树轮灰度与树轮密度的对比分析及其对气候要素的响应

通过对比新疆巩乃斯地区艾肯达坂采样点雪岭云杉5种树轮灰度年表与其对应4种密度年表的特征参数、年表曲线及其在全频域、高频域及低频域上的相关系数,发现早材平均灰度和晚材平均灰度的变化能够较好的反映早材平均密度和晚材平均密度的变化,而年轮最大灰度和年轮最小灰度的变化对年轮最小密度和年轮最大密度的变化则反映较差.与这一地区气象资料的相关分析结果表明,当年5月至8月平均最高气温与年轮平均灰度年表的相关性最好且具有明确的树木生理学意义,最高单相关系数为-0.542 (P＜0.0001,n=51).证明了树轮灰度在历史时期气候变化研究中的应用潜力,同时也为将来在这一地区开展利用树轮灰度重建历史时期气候变化打下了基础.     

计算机X 线片骨放射密度法在蛋鸡骨质 疏松症研究中的应用

应用灰度对比法的原理建立了计算机X线片蛋鸡骨放射密度法。结果表明,铝阶厚度与灰度之间呈显著的线性关系（P〈0．01,r=0．997）,铝阶厚度变化可准确反映蛋鸡骨骼骨量变化,不同曝光条件对骨量值无明显的影响（P〉0．05）。该方法简便,精确,重复性好,经济,为研究蛋鸡骨质疏松症提供重要的检测手段。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对下颌阻生牙手术患者血清IL-6水平及牙槽骨密度的影响

目的:探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对对下颌阻生牙手术患者血清IL-6水平及牙槽骨密度的影响。方法:收集我院就诊的104例行下颌阻生牙手术患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组52例。所有患者均行下颌阻生牙手术。对照组患者术后注射生理盐水,实验组患者术后注射碱性成纤维细胞生长因子。观察并比较两组患者血清白介素6(IL-6)、牙槽骨密度水平、临床治疗有效率以及不良反应发生情况。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后的骨密度水平均升高,IL-6水平均下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组相比,实验组患者的牙槽骨密度水平及临床治疗有效率均较高,IL-6水平较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组患者未出现不良明显反应。结论:碱性成纤维细胞生长因子可显著提高下颌阻生牙术后患者的创口恢复,且有效预防感染的发生。     

胰岛素对糖尿病兔牙槽骨缺损修复的影响

目的：探讨胰岛素对糖尿病兔牙槽骨缺损修复治疗的效果,为糖尿病所致的牙周炎提供临床治疗的依据,方法：40只大耳白兔随机分为4组：A组制备健康兔的牙槽骨缺损;B组为胰岛素组,制备健康兔牙槽骨缺损后,用胰岛素治疗;C组为糖尿病组,制备糖尿病兔牙槽骨缺损;D组为糖尿病胰岛素治疗组,制备糖尿病兔牙槽骨缺损后,用胰岛素治疗。每组10只,缺损制备后4、8周各处死5只,对各组成骨情况进行组织学观察及测定。结果：组织学观察A、B、D组修复区可见大量新骨形成,以B组为显著;C组仅见少许成骨,多为纤维组织。新生骨面积比和成骨细胞数在4、8周时均为D组大于c组,B组大于A组,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。证明应用胰岛素促进糖尿病兔缺损牙槽骨形成新骨的效果明显。结论：胰岛素能够促进糖尿病兔牙槽骨缺损的戍骨,为,临床上治疗糖尿病并发牙周炎提供一种新的手段。     

浅析去除取样法调查种群密度

结合实例介绍去除取样法调查种群密度的原理、应用及注意事项。     

皮纹密度的初步研究

本文对ab、ad、td、Δatd四种皮纹密度进行了初步分析与研究,结果表明,四种皮纹密度有明显的年龄差异,其性别差异随年龄增大而明显,左右手差异随年龄的增大而减弱。四种皮纹密度与七项测量性特征呈不同程度与性质的相关。     

植物密度调控及其对环境变化响应的研究进展

植物密度调控规律研究对于推动植物生态学理论的发展和指导林业、农业、牧业的合理密植以及恢复、改良不良生态环境等具有重要意义.文章综述了植物-3/2与-1/2自疏法则,自疏指数的不稳定性与争论,以及自疏法则与密度调控指数的关系的研究,总结了密度调控指数对水分梯度、盐分浓度、海拔以及光照条件等环境变化的响应,讨论了植物个体间的正负相互作用及其生态场、植物形态、盖度等植物密度调控机理与环境变化的关系,指出自疏指数研究经历从恒定、变异、随环境变化的发展,最后从WBE模型和代谢生态理论(MTE)、植物邻体效应、根冠整合机制、植物根际微生物对植物相互作用的调控、宏观与微观结合等方面展望了植物密度调控规律的研究发展趋势.     

