木兰科种子内种皮合点区形态及其系统学意义

在扫描电镜下系统研究了木兰科10属52种成熟种子内种皮合点区形态。该形态分为孔型和管型两大类。孔型为内种皮合点区具一小穿孔。木莲属Manglietia、香木兰属Aromadendron、盖裂木属Talauma(8种)、南洋含笑属Elmerrillia和鹅掌楸属Liriodendron具此类型。管型由内种皮合点区向下凹陷形成的小窝和由窝底向外伸出的小管组成。华盖木属Manglietiastrum、盖裂木属Talauma(3种)、长蕊木兰属Alcimandra、含笑属Michelia、合果木属Paramichelia和观光木属Tsoongiodendron具此类型。在木兰属部分种中还观察到两种形态之间的过渡类型。上述形态特征在属内稳定并为木兰科植物所特有,而且明显表现出原始类群的合点区形态大多为孔型,进化类群的合点区形态大多为管型的特点。     

Caryopsis morphology of the Chloridoideae (Gramineae) and its systematic implications

Macro- and micromorphological analysis of the caryopses of 58 taxa belonging to 45 genera of Chloridoideae allows the recognition of three caryopsis types according to differences in ventral face and hilum morphology. First is the convex ventral face, corresponding with a leaf-shaped hilum, observed in the tribe Pappophoreae. Second is the flat ventral face, corresponding with a rudimentary, needle-shaped or oblong hilum, observed in the tribes Eragrostideae and Leptureae. The third type, observed in the tribe Cynodonteae, is the concave ventral face, corresponding with a grooved or triangular hilum. The ventral face and hilum, together with other useful caryopsis characters, including six different shapes, seven types of spermoderm sculpture and three types of stylopodium, may be used as diagnostic characteristics of genera, and even species, in Chloridoideae. A key to identify the different species of 45 genera is provided.  © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 148 , 57–72.     

Pollen morphology of Rhododendron subgen. Tsutsusi and its systematic implications

Eighty-four pollen samples were obtained for 80 taxa, of which, 13 species and one variety are from sect. Brachycalyx Sweet, 58 species and two varieties from sect. Tsutsusi Sweet, and six species from subgen. Pentanthera (G. Don) Pojarkova, respectively. Pollen morphology of all samples was observed using LM and SEM. Pollen grains are revealed to be spheroidal and tetrahedral with tricolporate apertures. Pollen sizes of sub-gen. Tsutsusi (Sweet) Pojarkova range from 37.67 μm to 61.06 μm, and the exine sculptures are more or less compactly granulated. Pollen sizes are significantly different between sect. Brachycalyx and sect. Tsutsusi of subgen. Tsutsusi. Rhododendron tashiroi Maxim. of sect. Tsusiopsis Sleumer shows a close affinity to sect. Brachycalyx. Pollen size and exine are consistent with general morphology in differentiating species in sect. Tsutsusi. Rhododendron huadingense B. Y. Ding & Y. Y. Fang, once placed as a member of sect. Brachycalyx, should be considered as a species in subgen. Pentanthera.     

杜鹃花属映山红亚属的花粉形态及其系统学意义

Eighty-four pollen samples were obtained for 80 taxa, of which, 13 species and one variety are from sect. Brachycalyx Sweet, 58 species and two varieties from sect. Tsutsusi Sweet, and six species from subgen. Pentanthera （G. Don） Pojarkova, respectively. Pollen morphology of all samples was observed using LM and SEM. Pollen grains are revealed to be spheroidal and tetrahedral with tricolporate apertures. Pollen sizes of subgen. Tsutsusi （Sweet） Pojarkova range from 37.67 μm to 61.06μm, and the exine sculptures are more or less compactly granulated. Pollen sizes are significantly different between sect. Brachycalyx and sect. Tsutsusi of subgen. Tsutsusi. Rhododendron tashiroi Maxim. of sect. Tsusiopsis Sleumer shows a close affinity to sect. Brachycalyx. Pollen size and exine are consistent with general morphology in differentiating species in sect. Tsutsusi. Rhododendron huadingense B. Y. Ding ＆ Y. Y. Fang, once placed as a member of sect. Brachycalyx, should be considered as a species in subgen. Pentanthera.     

