| 永兴岛附近海域珊瑚礁鱼类群落结构特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 王腾,刘永,李纯厚,肖雅元,林琳,李纯然,谢雨芳,吴鹏. 永兴岛附近海域珊瑚礁鱼类群落结构特征[J]. 水生生物学报, 2023, 47(4): 674-683. DOI: 10.7541/2023.2022.0008 |
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| 作者姓名： | 王腾 刘永 李纯厚 肖雅元 林琳 李纯然 谢雨芳 吴鹏 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所510300;2.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)511458; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900803和2018YFC1406502)；南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0605)；农业农村部财政专项(NFZX2021)；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2020TD16)；中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2021SD04和2019TS28)资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为更好地保护和管理西沙永兴岛附近海域珊瑚礁鱼类,于2020—2021年对永兴岛上岸渔获物进行了调查研究,分析了鱼类群落结构组成及其变化和演替特征。结果表明:调查共发现永兴岛附近海域珊瑚礁鱼类101种,隶属于5目21科,以鲈形目鱼类最多,占总种类的84.16%,生物量超总渔获物的90%;科级水平鹦嘴鱼科鱼类最多,达21种,生物量超总渔获物的45%。28种珊瑚礁鱼类是永兴岛附近海域主要捕捞对象,占总渔获物的80%以上。永兴岛附近海域珊瑚礁鱼类呈现过度捕捞,一是主要渔获物中的中大型鱼类均重偏小;二是本海域个体体型最大的鱼类出现较多消亡;三是肉食性鱼类大量消亡;四是植食性鱼类生物量占比超过了肉食性鱼类。永兴岛附近海域珊瑚礁鱼类已经演替到以植食性鱼类为主导的生态系统;大量海胆的出现,表明了这一珊瑚礁生态系统在进一步衰退,向以海胆为主导的生态系统演变。保护西沙永兴岛附近海域珊瑚礁鱼类已经刻不容缓,需要严格地控制本海域的捕捞强度。
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| 关 键 词： | 珊瑚礁鱼类 种类组成 食性类型 个体大小 过度捕捞 演替 永兴岛 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-01-06 |
CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN CORAL REEFS ADJACENT TO YONGXING ISLAND OF XISHA ISLANDS |
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| Wang T.,Liu Y.,Li C.-H.,Xiao Y.-Y.,Lin L.,Li C.-R.,Xie Y.-F.,Wu P.. CHARACTERISTICS OF FISH COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN CORAL REEFS ADJACENT TO YONGXING ISLAND OF XISHA ISLANDS[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2023, 47(4): 674-683. DOI: 10.7541/2023.2022.0008 |
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| Authors: | Wang T. Liu Y. Li C.-H. Xiao Y.-Y. Lin L. Li C.-R. Xie Y.-F. Wu P. |
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| Abstract: | The coral reef ecosystem has extremely high biodiversity and are known as the “tropical rainforests in the ocean”. There are more than 6 million people engaged in coral reef fishing in the world, supporting 10% of the global fisheries catch. Coral reef fisheries are the main source of income and livelihoods for millions of people (especially in developing countries). At the same time, coral reef fisheries are also facing serious overfishing. Yongxing Island is a typical coral reef ecosystem coral island, and fishing was the only direct source of income for the original residents here. Relevant studies in recent years have shown that the fishery of Yongxing Island was overfishing. In order to better understand, protect and manage coral reef fishes in the waters adjacent to Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands, a survey was carried out on the shore catches on Yongxing Island from 2020 to 2021, and the composition of fish community structure and its changes and succession characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that: a total of 101 species of coral reef fish were found, belonging to 5 orders and 21 families. Perciformes accounted for 84.16% of the total species, and their biomass exceeded 90% of the total catch. At the family level, parrotfish have the largest number of species, reaching 21 species, with the biomass exceeds 45% of the total catch. Twenty-eight species fishes were the main fishing targets in this sea area, accounting for more than 80% of the total catch. The fishes in this sea area were overfished. First, the average weight of medium-sized and large-sized fishes in the main catch was too small, there were 9 species of large-sized fish, only 3 species had an average weight of more than 1000 g, and the average weight of other species was less than 1000 g, there were 16 species of medium-sized fish, and only 4 species had an average weight of more than 500 g. Second, most of the largest fishes in this sea area had disappeared, the largest fishes that had appeared in this sea area in the past (such as Carcharhinus limbatus, Rhizoprionodon acutus, Rhynchobatus djiddensis, Cheilinus undulatus, Plectropomus leopardus, Bolbometopon muricatum, etc.) were not found in present research. Third, a large number of carnivorous fish had disappeared. Based on present research and the characteristics of coral reef fisheries, we had compared and analyzed the family-level fish with important edible economic value. These families were Muraenidae, Sphyraenidae, Carangidae, Lethrinidae, Caesionidae, Lutjanidae, Mullidae, Haemulidae, Serranidae, Scaridae, Siganidae, Kyphosidae. There were 28 species of herbivorous fishes in this survey and 32 species in the historical survey; 49 species of carnivorous fishes in this survey and 79 species in the historical survey. Fourth, the biomass of herbivorous fish exceeds that of carnivorous fish. Early studies of coral reef ecology (i.e. primitive coral reef ecosystem) showed that coral reef fishes were mainly carnivorous, and the biomass of carnivorous was 3—4 times that of herbivorous. The coral reef fishes in this sea area had succeeded to an ecosystem dominated by herbivorous fishes. The emergence of a large number of sea urchins indicated that this coral reef ecosystem was further declining and evolving to an ecosystem dominated by sea urchins. Therefore, it is urgent to protect coral reef fishes in the waters adjacent to Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands, and it is necessary to strictly control the fishing intensity in this water. |
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| Keywords: | Coral reef fish Feeding type Individual size Overfishing Species composition Succession Yongxing Island |
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