雉鸡的活动痕迹及种群密度的初步研究

本文报道了在不同生境中采用样方法对雉鸡及其活动痕迹进行调查,并根据Ｄ＝Ｎ／Ｂ公式对所得的数据加以处理,其结果表明雉鸡在活动过程中所留下的巢、粪便等痕迹均以灌草丛为最多,而取食刨土所留下的痕迹则以农耕地为最多。其种群密度,在草坡为５６只／ｋｍ２,稀树灌丛草坡为７８只／ｋｍ２,灌丛草坡为１５６只／ｋｍ２。     

牙周基础治疗和牙周再生术联合正畸治疗对广泛型侵袭性牙周炎合并牙槽骨缺损患者的临床研究

摘要 目的：观察牙周基础治疗和牙周再生术联合正畸治疗对广泛型侵袭性牙周炎合并牙槽骨缺损患者的临床疗效及对血清炎症因子和牙龈沟细菌微生态的影响。方法：分析我院2017年8月~2018年8月期间接收的83例广泛型侵袭性牙周炎合并牙槽骨缺损患者的临床资料。根据治疗方式的不同将患者分为A组（40例,牙周基础治疗和牙周再生术治疗）和B组（43例,牙周基础治疗和牙周再生术联合正畸治疗）。观察两组疗效、血清炎症因子、牙龈沟细菌微生态、牙周指标及牙槽骨密度、牙槽骨缺损高度。结果：B组的临床总有效率高于A组（P<0.05）。B组治疗结束后龈沟出血指数（SBI）、牙周探诊深度（PD）、临床附着丧失（AL）、牙菌斑指数（PLI）、牙龈指数（GI）低于A组（P<0.05）。B组治疗结束后牙槽骨缺损高度低于A组,牙槽骨密度高于A组（P<0.05）。B组治疗结束后血清白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-8（IL-8）水平低于A组（P<0.05）。B组治疗结束后杆菌、球菌、丝状菌、弯曲菌检出率低于A组,梭状菌、螺旋体检出率高于A组（P<0.05）。结论：广泛型侵袭性牙周炎合并牙槽骨缺损患者采用牙周再生术、牙周基础治疗联合正畸治疗,疗效显著,可有效改善牙周状况及牙槽骨缺损情况,降低血清炎症因子水平,但该联合治疗方案会对口腔的细菌微生态产生破坏作用。因此,在接受该方案治疗时,应注意口腔清洁,尽量减轻对牙龈沟细菌微生态的影响。     

应用计算机图像技术识别间日疟原虫的初步研究

目的应用数字图像技术识别间日疟原虫。方法基于图像预处理、图像分割、特征提取、判决分类等步骤,分别对间日疟原虫薄血膜的裂殖体图像进行处理,观察其识别效率和准确度。结果边缘检测和图像灰度值检测两种方法均能够识别间日疟原虫裂殖体,而二者的联合方法可以得到较好的识别效果。结论初步探索采用边缘和图像灰度联合检测的方法能够识别间日疟原虫薄血膜的裂殖体。     

Dietary boron does not affect tooth strength,micro-hardness,and density,but affects tooth mineral composition and alveolar bone mineral density in rabbits fed a high-energy diet