Reproductive morphology ofMegaleranthis saniculifolia Ohwi (Ranunculaceae) and its systematic implications

To confirm the taxonomic treatment ofMegaleranthis saniculifolia Ohwi, an endemic genus and species in Korea, we compared its reproductive morphological characteristics with those ofTrollius and other genera within the Ranunculaceae. Although its external morphology might suggest thatMegaleranthis differs fromTrollius, Calathodes, and etc., we found no distinctly different features in this genus. Likewise, previous studies of their pollen structures, chromosome data, and petal morphology have indicated no differences betweenMegaleranthis andTrollius. In fact, related genera share similar characteristics, such as a tetrasporangia anther, glandular tapetum, simultaneous cytokinesis, an anatropous and bitegmic ovule, embryo sac formation of thePolygonum type, exarillate and copious albuminous seed, and several apocarps. Although the unique feature of having both tenuinucellate and crassinucellate ovules simultaneously may initially seem particular toMegaleranthis, it is present in other genera of the same family. Therefore, based on this evidence of reproductive morphology and other information, we suggest thatM. saniculifolia is closely related toTrollius, and should be included within that genus, i.e., asT. chosenensis Ohwi. Nevertheless, we have tentatively placedMegaleranthis within its own monotypic and endemic genus until definitive data become available.     

Pollen morphology and ultrastructure of selected species of Magnoliaceae

The pollen morphology and ultrastructure of 20 species, representing eight genera of the Magnoliaceae are described based on observations with light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The family represents a homogeneous group from a pollen morphological point of view. The pollen grains are boat-shaped with a single elongate aperture on the distal face. The tectum is usually microperforate, rarely slightly or coarsely rugulose. Columellae are often irregular, but well-developed columellae do occur in some taxa. The endexine is distinct in 14 species, but difficult to discern in the genera Parakmeria, Kmeria and Tsoongiodendron. Within the aperture zone the exine elements are reduced to a thin foot layer. The intine has three layers with many vesicular-fibrillar components and tubular extensions in intine 1. The symmetry of the pollen grains, shape, type of aperture and ultrastructure of the intine show a remarkable uniformity in the family. Nevertheless there is variety in pollen size, ornamentation and the ultrastructure of the exine. The pollen of Magnoliaceae is an example of an early trend of specialization, and supports the view that Magnoliaceae are not one of the earliest lines in the phylogeny of flowering plants.     

Pollen morphology of Astragalus section Hymenostegis (Fabaceae) and evaluation of its systematic implications

Astragalus is with nearly 3000 described species the largest genus of flowering plants. So far analyses of pollen characters have only been conducted for a few species of the groups within the genus. Here we analyse pollen grains of 22 species representative for Astragalus section Hymenostegis using scanning electron microscopy. We found the basic shape of the pollen grains to be oblate-spheroidal and apertures to be tricolpate as for other eudicots. The sculpturing pattern of the exine is micro-reticulate. Pollen grains show low morphological variation among different species of this section, but differences occur between sections of the genus. We conclude that the vast morphological differentiation that occurred during the rapid radiation of section Hymenostegis was not accompanied by comparable differentiation in pollen morphology.     

猕猴桃属花粉形态及其系统学意义

由于天然种间杂交,猕猴桃属Actinidia Lindl.的分类存在着组间界限不清、近缘种之间很难区分的问题。本文试图通过对该属不同组、系的植物花粉及种间杂交后代花粉的扫描电镜观察,探讨该属物种的系统学关系。在扫描电镜下观察了猕猴桃属植物21种、 6变种和4个不同种间杂交F1代植株的花粉,描述了它们的花粉形态,并根据花粉形态特征建立了相应的检索表。研究结果表明：（1）猕猴桃属的花粉形状主要以长球形至近球形为主,变异较小,而花粉粒大小和外壁纹饰的种间差异较大。（2）多数迁地保护物种的花粉粒以三孔沟为主,不同于以前报道的以三拟孔沟为主,原因可能是花粉样本采集地的环境不一样,以及野外的广泛杂交造成的。（3）种间杂交后代花粉空瘪,无授粉能力,是由于所采用亲本植株染色体的倍性不同,后代不能产生正常花粉所致。（4）人工选育雄株花粉外壁纹饰较野生雄株花粉的精细,这种花粉外壁纹饰变小的特征可能有利于雌雄异株植物的授粉受精。这一现象值得进一步探讨。（5）雄株花粉大小与其雌株果实大小之间有一定相关性,这一现象有助于杂交后代的早期筛选。     

