| 黄土高原苹果园土壤水分及水分生产力模拟 |
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| 引用本文： | 王宪志,赵西宁,高晓东,卫伟,王绍飞,于流洋,王嘉昕,邵主恩. 黄土高原苹果园土壤水分及水分生产力模拟[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(1): 201-210. DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202101.012 |
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| 作者姓名： | 王宪志 赵西宁 高晓东 卫伟 王绍飞 于流洋 王嘉昕 邵主恩 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;2.西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西杨凌 712100;3.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100;4.中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400204);国家自然科学基金项目(41771316);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2020ZDLNY07-04)资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 以长武地区为例,采用WinEPIC模型模拟1980—2018年间黄土高原旱作苹果园地深剖面土壤水分和水分生产力变化动态,以期为该区苹果产业的可持续发展提供科学依据。结果表明: 长武地区苹果园年均产量为26.37 t·hm-2,年均蒸散量为673.66 mm,年均水分生产力为4.07 kg·m-3,成龄果树水分胁迫天数主要受降雨量影响,果树生长后期年均胁迫天数为46.46 d,深层土壤含水量最早于9龄果树开始接近凋萎湿度。长武地区苹果整个生长周期内供水量是对果园产量影响最大的因素,深层土壤有效水含量降低是制约果树生长中后期产量提高的最主要因素,在降水不足的年份果树会利用更深层土壤水分。当深层土壤可利用水分较少时,过多的降水并未被果树利用,而是转化为浅层土壤水分蒸发。对于成龄果树在年供水量低于500 mm或高于700 mm时都会造成产量的下降。针对不同生长时期的果园,在不同的降雨年份应该调整果园水分管理策略,可以通过补充灌溉、拦蓄集聚雨水、覆盖、修剪枝条等管理措施,降低果树非生产性耗水及自身奢侈性耗水,延缓深层土壤干层的出现时间,在保证果树生长的同时避免水资源的浪费。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤水分动态 水分生产力 降水 WinEPIC |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-07-18 |
Simulation on soil moisture and water productivity of apple orchard on the Loess Plateau,Northwest China |
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| WANG Xian-zhi,ZHAO Xi-ning,GAO Xiao-dong,WEI Wei,WANG Shao-fei,YU Liu-yang,WANG Jia-xin,SHAO Zhu-en. Simulation on soil moisture and water productivity of apple orchard on the Loess Plateau,Northwest China[J]. The journal of applied ecology, 2021, 32(1): 201-210. DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202101.012 |
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| Authors: | WANG Xian-zhi ZHAO Xi-ning GAO Xiao-dong WEI Wei WANG Shao-fei YU Liu-yang WANG Jia-xin SHAO Zhu-en |
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| Affiliation: | (Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China) |
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| Abstract: | The WinEPIC model was used to simulate the dynamics of soil moisture and water productivity in the deep layer of the dry farm apple orchard of Changwu in the Loess Plateau from 1980 to 2018,aiming to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of apple production in the area.The results showed that the average annual yield of apple orchards in Changwu area was 27.37 t·hm-2,the average annual evapotranspiration was 673.66 mm,and the average annual water productivity was 4.07 kg·m-3.The number of water stress days in adult apple trees was mainly affected by rainfall.The average number of stress days in the late stage of apple tree growth was 46.46 d.The soil water content in deep layer began to approach withering humidity as early as 9-year-old apple trees.Water supply in the whole growing season of Changwu area was the dominant factor impacting the yield of orchards.The reduction of effective soil water content in deep soil was the main factor restricting yield enhancement in the middle and late growth stages of apple trees.When there was no sufficient precipitation,apple trees would use soil water from deeper soil layer.Excessive precipitation could not be used by apple trees but could be converted into shallow soil moisture and evaporation if the deep layer had less available water.For the mature apple trees,less than 500 mm or higher than 700 mm of annual water supply would cause a decline in production.For apple orchard at different growth periods,water management strategy should be adjusted according to rainfall conditions in different years.Supplementary irrigation,rainwater retention,covering,and pruning of branches could be used to reduce the unproductive and luxury water consumption of apple trees,delay the appearance of deep dry layer of soil,and avoid the waste of water resources while ensuring the growth of apple trees. |
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| Keywords: | soil water dynamics water productivity precipitation WinEPIC |
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