The objective of this study was to determine whether dietary boron (B) affects the strength, density and mineral composition of teeth and mineral density of alveolar bone in rabbits with apparent obesity induced by a high-energy diet. Sixty female, 8-month-old, New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned for 7 months into five groups as follows: (1) control 1, fed alfalfa hay only (5.91 MJ/kg and 57.5 mg B/kg); (2) control 2, high energy diet (11.76 MJ and 3.88 mg B/kg); (3) B10, high energy diet + 10 mg B gavage/kg body weight/96 h; (4) B30, high energy diet + 30 mg B gavage/kg body weight/96 h; (5) B50, high energy diet + 50 mg B gavage/kg body weight/96 h. Maxillary incisor teeth of the rabbits were evaluated for compression strength, mineral composition, and micro-hardness. Enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp tissue were examined histologically. Mineral densities of the incisor teeth and surrounding alveolar bone were determined by using micro-CT. When compared to controls, the different boron treatments did not significantly affect compression strength, and micro-hardness of the teeth, although the B content of teeth increased in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to control 1, B50 teeth had decreased phosphorus (P) concentrations. Histological examination revealed that teeth structure (shape and thickness of the enamel, dentin, cementum and pulp) was similar in the B-treated and control rabbits. Micro CT evaluation revealed greater alveolar bone mineral density in B10 and B30 groups than in controls. Alveolar bone density of the B50 group was not different than the controls. Although the B treatments did not affect teeth structure, strength, mineral density and micro-hardness, increasing B intake altered the mineral composition of teeth, and, in moderate amounts, had beneficial effects on surrounding alveolar bone.     

Controlled release of injectable liposomal in situ gel loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 for the repair of alveolar bone clefts in rabbits

Background and objective: The aim of the present study was to develop and examine a new non-invasive injectable graft for the repair of alveolar bone clefts using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) encapsulated within injectable liposomal in situ gel (LIG).

Method: Different liposomal formulations loaded with rhBMP-2 were prepared, and the effects of the preparation methods and lipid content on the efficiency of rhBMP-2 encapsulation within the liposomes were studied. For the preparation of in situ gel, deacetylated gellan gum (DGG) was used, and the in vitro gelation characteristics of the gel were evaluated. In vivo pharmacokinetics and histology were also assessed. Critical size alveolar defects were surgically created in the maxillae of 30 New Zealand rabbits and treated with different injectable formulae, including rhBMP-2 liposomes and in situ gel (rhBMP-2-LIG).

Results: The results indicated that the prepared rhBMP-2-LIG prolonged the release and residence time of BMP-2 within rabbits for more than 7 days. Histomorphometric assessment showed 67% trabecular bone filling of the defects treated using this novel formula.

Conclusion: BMP-2-LIG is a promising delivery device for the repair of alveolar bone defects associated with cleft deformities.     

Expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 and RECK during alveolar bone regeneration in rat

MMPs are endopeptidases that play a pivotal role in ECM turnover. RECK is a single membrane-anchored MMP-regulator. Here, we evaluated the temporal and spatial expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and RECK during alveolar bone regeneration. The maxillary central incisor of Wistar rats was extracted and the animals were killed at 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 42 days post-operatively (n = 3/period). The hemimaxillae were collected, demineralized and embedded in paraffin. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed by the immunoperoxidase technique with polyclonal antibodies. On day 1, polymorphonuclear cells in the blood clot presented mild immunolabeling for MMPs. During bone remodeling, osteoblasts facing new bone showed positive staining for gelatinases and RECK in all experimental periods. MMPs were also found in the connective tissue and endothelial cells. Our results show for the first time that inactive and/or active forms of MMP-2, MMP-9 and RECK are differentially expressed by osteogenic and connective cells during several events of alveolar bone regeneration. This may be important for the replacement of the blood clot by connective tissue, and in the formation, maturation and remodeling of new bone.     

Fabrication of individual scaffolds based on a patient-specific alveolar bone defect model

Fabricating individualized tissue engineering scaffolds based on the three-dimensional shape of patient bone defects is required for the successful clinical application of bone tissue engineering. However, there are currently no reported studies of individualized bone tissue engineering scaffolds that truly reproduce a patient-specific bone defect. We fabricated individualized tissue engineering scaffolds based on alveolar bone defects. The individualized poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and tricalcium phosphate composite scaffolds were custom-made by acquiring the three-dimensional model through computed tomography, which was input into the computer-aided low-temperature deposition manufacturing system. The three-dimensional shape of the fabricated scaffold was identical to the patient-specific alveolar bone defects, with an average macropore diameter of 380 μm, micropore diameters ranging from 3 to 5 μm, and an average porosity of 87.4%. The mechanical properties of the scaffold were similar to adult cancellous bone. Scaffold biocompatibility was confirmed by attachment and proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Successful realization of individualized scaffold fabrication will enable clinical application of tissue-engineered bone at an early date.     