南五味子属花的形态及其系统学意义

借助扫描电镜观察了南五味子属(Kadsura)中黑老虎(K.coccinea)、南五味子(K.japonica)和狭叶南五味子(K.angustifolia)雄花和雌花的形态发生过程, 三种植物花发育早期相似而发育后期出现分异。根据花形态发生早期的相似性, 支持南五味子属为单系起源;根据花形态发生后期的分异状态, 支持将南五味子属分为离蕊南五味子亚属(Subgenus Cosbaea)和南五味子亚属(Subgenus Kadsura)。借助扫描电镜观察了短梗南五味子(K.borneensis)和披针叶南五味子(K.lanceolata)花的形态, 将南五味子和狭叶南五味子的花与短梗南五味子和披针叶南五味子的花比较, 赞成在南五味子亚属下设南五味子组(Section Kadsura)和南洋南五味子组(Section Sarcocarpon)。根据在狭叶南五味子中观察到的两性花痕迹和在五味子属(Schisandra)东亚五味子(S.elongata)花中观察到的两性花, 本文认为现存五味子科(Schisandraceae )植物的单性花可能由具两性花结构的祖先演化而来。根据五味子科植物柱头与八角科(Illiciaceae)植物柱头的相似性, 不支持将五味子科从八角目(Illiciales)中分出而成立五味子目(Schisandrales)的观点。     

Pollen morphology of the Schisandraceae and its systematic significance

Pollen morphology of 91 samples, representing 23 species, 6 varieties and 1 form of the Schisandraceae, was examined under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Palynological data of 5 species, 4 varieties and 1 form are reported for the first time. The pollen grains are monads, heteropolar, radiosymmetric and oblate to peroblate in shape. Arrangement of their colpi is unique in angiosperms. The pollen grains can be divided into two types according to the number of their clopi: the tricolpate pollen type and the hexacolpate pollen type. The exine sculpturing is reticulate. The size of luminae and the breadth of muri are correlated with the floral morphology of the hisandraceae to a certain extent. Our results do not support the division of the pollen grains of the Schisandraceae into 4 types according to the size of inae as proposed by Praglowski. There is also still room of discussion about his conclusion that the pole where the three longer colpi converge is the distal pole. The evolutionary trends of the pollen grains of the Schisandraceae seem to be from fewer to more in the number of colpi, and from smaller to larger in the size of luminae. The view that Kadsura is more primitive than Schisnadra is not supported by palynological data; on the contrary, Kadsura seems to be more advanced than Schisandra at the general level of evolution. The two genera may be closely related, and might have originated from a common ancestor and then evolved parallelly along two different routes.     

五味子科植物花形态及其系统学意义

用光镜和扫描电镜观察了五味子科Ｓｃｈｉｓａｎｄｒａｃｅａｅ２３种、６变种和１变型的９１份花粉的形态。其中５ 、４变种和１变型的花粉形态为首次报道。该科花粉为单花粉,异极,辐射对称,扁球形至超扁球形,其萌发沟的排列格局在被子植物中是独一无二的。若按萌发沟的数目划分,该科花粉可分为３沟型和６沟型两个类型。外壁为网状纹饰,网眼的大小和网脊的宽度与花的形态有一定相关性。研究结果不支持Ｐｒａｇｌｏｗｓｋｉ对     

含笑属(木兰科)植物花粉形态及其系统学意义

利用扫描电子显微镜对含笑属12个分类群的花粉形态进行了观察和研究。花粉粒椭圆形,两侧对称,异极,具远极单萌发沟,中等大小;形成一较为自然的分类群。虽然花粉粒的大小和表面雕纹不同种间具有一定的差异,但不足以为现有的属下分类系统提供足够的证据。     

蜘蛛抱蛋属植物花粉形态及系统学意义

用扫描电子显微镜对国产 1 4种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的花粉形态进行了观察 ,该属植物的花粉形态有长球形和球形 2种 ;外壁纹饰可分为 3大类型 :( 1 )皱波状纹饰 ;( 2 )小芽孢状纹饰 ;( 3)瘤棒状纹饰。它们的演化趋势是 :皱波状纹饰→芽孢状纹饰→瘤棒状纹饰     

