| 供磷水平对梨砧木生长和15N-尿素吸收利用特性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 沙建川,夏营,刘松忠,刘晶晶,刘晓霞,姜远茂,葛顺峰. 供磷水平对梨砧木生长和15N-尿素吸收利用特性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(5): 1437-1442. DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201805.023 |
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| 作者姓名： | 沙建川 夏营 刘松忠 刘晶晶 刘晓霞 姜远茂 葛顺峰 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院, 作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018;2.北京市林业果树科学研究院, 北京 100093 |
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| 基金项目： | 本文由国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD16B03-3)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 以一年生盆栽豆梨、川梨、木梨实生苗为试材,采用15N同位素示踪技术,研究了不同供磷水平(P2O5分别为0、50、100、150、200 kg·hm-2,分别用P0、P1、P2、P3、P4表示)对3种梨砧木生长和15N-尿素吸收、利用特性的影响.结果表明: 随着供磷水平的提高,砧木的株高、地径、干质量、根系总表面积、总根长、根尖数、根系活力、根系呼吸速率、Ndff值和氮素利用率均先升高后降低,但不同砧木升降幅度不同,且各指标出现峰值的磷水平不同.在同一磷素水平下,木梨的株高、地径、干质量均最高,川梨次之,豆梨最低,根系形态指标和根系呼吸速率呈相同规律,而Ndff值和氮素利用率表现不同.在不同磷素水平下,木梨在P3处理各指标均达到最高水平,而川梨和豆梨分别在P2和P1处理各指标均达到最高水平;砧木各器官的Ndff值在不同磷水平下均以茎最高;木梨的最高氮素利用率(种植季的肥料N回收率)为9.6%、川梨为8.9%、豆梨为8.3%.以上结果表明,不同梨砧木生长和氮素吸收利用特性在不同磷水平下响应不同,生产中应根据砧木需磷特性合理施磷.
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| 收稿时间： | 2017-11-16 |
Effects of different phosphorus application rates on growth, 15N-urea absorption,and utilization characteristics of pear rootstocks. |
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| SHA Jian-chuan,XIA Ying,LIU Song-zhong,LIU Jing-jing,LIU Xiao-xia,JIANG Yuan-mao,GE Shun-feng. Effects of different phosphorus application rates on growth, 15N-urea absorption,and utilization characteristics of pear rootstocks.[J]. The journal of applied ecology, 2018, 29(5): 1437-1442. DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201805.023 |
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| Authors: | SHA Jian-chuan XIA Ying LIU Song-zhong LIU Jing-jing LIU Xiao-xia JIANG Yuan-mao GE Shun-feng |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China;2.Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing 100093, China |
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| Abstract: | Three kinds of potted one-year-old pear rootstocks (Pyrus calleryana, P. pashia, and P. xerophila) and 15N trace technique were used to examine the effects of different phosphorus application rates (P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4 equivalent to 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg·hm-2 P2O5, respectively) on plant growth and the characteristics of 15N-urea absorption and utilization. The results showed that, with the increases of phosphorus levels, plant height, ground diameter, dry mass, root surface area, root length, number of root tips, root activity, root respiration rate, Ndff values, and nitrogen use efficiency of rootstocks first increased and then decreased. However, the range of rise and fall of different rootstocks were distinct, and each index reached the highest level at different phosphorus levels. The plant height, diameter, dry mass of P. xerophila were the highest under the same phosphorus level, followed by P. pashia, and P. calleryana was the lowest. The root architecture parameters and root respiration rate showed the same trend, but Ndff values and nitrogen use efficiency performed different. Under different phosphorus levels, each index of P. xerophila reached the highest level at P3, but those of P. pashia and P. calleryana appeared at P2 and P1 rates, respectively. The Ndff values in stem were the highest among different organs of rootstocks at diffe-rent phosphorus levels, and the highest nitrogen use efficiency of P. xerophila, P. pashia and P. calleryana was 9.6%, 8.9% and 8.3%, respectively. The variations of plant growth and N absorption and utilization of different pear rootstocks across different phosphorus levels indicated that phosphorus fertilizer should be carry out reasonably in practice and give full consideration of phosphorus demands of plants. |
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