通过红色名录评估研究中国哺乳动物受威胁现状及其原因 Evaluating the status of China’s mammals and analyzing their causes of endangerment through the red list assessment期刊界 All Journals 搜尽天下杂志传播学术成果专业期刊搜索期刊信息化学术搜索

通过红色名录评估研究中国哺乳动物受威胁现状及其原因

引用本文：	蒋志刚,李立立,罗振华,汤宋华,李春旺,胡慧建,马勇,吴毅,王应祥,周开亚,刘少英,冯祚建,蔡蕾,臧春鑫,曾岩,孟智斌,平晓鸽,方红霞. 通过红色名录评估研究中国哺乳动物受威胁现状及其原因[J]. 生物多样性, 2016, 24(5): 552-202. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015311

作者姓名：	蒋志刚李立立罗振华汤宋华李春旺胡慧建马勇吴毅王应祥周开亚刘少英冯祚建蔡蕾臧春鑫曾岩孟智斌平晓鸽方红霞

作者单位：	1中国科学院动物研究所动物生态与保护生物学重点实验室, 北京 100101 2中华人民共和国濒危物种科学委员会, 北京 100101 3中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 4广东省生物资源应用研究所暨华南濒危动物研究所, 广州 510260 5广州大学生命科学学院, 广州 510006 6中国科学院昆明动物研究所, 昆明 650223 7南京师范大学生命科学学院, 南京 210046 8四川林业科学研究院, 成都 610081 9中华人民共和国环境保护部自然生态保护司, 北京 100035 10 中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012

基金项目：	环境保护部生物多样性专项(Y31Z01)、科技基础性专项(2013FY110300)

摘要：	依据中国哺乳类野生种群与生境现状, 我们利用IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1), Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria和Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels (Version 4.0), 评价了中国所有已知的673种哺乳动物的濒危状况。本次评估了71种《IUCN濒危物种红色名录(2015)》没有评估的哺乳动物, 还评估了60种《IUCN濒危物种红色名录(2015)》误认为中国没有分布的哺乳动物。发现中国有3种哺乳动物“野外灭绝”, 3种“区域灭绝”。受威胁中国哺乳动物共计178种, 约占评估物种总数的26.4%, 高于IUCN濒危物种红色名录的物种平均受威胁率(21.8%)。中国哺乳动物1/4的特有种属于受威胁物种。受威胁比例最高的目是灵长目、食肉目与鲸偶蹄目。多数省区的受威胁哺乳动物物种占本省区哺乳动物总数的20-30%。中国哺乳动物种类多分布在中国第二级地理阶梯。生活在高海拔地区的哺乳动物虽然种类少, 但是受威胁哺乳动物的种类比例高。过度利用、生境丧失和人类干扰名列受威胁哺乳动物致危因子的前3位。自从1989年《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》实施以来, 一些中国濒危哺乳动物的生存状况得到了改善。然而, 鉴于中国哺乳动物区系的独特性和多样性, 以及中国地形地貌的复杂性, 如何拯救这些濒危物种仍是中国生物多样性保护的一项艰巨任务。
关键词：	哺乳动物灭绝受威胁致危因子 IUCN濒危物种红色名录
收稿时间：	2015-11-12
Evaluating the status of China’s mammals and analyzing their causes of endangerment through the red list assessment

Zhigang Jiang,Lili Li,Zhenhua Luo,Songhua Tang,Chunwang Li,Huijian Hu,Yong Ma,Yi Wu,Yingxiang Wang,Kaiya Zhou,Shaoying Liu,Zuojian Feng,Lei Cai,Chunxin Zang,Yan Zeng,Zhibin Meng,Xiaoge Ping,Hongxia Fang. Evaluating the status of China’s mammals and analyzing their causes of endangerment through the red list assessment[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2016, 24(5): 552-202. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015311

Authors:	Zhigang Jiang Lili Li Zhenhua Luo Songhua Tang Chunwang Li Huijian Hu Yong Ma Yi Wu Yingxiang Wang Kaiya Zhou Shaoying Liu Zuojian Feng Lei Cai Chunxin Zang Yan Zeng Zhibin Meng Xiaoge Ping Hongxia Fang

Abstract:	Based on current population estimates, habitat status, rates of population decline, and projected population trends, we assessed the status of all known 673 mammals in China using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1), Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria and Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels (Version 4.0). We evaluated 71 mammal species that were not evaluated by the IUCN Red List (2015) and 60 species that were not considered by the IUCN Red List (2015) to be distributed in China. We discovered that 178 species of mammals were threatened in China, accounting for 26.4% of all mammal species in the country, which was higher than the worldwide average percentage of threatened species (21.8%). Three species were identified as “Extinct in the Wild” while another three species were classified as “Regionally Extinct”. Roughly a quarter of endemic mammal species are threatened in China. The three orders with the highest ratios of threatened to unthreatened species are Primates, Carnivora and Cetartiodactyla. Most of the provinces in the country have rate of threatened species between 20-30%. Most mammals are distributed on the second ring of the geographic ladder of the country, though few mammal species live at high altitudes but more species of them are threatened. Over-exploitation by humans, habitat loss and human interference are the three leading threats to mammals in China. Since the implementation of the Wild Animal Protection Law of People’s Republic of China in 1989, the status of some mammals, including the giant panda and Tibetan antelope, have been improved. Nevertheless, considering the uniqueness and diversity of mammalian fauna, and the complexity of the topography in China, how to rescue threatened species in the country is still a difficult task in front of us.

Keywords:	mammals extinct threatened threat IUCN endangered species red list
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