中国栎属植物花粉形态及其系统学意义

从系统学分类学的角度出发 ,对国产栎属 31个种的花粉进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察。研究结果表明栎属的花粉萌发孔对该属的系统与分类无太大的参考价值 ;但栎属的花粉纹饰有颗粒状、聚颗粒状两种主要类型 ,具有重要的系统学分类学价值。花粉形态的研究结果支持将栎属植物划分为常绿类与落叶类的观点 ;栎属巴东栎组植物的花粉纹饰在种间存在分化 ,花粉形态的研究结果支持将巴东栎组至少划分为两个不同类群的观点 ;在佐以其他证据的情况下 ,栎属植物的花粉纹饰还具有重要的分类学价值     

Seedling morphology of three mangrove species and its taxonomic implications

Seedling establishment is an important part of the life cycle of mangroves. Very early in the juvenile stage, they face adverse situations such as a variable and unstable substrate as well as a high-saline environment Therefore, the propagules should have some ability to float in saline water. Seedlings differ morphologically from the adult plants. Here, I examined the seedling growth stages in three species of mangrove:Aegialitis rotundifolia Roxb.,Aegiceras corniculatum (L) Blanco, andAvicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. that grow in the Sundarbans swamps of West Bengal. In all cases, fruits were the propagating units; seeds were inseparable from those fruits. Germination was rapid and required no dormancy period. The hypocotyi pierced the seed coat rather than emerging from the pericarp — a variation on the traditional viviparous type of germination. Seedlings then became exposed prior to abscission from parent plants. Based on germination patterns and differences in seedling morphology observed here, these species should be classified in a more relevant taxonomic group than was done previously.     

木兰科及其近缘科种子内种皮合点区形态

对木兰科、林仙科、八角科、五味子科的种子进行了详细观察,结果发现,木兰科种子为Endotestal型,且合点区具孔或管的特殊形态。其余三科为Extotestal型。由此说明它们与木兰科的亲缘关系较远,木兰科植物是一个自然的组合。     

中国干旱区柽柳科植物种子形态特征及其系统学意义

对中国干旱区柽柳科（Ｔａｍａｒｉｃａｃｅａｅ）植物３属７代表种的种子形态及种皮表面亚显微结构进行了观察,表明种子形态及种皮表面亚显微结构可为本科植物的分类提供有价值的信息。根据种子表皮毛着生的类型并结合外部形态特征可初步得出以下结论：（１）表皮毛可分为Ⅰ型表皮毛和Ⅱ型表皮毛,前者着生于种子表面,包括红砂属（ＲｅａｕｍｕｒｉａＬ．）和柽柳属（ＴａｍａｒｉｘＬ．）植物的一些种类;后者着生于种子顶端的芒柱上,包括柽柳属一些种类和水柏枝属（ＭｙｒｉｃａｒｉａＤｅｓｖ．）植物。（２）表皮毛的演化趋势是由Ⅰ型表皮毛向Ⅱ型表皮毛转化。（３）红砂属处于本科的原始地位,水柏枝属较为进化,柽柳属是联系两者的中间环节,本属内亦存在许多过渡类型。     

山东蔊菜属种子形态学研究及其系统分类学意义

对山东菜属植物的种子,从大小、翅、颜色和种子微形态等方面进行了研究;结果表明该属的种子为卵形或近圆形,呈扁平状;种子表面纹饰为网状或乳突状。与近缘属种子形态的研究表明,菜属和豆瓣菜属亲缘关系较近。因种子的形态特点比较稳定,所以菜属的种子特点可以为其分类、生药鉴定以及演化提供种子形态学方面的证据。     

四川前胡属的花粉形态及系统学意义

通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了前胡属 Peucedanum L.7种植物的花粉形态 .研究结果表明 :该属花粉为三棱长球形 ;三孔沟 ,边孔 ;外壁两层 ,层次分明 .根据花粉形态可归为 :矩形型和赤道收缩形型二个类型 ,其演化趋势为矩形型→赤道收缩形型 .研究结果支持了关于前胡属在伞形科中是一个较自然和较进化的类群的观点 .本文从孢粉学角度还初步分析了该属的属下系统 ,为该属的系统学研究提供基础资料