three fungi should be included in one species, 5.sclerotiorum. Recently, new data have been published on morphological, cultural, physiological, ontogenetic, enzyme pattern, mycelial interaction, and cytological characteristics of isolates ofSclerotinia spp. This information supplements, but does not replace, that available from more traditional taxonomic methods and helps to resolve the controversy on the taxonomy and nomenclature of these fungi. This article reviews the relevant literature on the biology of 5.sclerotiorum, S. trifoliorum, and 5.minor, with particular emphasis given to those differences between them that could be of significance regarding their specific nomenclature. After an introduction, mycelia, microconidia, sclerotia, apothecia, infection, control, and taxonomy and nomenclature are discussed. The authors conclude thatS. sclerotiorum, S. trifoliorum, andS. minor are distinct species. The characteristics used to distinguish between them are summarized in table form.     

Sex determination using discriminant function analysis in Indigenous (Kurubas) children and adolescents of Coorg,Karnataka, India: A lateral cephalometric study

Aim: To test the validity of sex discrimination using lateral cephalometric radiograph and discriminant function analysis in Indigenous (Kuruba) children and adolescents of Coorg, Karnataka, India. Methods and materials: Six hundred and sixteen lateral cephalograms of 380 male and 236 females of age ranging from 6.5 to 18 years of Indigenous population of Coorg, Karnataka, India called Kurubas having a normal occlusion were included in the study. Lateral cephalograms were obtained in a standard position with teeth in centric occlusion and lips relaxed. Each radiograph was traced and cephalometric landmarks were measured using digital calliper. Calculations of 24 cephalometric measurements were performed. Results: Males exhibited significantly greater mean angular and linear cephalometric measurements as compared to females (p < 0.05) (Table 5). Also, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in all the variables according to age (Table 6). Out of 24 variables, only ULTc predicts the gender. The reliability of the derived discriminant function was assessed among study subjects; 100% of males and females were recognized correctly. Conclusion: The final outcome of this study validates the existence of sexual dimorphism in the skeleton as early as 6.5 years of age. There is a need for further research to determine other landmarks that can help in sex determination and norms for Indigenous (Kuruba) population and also other Indigenous population of Coorg, Karnataka, India.     

Dihydrofolate reductase and aminopterin resistance in Pneumococcus

Summary Wild-type pneumococci derived from Avery's strain R36A are sensitive to extracellular concentrations of the folate antimetabolite aminopterin exceeding 1.0x10^-6 M. Three classes of resistant strains are phenotypically distinguishable: amiB-r, amiA-r and amiD-r strains are resistant to low (1.5x10^-6 M), intermediate (0.5–4.0×10^-5 M) and high (4.5x10^-4 M) aminopterin levels respectively. The amiA and amiB regions are weakly linked, but linkage has not been established between either of these loci and the amiD region.Consistent with the maximum resistance conferred by mutations in the amiA locus, dihydrofolate (FH₂) reductase in cell-free extracts (CFE) of amiA-r strains has a two- to six-fold greater affinity for the substrate than dose the enzyme in wild-type CFE (Table 1); FH₂ reductase from amiA-r strains may also have reduced affinity for aminopterin. Specific activity of the enzyme is not affected by mutation in the amiA locus (Table 1) and its affinity for the cofactor (NADPH) is probably unaffected by mutation in this locus (Table 4). Dihydrofolate reductase activity in amiA5 CFE is considerably more thermolabile than that in wild-type CFE (Table 2).The enzyme in CFE of the high resistance strain amiD1 has the same affinity for the substrate, cofactor and antimetabolite as FH₂ reductase in wild-type CFE (Figs. 1–4, 8 and 9; Table 4). However, specific activity of the enzyme in amiD1 CFE is 11-fold higher than that in wild-type CFE (Table 1) and it is much more heat stable (Table 2).Some properties of FH₂ reductase in CFE of the high resistance recombinant strain amiA5amiD1 are intermediate between those in CFE of wild-type and amiD1.Preliminary results suggest that CFE of wild-type and amiA5 contain a factor, which is neither dialyzable nor heat sensitive, that has an inhibitory effect upon activity and stability of FH₂ reductase in amiD1 CFE (Tables 2 and 3).