百岁以上老人跟骨骨密度和骨强度的相关性分析

目的研究广西巴马百岁以上女性老人的年龄、身高、体重、BMI与跟骨骨密度、骨强度之间的关系。方法采用定量超声骨密度测定仪,对广西巴马16名百岁以上女性老人的跟骨骨密度、骨强度进行测定,并记录相应年龄,同时行人工测量身高、体重、BMI指数,应用SPSS16.0软件分别计算年龄、身高、体重、BMI与跟骨骨密度、骨强度的pearson的相关系数。结果年龄、身高、体重、BMI均与百岁以上女性老人的跟骨骨密度、骨强度有相关关系,但相关性均无显著性(P0.05)。其中年龄、身高、体重与跟骨骨密度、骨强度呈负相关关系;BMI与跟骨骨密度、骨强度呈正相关关系,但相关性均无显著性(P0.05)。结论年龄、身高、体重、BMI均是广西巴马百岁以上女性老人骨密度、骨强度的影响因素,但相关性均无显著性,或需探讨新的评价指标衡量百岁以上女性老人的骨密度及骨强度,为百岁以上女性老人早期预防和诊断骨质疏松提供科学依据。     

T cell knockout mice have diminished alveolar bone loss after oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis

Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases that can result in resorption of the alveolar bone of the jaw. We have developed a murine model in which alveolar bone loss is induced by oral infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, an oral anaerobic bacterium associated with periodontal disease in humans. Here we compared a strain of immunocompetent mice (C57BL/6J) to the same strain of mice made T cell deficient by genetic deletion of the alpha chain of their T cell receptors (C57BL/6J-Tcra). T cell deficiency did not affect the ability of P. gingivalis to implant in the oral cavity. The two strains of mice had equal percentages of P. gingivalis among their cultivable anaerobes 7 weeks after infection. The same bacterial load led to much less bone resorption in the T cell deficient mice than in the immune normal mice, measured as either the number of sites with significant loss, or as the total amount of bone resorbed. T cell deficient mice lost bone at only three out of 14 measurement sites, compared with eight out of 14 sites in the wild-type mice. The total amount of bone lost was 70% less in the T cell deficient mice. T cell deficient mice had lower titers of P. gingivalis-specific IgG than the wild-type mice after oral infection did, but the same titers of specific IgA. Lower titers did not correlate with greater bone loss. Antigen-activated T lymphocytes are known to induce osteoclastogenesis; here we demonstrate that T cell deletion decreases the amount of alveolar bone loss induced by infection of the murine oral cavity.     

Age-related changes of bone mineral density in human calcaneus, talus, and scaphoid bone

To examine whether the bone mineral density (BMD) decreases uniformly with aging in any spongy bones, the authors investigated age-related changes of BMD in the calcaneus, talus, and scaphoid bone. After the ordinary dissection by medical students was finished, calcanei, tali, and scaphoid bones were resected from the subjects, and BMDs were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Their BMDs seemed to decrease gradually with aging in the calcanei, tali, and scaphoid bones. It was found that there were statistically significant relationships between age and BMD in the men’s and women’s scaphoid bones, women’s tali, and women’s calcanei, but not in the men’s tali and calcanei. It should be noted that there were significant relationships between age and BMD in both men’s and women’s scaphoid bones. In regard to relationship in BMD between the bones of the upper and lower limbs in individuals, it was found that the relationship between the calcaneus and talus was higher than that between the calcaneus and scaphoid bone. This suggests that there is a higher relationship in BMD between the two tarsal bones compared with that between the tarsal and carpal bones.     

Obstetric implications of neanderthal robusticity and bone density

Neanderthal pelvic morphology is not well understood, despite the recent find and analysis of the Kebara 2 pelvis. Many of the proposed hypotheses focus on the possible need for a larger birth canal. A previously unexplored aspect involves possible direct obstetric implications of bone robusticity and density. These characteristics ocan affect obstetrics in modern humans, especially the molding of the neonate's head during parturition: engineering studies have shown that denser neonate cranial bones undergo less deformation, and thicker (more robust) cranial bones would also be expected to deform less during the birth process. These bone characteristics may also result in a less flexible birth canal. Thus, more robust or denser bones could result in the need for a larger birth canal or a smaller neonate head, due to decreased flexibility. Examples from modern populations are discussed and the conclusions applied to Neanderthals, who are known to have had high bone robusticity and may have had high bone density, given their heavy musculature. (A positive association between muscle mass and bone density has been observed repeatedly in modern humans.) We conclude that bone robusticity and density may have obstetrical implications for Neanderthals, with particular importance for neonate head molding during birth.